FOUNDATIONS OF LAW INDEX

BASIC THEORIES OF LAW....................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Positivism and Natural Law............................................................................................................................................................................ 1
Feminism ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Critical Legal Studies+ Economics ................................................................................................................................................................ 1-2
Hill v Scientology .............................................................................. ..................................................... ...................................................... 2
*Charter of Whiteness (charter = little impact racial + judges & lawyers are the problem) ........................................................................ 2-3
*Converging Feminist and Queer Legal Theories: Family Feuds and Family Ties ....................................................................................... 3
*The Nature of Law – Andrei Marmor ........................................................................................................................................................... 4

[2] SOURCES OF LAW ................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

Early Relations with Aboriginal Peoples (rights /title intro) ............................................................................................................................ 5
Reception of EU Law ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Common law & Civil Law ............................................................................................................................................................................... 5
International Law (treaties / customary law) .................................................................................................................................................... 7
Baker v Canada (contextual approach to international treaties) ............................................................................................................... 7
De Guzman v Canada (affirms contextual approach ^) .............................................................................................................................. 8
*Bijuralism & Harmonization............................................................................................................................................................................ 8
St-Hilaire v Canada (bijuralism) .................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Reference re Supreme Court Act, ss. 5 and 6, 2014 SCC 21, [2014] 1……………………………………………………………………..9
*Indigenous Legal Traditions (Legal Pluralism) ................................................................................................................................................ 9
*International and Domestic Law (customary law / treaties / failure / suggestions (Baker case) ) ................................................................... 10
* Enhancing the Implementation of Human Rights Treaties in Canadian Law ................................................................................................. 12

[3] COMMON LAW METHOD........................................................................................................................................................................ 14

*Precedent Unbound? Contemporary Approaches to Precedent in Canada ........................................................................................................14

*Precedent by Roger Shiner ........................................................................................................................................................................... 16
*The Fusion of Law and Equity: A Canadian Perspective Rotman.................................................................................................................... 16
*Classical Common Law Jurisprudence (Part 1) by Gerald Postema ............................................................................................................ 16
*Why Fiduciary Law is Equitable’, 2013 - by: Henry E. Smith,.................................................................................................................... 18
*Precedent”, 2011: Frederick Schauer............................................................................................................................................................ 19

[4] FUNDEMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF LEGAL SYSTEM ....................................................................................................................... 22

Constitutional Conventions ................................................................................................................................................................................ 22
The Patriation Reference (Convention Definition + Requirements) ........................................................................................................... 22
Unwritten Principles (principles as binding vs conventions) ............................................................................................................................. 22
Rule of Law (enhancing judicial review) ........................................................................................................................................................... 23
Supremacy of Constitution ................................................................................................................................................................................ 23
Separation of Powers ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Legislative Power (parliamentary supremacy & federalism) ................................................................................ ............................ .............. 24
Executive Power (responsible government) ........................................................................................................................................ ............. 24
Judicial Power (Independence) ............................................................................................................................................................. ........... 24
Reference re Secession of Quebec (federalism, democracy, const rule of law) ................................................................................... .......... 25
Singh v Canada (2000) (parliamentary sovereignty / separation powers / independance) .............................................................................. 25
Reference re Remuneration of Judges PEI (jud indep, dissent à stems from const, not unwritten principles) ………………………......... 26

CANADIAN LEGAL SYSTEM

[1] LEGISLATIVE BRANCH ....................................................................................................................................................................... 27

Structure and Operation of Parliament (prorogue, dissolution) ........................................................................................................................ 27
Parliamentary Law Making................................................................................................................................................................................ 28
[2] EXECUTIVE BRANCH ........................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Crown / PM / Cabinet / Public Service Employees / admin tribunals – don’t need judicial independence) ................................................. 29
Crown Corporations / Police ............................................................................................................................................................................. 29
Source of Executive Power ............................................................................................................................................................................... 30
Prerogative Powers + Statutory Powers ........................................................................................................................................................... 30
Delegated Powers .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 31
[3] JUDICIAL / COURTS BRANCH ........................................................................................................................................................... 32
Structure / Constitutional Source (s96 / provincial).......................................................................................................................................... 32
Judicial Independence ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Characteristics and Dimensions of Judicial Independence .............................................................................................................................. 33
Security of Tenure / Finances / Admin Independence ..................................................................................................................................... 33
[4] STATUTORY INTERPRETATION ...................................................................................................................................................... 34
Rules of Interpretation (Principle Approach / Ordinary meaning, Technical and Original Meaning) ............................................................. 34
Textualism (Literal) vs Intentionalism (intent) ................................................................................................................................................ 34
Judicial Independence ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Purpose and Scheme Analysis ......................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Interpretation à Strict (for criminal ) vs. Liberal (for constitutional) ............................................................................................................. 35
Extrinsic Aids (history / legislation / experts) .................................................................................................................................................. 35
[5] JUDICIAL REVIEW ............................................................................................................................................................................... 36
Limitations on Judicial Review + Enforcing Judicial Decisions (Manitoba language) .................................................................................. 36
Legitimacy of the Courts (overstepping role / deference) ................................................................................................................................ 36
*Respecting Democratic Role of Judges ........................................................................................................................................................ 36
Unwritten Principles (Remuneration Judges PEI & Baker Case) ................................................................................................................. 38
Review of Administrative Decisions [a. review of fairness à Baker] & [b. review of substance à Dunsmuir]) ……………………………... 38
Canadian Human Rights Commission v Canada (11) .................................................................................................................................. 39

ABORIGINALS
ABORIGINAL RELATIONSHIP W/ CANADA ........................................................................................................................................... 40
*Senwung Luk entitled “Not So Many Hats: The Crown’s Fiduciary Obligations to Aboriginal Communities since Guerin” (2013)……...... 40
*Report of Royal Comm on Aboriginals (existing land claim process flawed, propose new treaty) .................................................................. 41

[1] ABORIGINAL RIGHTS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 43

R v Sparrow (90) [net, ‘existing’ + rights not absolute + Justification for infringing test] ................................................................................... 44
R v Van der Peet (96) [salmon, Test for identifying rights – ‘integral test’] ......................................................................................................... 44
R v Sappier; v Gray (06) [wood, ‘continuity’ relation of right to pre-contact culture/life] ................................................................................... 44
R v Powley (06) [metis hunting, ‘Powley test’ ie. Pre-control test vs pre-contact] ............................................................................................ …45
Haida Nation v BC (04) [duty to consult, honour, duty to agree] ........................................................................................................................... 45
Taku River v BC (04) [scope duty consult proportionate with strength right] ....................................................................................................... 46

[2] ABORIGINAL TITLE..................................................................................................................................................................................... 48

Delgamuukw v BC (97) [Nature / Scope of title, how to prove] ............................................................................................................................ 48
Tsilhqot’in Nation (14) ……………………………………………………………………………........................................................................ 48
*BC Treaty Commission “Why Treaties in Modern Age” [overview of evolution of title] ................................................................................... 50

[3] ABORIGINAL TREATIES.............................................................................................................................................................................. 51

R v Marshall; R v Bernard (05) [determining when treaty right exists - logical evolution] .................................................................................... 51