6/28/2020 Step Up Math 7

a b 0 e f ¸ : Ç x d Search (

Let us find the product of a positive integer and a negative integer without using a number line.
q Hence, we can conclude that the product of two negative integers is a positive integer.
q
The product of 2 × (–3) can be calculated in a different way.
Negative integer × Negative integer = Positive integer
i.e. 2 × (–3) = –(2 × 3) = –6
Similarly,3 × (–4) = –(3 × 4) = –12 When two positive integers are multiplied,the product is a positive integer.

So far, we multipliedintegers as positive integer × negative integer, let us now multiplythem as negative plus × plus = plus For example, 12 × 11 = 132
integer × positive integer. When two negative integers are multiplied,the product is a positive integer.
Let us find the product of (–2) × 3 and (–3) × 4. minus × minus = plus For example, (–13) × (–9) = 117
Observe the followingmultiplicationpatterns. When one positive integer and one negative integer are multiplied, the product is a negative
integer.
2×3=6 3 × 4 = 12
1×3=3=6–3 2 × 4 = 8 = 12 – 4 minus × plus = minus For example, (–8) × 14 = (–112)
0×3=0=3–3 1×4=4=8–4 plus × minus = minus For example, 25 × (–25) = (–625)
–1 × 3 = –3 = 0 – 3 0×4=0=4–4
Product of Three or more Negative Integers
–2 × 3 = –6 = –3 – 3 –1 × 4 = –4 = 0 – 4
Thus, 2 × (–3) = (–2) × 3 = –(2 × 3) = –6 –2 × 4 = –8 = –4 – 4 In the previous example, we observed that the product of two negative integers is a positive integer.
–3 × 4 = –12 = –8 – 4 What willbe the product of 3 negative integers?
Thus, 3 × (–4) = (–3) × 4 = –(3 × 4) = –12
Let us find out the product of 3 negative integers, 4 negative integers and so on..
In the above patterns, we can observe that Consider the followingexamples.

Negative integer × Positive integer = Negative integer (i) (–1) × (–2) = 2

G H
(ii) (–1) × (–2) × (–3) = [(–1) × (–2)] × (–3) = 2 × (–3) = –6
Thus, the product of two integers with unlike signs is a negative integer. When a positive integer is
(iii) (–1) × (–2) × (–3) × (–4) = [(–1) × (–2) × (–3)] × (–4) = (–6) × (–4) = 24
multipliedwitha negative integer, we multiplythem as whole numbers and put a minus sign before the
product. (iv) (–1) × (–2) × (–3) × (–4) × (–5) = [(–1) × (–2) × (–3) × (–4)] × (–5) = 24 × (–5) = –120

Multiplication of Two Negative Integers From the above products we can draw the followingconclusions.

Let us study the multiplicationof two negative integers. Ifan even number of negative integers (as seen in example (i)and (iii))are multipliedtogether then
the product obtained is a positive integer.
Consider (–4) × (–3) and observe the given pattern.
Ifan odd number of negative integers (as seen in example (ii)and (iv))are multipliedtogether then
(–4) × 3 = –12 the product obtained is a negative integer.
(–4) × 2 = –8 = –12 – (–4) Properties of Multiplication of Integers
(–4) × 1 = –4 = –8 – (–4) Let us understand the properties of multiplicationof integers.
(–4) × 0 = 0 = –4 – (–4) General rule
Property Examples Thus we learn
(–4) × (–1) = 4 = 0 – (–4) = 0 + 4 with literals

(–4) × (–2) = 8 = 4 – (–4) = 4 + 4 Closure property

Ifa and b are integers, Ifa and b are any (i) 2 × 4 = 8 The product of two
(–4) × (–3) = 12 = 8 – (–4) = 8 + 4 two integers, then integers is also an integer.
then a × b is also an (ii)5 × (– 4) = –20
Here, we observe that the multiplicand(–4) remains the same, the multiplierdecreases by 1 and the integer. a × b is also an Thus, integers are closed
product increases by 4 at each step. integer. under multiplication.

12 13

g R Page 12 - 13 of BackCover Powered By

Ù
https://beanstalk.kitaboo.com/reader/MobileReader/cloud-reader/kitaboo-reflowable.html#/main/https;%7C%7Cbeanstalk.kitaboo.com%7CContentServer%7Cmvc%7Cs3view%7C215053%7Chtml5%7C215053?readerType=new&subdomain=beanstalk&pageMode=double&page=12&menu=toc&tab=content 1/1