Operational Liaison Meeting FBW aircraft

Tire Burst
 4 Contents

z Introduction

z A Word on Tire Technology

z Tire Burst at Takeoff

z Pressure Monitoring (TPIS)

z New Developments

z Conclusion

Tire Burst 2
 4 Introduction

z Tire bursting incidents occur regularly.

z The Concorde accident raised the greatest concern.

F-BTSC accident, 25 July 2000, at Gonesse (France)

z Differing tire technologies lead to different bursting

behaviors.
z Bursting at takeoff: Airbus recommendations
z New developments
...part of the solutions that
„ MICHELIN NZG bring back the Concorde’s
Certificate of Airworthiness

Tire Burst 3
 4 A Word on Tire Technology
z Radial vs. Bias-ply tires

Bias-ply

RADIAL
Tire Burst 4
 4 A Word on Tire Technology ...
z Radial vs. Bias-ply tires

Radial
Bias-ply

z Radial tires used on most Long Range aircraft.

z Radial tires may be used on all Airbus aircraft.

Tire Burst 5
 4 Contents

z Introduction

z A Word on Tire Technology

z Tire Burst at Takeoff

z Pressure Monitoring (TPIS)

z New Developments

z Conclusion

Tire Burst 6
 4 Tire Burst at Takeoff: Common Causes...
z Tires may suffer significant strain.
z Each element may be submitted to
about 1000 g’s of centrifugal force.

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 4 Tire Burst at Takeoff: Common Causes...
z A standing wave may appear, inducing shear
stress and strain, which cause high temperatures.

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 4 Tire Burst at Takeoff: Common Causes...
z FOD (Foreign Object Damage)
z Inadequate inflation pressure
z Hot spot

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 4 Tire Burst at Takeoff: …and Some Consequences

z Landing gear bay

equipment protection:
„ Against overheat
bursting: FUSE PLUG

„ Against loose tire tread:

– MLG braked to a stop
before retraction.
– NLG low inertia level at
final retraction.

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 4 Tire Burst at Takeoff: Recommendations

z Maintenance and Exterior Inspection:

„ Daily check
„ Correct tire pressure
„ Thorough walkaround inspection

z Remember that, for a defective tire...

Air pressure
„ Long taxi distances building up
„ High taxi speed enough to
RUPTURE
„ Heavy takeoff weights
the TIRE

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 4 Tire Burst at Takeoff: Recommendations ...
z Takeoff decision
„ FCOM 3.02.10 - page 2: "REJECTED TAKEOFF”

NOT before
z After takeoff: Assess aircraft status
400 ft!!!
„ ENG parameters
„ ECAM SYS pages (special attention ➜ FUEL, HYD)
„ Monitor FUEL LEAK
„ Consider SLAT/FLAP visual check before retraction

COMMON
SENSE
MEASURES

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 4 Tire Burst at Takeoff: Recommendations ...
z Continuing Flight: COMMON
SENSE

„ Key point: Structural damage evaluation

MEASURES

„ Consider reducing the landing weight

z Landing:
„ Relieve the load on the remaining tires
„ Use MAX REVERSE, as usual (at MLG touchdown)

MLG affected: NLG affected:

Smooth MLG Smooth NLG
touchdown touchdown
Ready for brake
asymmetry:
MANUAL BRAKE

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 4 Contents

z Introduction

z A Word on Tire Technology

z Tire Burst at Takeoff

z Pressure Monitoring (TPIS)

z New Developments

z Conclusion

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 4 Pressure Monitoring (TPIS)
z Tire Pressure Indicating System (TPIS)

Normal pressure
indication
Advisory

ECAM caution

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 4 Pressure Monitoring (TPIS) ...

z Pressure caution cannot be used to

confirm a tire burst at takeoff:
„ Inhibited in phases 4, 5 and 8.

z TPIS eases:
„ Damage evaluation
„ Landing preparation

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 4 Contents

z Introduction

z A Word on Tire Technology

z Tire Burst at Takeoff

z Pressure Monitoring (TPIS)

z New Developments

z Conclusion

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 4 New Developments
z Michelin ‘Near Zero Growth’ (NZG)
„ Radial
„ Same pressure, same dimensions
„ Reduced tread rubber tension

„ Reduced damage risk

z Michelin NZG already used on the Concorde.
z To be used on the A340-600.
z NZG could find its way to the A320 FAM, A330, A340
and the A380.

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 4 Conclusion
z High elastic + kinetic energy ➜ Severe damage risk
z Tire technologies: Radial / Bias-ply
„ Radial appears to be more reliable
„ Radial burst laterally ➜ Reducing damage risk
z Tires CANNOT burst into the landing gear bay
z Tire burst recommendations:
„ Exterior inspection
„ Common sense measures
z New tire developments (Michelin NZG):
„ New materials, more resistant
„ Lower elastic energy ➜ Lower damage risk
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