‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪، 28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪2010، 5‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪ (Al-Mg‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻗﺎﺴﻡ ﻤﺤﺴﻥ*‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻜﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل**‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺍل ﻋﺯﺕ *‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻡ‪2009/ 2/ 25:‬‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻭل‪2009/9/3:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺒﻲ ﺒﻠﻐﺔ ﻓﻭﺭﺘﺭﺍﻥ ) ‪ (90‬ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﺒﻌﺩﻴﻥ)‪(2-D‬‬
‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ )‪ (Explicit Finite Difference Method‬ﻟﻤــﺴـﺒﻭﻜﺔ‬
‫) ‪ (Al-4.5%Mg‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺁﺫ ﺘﻡ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻭﺴﻤﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻋﺩﺩﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﺩﺨﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺒﻲ‪,‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﻪ ‪.‬ﺘﻡ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﻪ ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻉ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻪ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺨﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻕ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ) ‪ o(200,70‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺩﺓ ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )ﺍﻻﻟﻤﻨﻴﻭﻡ‪-‬‬
‫ﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴﻴﻭﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫ٍ ‪Study on Heat Transfer of (Al-Mg) Alloy Fabricated By‬‬
‫‪Centrifugal Casting‬‬
‫‪Abstract‬‬
‫‪A Fortran 90 computer program was build to study the heat transfer in two‬‬
‫‪dimensions (2-D) using explicit finite difference method for (Al-4.5%Mg) alloy.‬‬
‫‪This alloy was produced by horizontal centrifugal casting, the effect of rotational‬‬
‫‪speed on cooling rate and solidification thickness is investigated numerically,‬‬
‫‪using the experimental data. Microstructure and hardness of the produced casting‬‬
‫‪was investigated for different mold rotational speed, and different preheated mold‬‬
‫‪temperatures (70, 200 ) o C.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫‪ : F‬ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ‬
‫‪ : ρ L‬ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌل ‪kg / m3‬‬
‫‪ : ρ S‬ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ‪kg / m3‬‬
‫‪ : kL‬ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺌل ‪W / m.k‬‬
‫‪ : k S‬ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﺼﻠﺏ ‪W / m.K‬‬
‫‪ : CpL‬ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺌل ‪J / kg.K‬‬
‫‪: CpS‬ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻠﺏ ‪J / kg.K‬‬
‫‪ : TL‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌل ‪°C‬‬
‫‪ : TS‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ‪°C‬‬
‫‪: L‬ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻨﺔ ‪J / kg‬‬
‫‪: ΤP‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺏ‬

‫* ﻗﺴﻡ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‪ /‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬

‫** ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ‪ ,‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ /‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬
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 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪، 28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪2010، 5‬‬

‫ﻤﺘﻤﺎﺜﻠﺔ ]‪ .[4‬ﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺴـﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜـﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻷﻨﺎﺒﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘ ﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼـﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﺼﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﻓـﻲ ﻗﺎﻟـﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁﻴــﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻴــﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺴــﻁﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩﻨﻲ ﻴﺩﻭﺭ ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﺤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘ ﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻅﺭﺍ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻤﺘـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ )‪ (Bimetallic‬ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺴﺒﻴﻜﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﺼﺒﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺍﺕ ﺘﺒﺭﺯﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻭﻨﻬـﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺏ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘـﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻨﺘـﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴـﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻌـﺎﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺍﻜﺒـﺔ ﻜﻤـﺎ ﻴﻤﻜـﻥ ﺇﻨﺘـﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺩﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻼﺤﺩﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﻭﺯﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻏﺭﺍﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ ﻤﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ )‪ (40‬ﻁﻨﺎ ]‪.[5‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺼـﻭل ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫‪.3‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺃﺴﻁﺢ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺨﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻭﺏ]‪ .[1‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﻴـﺭ ﻤﺴـﺘﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜـﺯﻱ ﻫـﻭ ﺃﻨﺘـﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻭﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﺒﺸـﻜل ﺍﺴـﻁﻭﺍﻨﻲ ﻓـﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﺨﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻴـﻭﺏ ﺍﺫ ﻴﻤﻜـﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﺘـﺏ ﻜﻤـﺎ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (1‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ‪ .‬ﺘﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (2‬ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘـﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻔﻬﻡ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ]‪. [7‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﻰ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴـﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴـــﺘﻌﺎﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺎﺴـــﻭﺏ ﻟﻨﻤﺫﺠـــﺔ‬
‫∂ ‪1‬‬ ‫‪∂T‬‬ ‫∂ ‪1‬‬ ‫‪∂T‬‬
‫‪( kr r‬‬ ‫‪)+ 2‬‬ ‫‪( kθ‬‬ ‫‪)+‬‬ ‫)‪(Modeling‬ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻜــﺎﺓ)‪(Simulation‬‬
‫‪r ∂r‬‬ ‫‪∂r‬‬ ‫‪r ∂θ‬‬ ‫‪∂θ‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫∂‬ ‫‪∂T‬‬ ‫‪∂T‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫‪(k‬‬ ‫)‪) + Q = ρcp( ).....(1‬‬
‫‪∂z ∂z‬‬ ‫‪∂t‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ‪ .‬ﺘﻁﺒﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺫﺠﺔ ﺒﻭﺴـﺎﻁﺔ‬
‫‪∂ 2T‬‬ ‫‪∂ 2T‬‬ ‫‪∂ 2T‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴـﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒـﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺅ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺴﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫‪∂r 2‬‬ ‫‪r 2∂θ 2‬‬ ‫‪∂z2‬‬
‫‪1 ∂T‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻀﺒﻁ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫) ‪.......... ... (2‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬
‫=‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠـﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘـﺔ‬
‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪α ∂t‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ]‪ . [2‬ﺘﻌﺩ ﻗـﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﺍﻷ ﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﻨـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺸﻜل ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺒﻭﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﺘﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻟـﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍ ﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺼﺏ ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺤﻭل ﻤﺤﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻙ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻋﻭﺍﻤل ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺃﻤﺎ ﺃﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺨﻼل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺌﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ‪[7]:‬‬ ‫ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻗﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‪،‬‬
‫• ﺴــﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻟــﺏ ﺍﻟﻁــﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻋﻨـﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﻜـﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻗﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ‬
‫• ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺩﺨل ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ]‪ .[3‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘـﺔ ﻴﻤﻜـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﺠﻭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻷﻏﻠـﺏ‬

‫* ﻗﺴﻡ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‪ /‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬

‫** ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ‪ ,‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ /‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬
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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪(Al-Mg‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻋﺩﺩﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺯﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻫﻲ ﺍﺩﺨﺎل ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺒﻨـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺒﻠﻐﺔ)ﻓﻭﺭﺘﺭﺍﻥ ‪ ( 90‬ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ) ‪Finite‬‬
‫‪ (Difference Method‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨـﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺨـﻼل‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﺤـل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻋﺩﺩﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﺩﺨﺎل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﻭﺨﻭﺍﺼﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ـﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ـل ﺍﻟﺤـ‬
‫ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒـﺅ ﺒﺎﻻﻨﻜﻤﺎﺸـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﺼـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺼﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺠﻭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ]‪[9‬‬
‫• ﺘﻡ ﺍﻫﻤـﺎل ﺍﻻﺸـﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺤـﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻟﺩﺓ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤــﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺤﺴــﺎﺏ ﻨﺴــﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺴــﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ)‪ ( Solid Fraction‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘـﺭﺍﻭﺡ‬
‫ـﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺯﻭﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴــ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤـﺩ ﺁﺫ ﻴﻜـﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﺌﻠﺔ )‬
‫ﺼﻔﺭ( ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ)ﻭﺍﺤﺩ(‪ .‬ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﻤﺭﻜـﺯ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ]‪.[10‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ ﺍﻟﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺴﺎﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻁﺎﺓ ﺍﻟـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﻟﻜل ﻋﻘﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻟﺫﺍ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻟﻜل ﻋﻘﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ‪ ,‬ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﻭﺼﻭل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻗل ﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼـﻠﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺠﻤﺩﺕ ﺒﻔﻌل ﻗﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗـﺫﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺍ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺄﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ‪ .‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﺒﺸـﻜل‬
‫ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ ]‪ .[9‬ﺘﻡ ﺃﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻗـل‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺤﺘﺴﺒﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻜل ﻋﻘﺩﺓ ﻭﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻗل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﺤـل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺎﺭﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ـﺔ‬
‫ـﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻔﺯﻴﺎﺌﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴـ‬ ‫ﺤﺴـﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺨـ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﺒﻴﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺯﻴﺎﺌﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﺒﻴﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴـﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒـﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺘﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
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‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪2010، 5‬‬
‫• ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺠﻭﻴـﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟـﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ)‪ (flow‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﺨـﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼـﺏ ﻭﺯﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺏ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ‪ ,‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻲ ﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬
‫ـﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﻤـ‬ ‫ـﻡ ﺍﻫﻤـ‬‫• ﺘـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ـﺔ‬
‫• ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼــ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻊ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤـﺩ ﻭﺜﺎﺒﺘـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻟﺏ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺴـﺭ ﺍﻟﺼـﻠﺏ ‪(solid‬‬
‫)‪ fraction‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ـﻭﺭ) ‪( z‬‬ ‫ـﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻤﺤـ‬ ‫ـل ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴـ‬‫• ﺘﻬﻤـ‬
‫ﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻅﺭ ﺤﻭﻟﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺃﻫﻤﺎل ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺼل ﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺠـﻭ ﺍﻟﺨـﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻨﺘﻘـﺎل ﺍﻟﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺩﺍﺨـل‬
‫ﺘﺠﻭﻴﻑ ﺍﻻﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘـﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤـل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ)‪.(Natural convection‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤل ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﻱ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤـﺩﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ ﺒﺄﺘﺠـﺎﻩ )‪(r and z‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻗﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل )‪ . (1‬ﺍﺫ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻨﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻅﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﻤﻌﺭﻓـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜل ﻋﻘـﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﻟﻬﺎ] ‪. [ 8‬ﻭﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(2‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻲ ﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬
‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪(Al-Mg‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪2010، 5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫ﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫‪ Τ − ΤS‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺀ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﻴـﺘﻡ ﺘﻬﻴﺌـﺔ‬ ‫‪F S = 1 − ‬‬ ‫) ‪ ....... (3‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀـﺤﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫‪ ΤL − ΤS‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ ,(3‬ﺁﺫ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ‪،‬‬ ‫) ‪k m = (1 − F S )k L + F S k S ......(4‬‬
‫ﺜﻡ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺏ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻴﻀﻤﻥ ﺩﺨـﻭل‬ ‫ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺘﺠﻭﻴـﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟـﺏ‬ ‫) ‪Cp m = (1 − F S )Cp L + F S Cp S .........(6‬‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻲ ﻭﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺼل ﺍﻟﻐﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠـﻭﺩ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫) ‪ρ m = (1 − FS ) ρ L + F S ρ S ......(5‬‬
‫ﺃﺤﺩﻯ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒـﺎﺨﺭﺍﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ‪ ،‬ﺘـﻡ ﻁـﻼﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨل ﺒﻁﺒﻘﻪ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺠـﺩﺍ ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻗﺎﻟـﺏ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺤﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺍﻓﻴﺕ ﻟﺴﻬﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ]‪ .[6‬ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ) ‪ (7‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌل ﺍﻟﻐـﺎﺯﻱ ﺒﻭﺴـﺎﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﺴﺒﺎﺌﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻭﺩ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺨﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ )‪ (200,70‬ﻡ‪ , o‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫)‪. [11](r ,Z‬‬
‫ﻤﺸﻌل ﻏﺎﺯﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺼﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺌﻙ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺴـﺨﻴﻥ‬ ‫‪ ∂ 2 Τ ∂ 2 Τ ∂Τ ‬‬
‫‪k 2 +‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‪+Q‬‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺴﺭﻉ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ )‪(1000,1500‬‬ ‫‪ ∂r‬‬ ‫‪∂Ζ 2 r ∂r ‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ‪ /‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) ‪5‬ﻭ‪ (4‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ ∂Τ‬‬ ‫‪∂Τ‬‬ ‫‪∂Τ ‬‬
‫ﺘﺴﺨﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻗﺒل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺼـﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺩﻥ‬ ‫‪ρCp ‬‬ ‫‪+ Vr‬‬ ‫‪+ VZ‬‬ ‫)‪.......... .(7‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫∂‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫∂‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪∂ Ζ ‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﻭﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ ﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻜﻪ ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺴﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻜﻪ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼـﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﺃﺜﻨـﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻟـﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﻫـﻲ ﺴـﺒﻴﻜﺔ)‪، (Al-4.5%Mg‬‬
‫) ‪. (5‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺼـﻬﺭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻤﻌـﻴﻥ ﻤـﻥ ﺃﺴـﻼﻙ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻨﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜـﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻓﺭﻥ ﺼﻬﺭ ﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻲ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺼﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻤﺼـﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ )‪ (700C°‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻨﺼﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺴـﺨﻴﻨﻪ ﺇﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻨﻴﻭﻡ ﺃﻀـﻴﻔﺕ ﻗﻁـﻊ ﺼـﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ )‪ o (200,70‬م ﻤـﻊ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴﻴﻭﻡ )‪ (Mg‬ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻨﻘـﺎﻭﺓ )‪(%99‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺴﺭﻉ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻫﻲ )‪(1000,1500‬‬ ‫ﻤﻐﻠﻔﺔ ﺒﺭﻗﺎﺌﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻨﻴﻭﻡ ‪(Aluminum‬‬
‫‪ .‬ﺘﻡ ﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﻜﺎﻤﻴﺭﺍ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﻪ‬ ‫)‪ foils‬ﻤﻊ ﺘﺤﺭﻴـﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼـﻬﺭ )ﻴـﺩﻭﻴﺎﹰ(‬
‫ﺃﻟﺩﻗﻪ ‪ ,‬ﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﻭﺩﺭﺠـﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻨﺼﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴﻴﻭﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺒﻌـﺩﻫﺎ ﺘـﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻴﺭﺍ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺩﻗﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻥ ﻭﺘﻡ ﺼﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻲﺀ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ,‬ﻭﺘﻡ ﺭﺴﻡ ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﺏ ﻤﻌﺩﻨﻲ ﻤﺼـﻨﻭﻉ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻜل ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ‪.‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﺠـﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴـل ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤـﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼـﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺒﻴﻜﺔ ﻭﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟـﺏ ‪ ,‬ﺘـﻡ ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ‬
‫ﺘﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻴﺩﻭﺭ ﻤﺩﺓ )‪ (2-1‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺜﻡ ﺘـﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺯﻴﺎﺌﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﺴـﺒﺎﺌﻙ‬
‫ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ـﺏ ﻭﻴﻭﻀــﺢ ﺍﻟﺠــﺩﻭل ) ‪ (1‬ﻫــﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ]‪.[13,12‬‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪(Al-Mg‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ‪ .‬ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬
‫ـﺙ‪[14]Kang‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﻭﺼـل ﻟﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤـ‬
‫ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻭﻥ ﺇﻥ ﺴـﺭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﺘﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺎ ﻤـﻊ ﺯﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ‪ .‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻜـل‬
‫ﻋﻘﺩﺓ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺤﺩﺒـﺩ ﺩﺭﺠـﻪ ﺤـﺭﺍﺭﻩ ﺘﺠﻤـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺜﻲ ﺩﺭﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﺭﺴﻡ ﺨﻁ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ ﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﻴﻭﺍﺯﻱ ﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﻤﻊ ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺯﻤـﻥ ﺘﺠﻤـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻟﻜل ﺴﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺍﻥ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘـﺩﺓ )‪)(r=0.45‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻼﻤﺱ ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺒﻭﺏ ﻭﺴﻁﺢ ﻗﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺴـﺒﺎﻜﺔ(‬
‫ﻻﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ )‪ (0.1‬ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺴﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟـﻙ ﻴﺭﺠـﻊ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﻤﻌﺎﻤـل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟـﺏ ﺁﺫ ﻴـﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻋﻨـﺩ ﻤﻼﻤﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺃﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻓﺭﺍﻁ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻨﺘﻴﺠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻲ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴـﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟـﻰ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﺩﺓ ﺒﺴﻤﻙ ﻗﻠﻴل ﺍ)ﻗﺸﺭﻩ( ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ )‪ (r=0.44‬ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺯﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﻌـﺩل‬
‫ﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻴﻘل ﻤﻊ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟـﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻤـﺎﺒﻴﻥ )‪(0.4-0.7‬‬
‫ﻴﻭﻀــﺢ ﺍﻟﺸــﻜل) ‪(6‬ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴــﻊ‬
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻁﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻼﻤﺱ ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺴـﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺒﻭﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻙ ﻋﺎﻤﻼﻥ ﻴﺅﺜﺭﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻭل ﻫﻭ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺘﺩﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺤـﻴﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ )ﻫﻭﺍﺀ( ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻨﺘﻘـﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼـﻬﺭﺓ ﻋﺒـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺨـﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪2010، 5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻱ ‪Microstructures‬‬
‫ﺘــﻡ ﺍﺴــﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬــﺭ ﺍﻟﻀــﻭﺌﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻭﻉ)‪ (Carl Sizess‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤـﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻜـﺎﻤﻴﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‪,‬ﻭﺒﻌـﺩ ﺍﺠـﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻌـﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺼـﻘل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺒﻤﺤﻠـﻭل)‪ ,(0.5%HF‬ﻟﻐـﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ )‪ (1500,1000‬ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ‪/‬‬
‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻓﻪ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟـﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ‬
‫ـﻼﺩﺓ ‪Hardness‬‬ ‫ـﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺼـــ‬ ‫ﻗﻴـــ‬
‫‪Measurement‬‬
‫ـﻼﺩﺓ ‪Hardness‬‬ ‫ـﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺼـــ‬ ‫ﻗﻴـــ‬
‫‪Measurement‬‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺃﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻓﻴﻜﺭﺯ ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺠﻬـﺎﺯ ﻓﻴﻜـﺭﺯ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺤﻤل ‪ 0.5‬ﻜﻐـﻡ ﺒـﺯﻤﻥ ﺘﺴـﻠﻴﻁ‬
‫‪10‬ﺜﻭﺍﻨﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ) ‪ (8‬ﻭﺘﻜﺭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻁـﻭل‬
‫ﺴﻤﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪HV=1.854(P/D2)………. (8‬‬
‫ﺍﺫ ﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪: HV‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : P‬ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ‪kg‬‬
‫‪ : D‬ﻗﻁﺭ ﺍﻻﺜﺭ )ﻤﻠﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻭﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻀـﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺒﻭﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ )‪ (r=0.36,0.42,0.44,0.45‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺃﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻗﺎﻟـﺏ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺼـﻠﺏ‬
‫ﻨﻭﻉ)‪ (H13‬ﻭﺃﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺴـﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔــﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﻟــﺏ ﺍﻟﺴــﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﻫــﻲ‬
‫)‪ (1500,1000‬ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ‪ /‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺁﺫ ﻴﻼﺤﻅ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺘﻨﺨﻔﺽ ﻤﻊ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺃﻱ ﻟﺤﻅﺔ ﺯﻤﻨﻴـﺔ ‪ .‬ﻤﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤـﺔ‬
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪(Al-Mg‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪2010، 5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ )‪ (r=0.42‬ﻴﻘل ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻌـﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﻗﺸﺭﺓ ﺠﺎﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴـﺒﻭﻜﺔ‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻨﺒﻌﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻤﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨ ﻠﻲ)ﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘـﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻷﺴـﻔل‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻴﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻟـﺏ‬
‫ﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ‪.‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻴﻘل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﺃﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺴـﻤﻴﺭ ﺨﻠـﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟـﺏ ﻭﻴﺘـﺭﺍﻭﺡ‬
‫]‪ . [15‬ﺍﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺴـﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ )‪ (1-1.7‬ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﺒﻔﻌل ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺘﺠﻤـﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘـﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺠﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺴـﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫)‪ (r=0.36‬ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ )‪ (3-4.3‬ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺴﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‪ .‬ﺃﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ‬
‫ـﺔ‬
‫ـﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴـ‬ ‫ﺘـﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺴـﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﺁﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﺎﻤـل ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼـﻴل‬
‫ﺘﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻻﺸﻜﺎل) ‪ (8‬ﻭ) ‪ (9‬ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻗﻠﻴل ﺠﺩﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴـﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪ (Al-4.5%Mg‬ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻤـل ﺍﻟﺤـﺭﺍﺭﻱ )‪(convection‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺒﻌﺎﺩ )‪ (r=3.6&4&4.4‬ﺴﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ‪ .‬ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ‪ ,‬ﻤﻨﺘﺼـﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺒﻭﻜﺔ‬ ‫)‪(9‬ﻭ )‪ (10‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ـﺭﻉ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ـﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‪ ,‬ﻋﻨـﺩ ﺴـ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴـﻁﺢ ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻉ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ )‪ (1000,1500‬ﺩﻭﺭﺓ‪/‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ‪,‬‬
‫)‪ (1500,1000‬ﺩﻭﺭﺓ‪ /‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ‪.‬ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ)‪ (Fg‬ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺠـﺩﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺩﺓ )‪ (r=4.4‬ﺴﻡ) ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺜـل‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ)‪ (Fc‬ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ( ﻤﻥ ﺤﺒﻴﺒـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ ﺇﻫﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﺩ)‪ (α‬ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ) ‪(Inter‬‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻤﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﺩ‬
‫‪ Al2Mg3 metallic compound‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﺩ‪.‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬
‫ـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨــﺎﻤﺞ‬‫ـﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒــﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﺴـ‬ ‫ﺤﺠـ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل) ‪(7‬ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺒﻲ )‪ .(S-Image‬ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺍﻥ ﺤﺠـﻡ‬
‫ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﺃﺼﻐﺭ‬ ‫) ‪FC = m × r × ω 2 .......... ..........(9‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺤﺠﻡ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟـﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﻟـﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫) ‪F g = m × g .......... .......... ........(10‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴــﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﻭﻟﺠﻤﻴــﻊ ﺴــﺭﻉ ﺍﻟــﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﻭﺭ)‪(r‬ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟـﻙ ﺇﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻨــﺩ ﺍﺴــﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺴــﺭﻉ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔــﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻲ )‪ (1500,1000,100‬ﺩﻭﺭﺓ‪ /‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺒﻌـﺩ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻤــﺭﻭﺭ ﻓﺘــﺭﺍﺕ ﺯﻤﻨﻴــﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔــﺔ ﻫــﻲ‬
‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) ‪ ،( 6‬ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﻊ‬
‫)‪ (2.5,5,7.5,10,‬ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺠﺩﺍ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺘـﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻤﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻠـﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘـﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠـﺔ ﻋﻨـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻔﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﺴـﺒﺏ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻴﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺴـﻤﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﺠﻤﺩﺓ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺒﺏ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﺫ ﺘﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﺤـﺩﻭﺩ‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪(Al-Mg‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬
‫‪ (10‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻌﻘـﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ‬
‫‪.‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻤﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) ‪.(6‬ﺍﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺴـﺭﻋﺔ ﻗـﺫﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺠﻭﻡ ﺤﺒﻴﺒـﺎﺕ ﺼـﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺘﻠﻙ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻔﺴﺭ ﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺴـﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﺏ ﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﻭﻜﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) ‪.(10‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ ‪Conclusion‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺼﻠﺔ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴـﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻤﺎﻴﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻟﻘﻭﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺴـﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻁـﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ ﻗﻠﻴل ‪ ,‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺴـﺒﺎﻜﺔ‬
‫ـﺔ‬
‫ـﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴـ‬‫ـﺯﻱ ﻋﻠـ‬ ‫ـﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜـ‬ ‫ﺒـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴـﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠـﺔ ﺍﺫ‬
‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻨﻴـﺔ ﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴـﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺤﺠﻭﻡ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﺼﻐﺭ ﻤـﻥ ﺤﺠـﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‬
‫• ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴـﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨـﺎﺭﺠﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴـﻁﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﻟﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺒﻭﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺴـﺒﺏ‬
‫ﺼﻐﺭ ﺤﺠﻡ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺭﺠﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺤﺠﻡ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭﺴـﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟـﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌـﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴـﺩ ﻟﻠﻤﺴـﺒﻭﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺴـﺒﺎﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜـﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺤـﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻴﻊ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻻﻴﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺯﻤﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﺭﻱ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸـﻜل )‬
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‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪2010، 5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺎﻗﺔ ﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺨﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺎﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺨﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ‪.‬ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ )‪ (r=4‬ﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺜـل‬
‫ﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻁـﻭﺭ )‪ (α‬ﺒﺤﺠـﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺠﻭﻡ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨـﺎﺭﺠﻲ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺴﺏ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺭﺴﺏ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﻌﺩ )‪ (r=4.4‬ﺴـﻡ ﻋـﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﻤﻌـﺩل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺩل‬
‫ـﺎﻟﻲ‬‫ـﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘـ‬
‫ـﺩﺓ )‪ (4.4‬ﺴـ‬ ‫ـﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴـﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺤﺠـﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﻫﺫﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﻤـﺔ‬
‫ـﻲ‬‫ـﺢ ﻓـ‬ ‫ـﺎ ﻤﻭﻀـ‬ ‫ـل ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻤـ‬‫ـﻼﺩﺓ ﺃﻗـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل)‪ .(10‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ )‪ (r=3.6‬ﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺠـﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻁﻭﺭ)‪ (α‬ﻭﺘﺘﺭﺴﺏ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻜﺒﻴـﺭﺓ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﺭﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺒﺏ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻲ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴـﺔ ﻟﺘﺠﻤـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﻌﺩ )‪ (3.6‬ﺴﻡ ﻋـﻥ ﻤﺤـﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺘﺠﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻻﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ‬
‫‪ .‬ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ ﺘﻤﺘﻠﻙ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺍﻗل ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﻤﺘﻠـﻙ ﺒﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺤﺒﻴﺒـﺎﺕ ﺼـﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺠـﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﺯﻯ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺼﻐﺭ ﻤﺴـﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤـﺩﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻠل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺨﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺫﻟـﻙ ﻭﻓـﻕ ﻨﻅﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫‪ Pich-Hall‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺸـﻴﺭ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻟـﻙ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺎﺌﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ]‪ ، [16‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻔﺴﺭ ﺍﻻﺨـﺘﻼﻑ‬
 (Al-Mg) ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ‬ 2010، 5‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬،28‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬،‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

difference Newton method", References

Journal of Quantitative
Spectroscopy Radioactive [1]-D.Soares,G.Chrrota, "Advantage
Transfer Korea , Vol . 108 2007 of the centrifugal casting
PP.423-439. technique for the production of
[10] Lewis,R.W. ,Nithiarasu," structural components",
Fundamentals of the Finite Materials &Design,Vol.29,
Element Method for Heat and No.1,2008, pp.20-27
Fluid Flow", John Wiley& Sons, [2]-W.Shouren,G.Peiquan,
Ltd,USA,2004. "Certrifugal precision cast TiAl
[11] -Tracie Lee Durbin," Modeling wheel using ceramic mold",
Dissolution in Aluminum Journal of MaterialsProcessing
Alloys", PhD Thesis, Georgia Tecnology,Vol.204,No.1-
Institute of Technology, USA, 3,2008,pp492-497
2005, PP.15-16. [3]- Joshi,A.M.," Centrifugal
[12] -Mills,K.," Recommended Casting" Indian Institute of
Values of Thermo Physical Technology –Bombay , India,
Properties For Selected 2003.
Commercial Alloys" ,Wood [4]-Bronze,H., "Defining a New
head Ltd, ASM International World Wide Standard of
,2002, PP.19-70. Excellence with Centrifugal
[13]- Properties for Selection Casting" http://www
Nonferrous Alloys and Pure hubcobronze.Com/ Cent cast.
Metal in" Metals HandBook", htm.
Ninth Edition, Volume 2 ", [5]- Bralla,J. , " Design for
USA, 1979. manufacturability" Hand book
[14]Kang,C.G.,Rohatgi,P.K.,Narendr 2th edition, 1999.
anath,C.S.,Cole,G.S., "A [6]- "A Design Study in Centrifugal
solidification Analysis on Steel Casting-Accumulator
Centrifugal Casting of Metal Cylinder", Steel Founders,
Matrix Composites Containing Society of America, 2004.
Graphite Particles ", ISIJ [7]- Holman,J.P.,"Heat Transfer",
International, Vol.34, No.3, , Ninth Edition, McGraw-
1994, PP.247-254. Hill,2002.
[15]‫ﺳ ﻤﯿﺮ ﺧﻠ ﻒ "دراﺳ ﺔ ﺧ ﻮاص اﻟﻤ ﻮاد‬- [8]-Steven,M.,Dalguer, "Comparison
‫ذات أﺳ ﺎس اﻟﻤﻨﯿ ﻮم ﻣﻨﺘﺠ ﺔ‬-‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒ ﺔ‬ of Finite Difference and
‫ﺑﺴ ﺒﺎﻛﺔ اﻟﻄ ﺮد اﻟﻤﺮﻛ ﺰي" اﻃﺮوﺣ ﺔ‬ Boundary Integral Solutions to
‫ ﻗﺴ ﻢ‬, ‫ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌ ﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿ ﺔ‬,‫ﻣﺎﺟﺴ ﺘﯿﺮ‬ Three- Dimensional
.‫ ﺑﻐ ﺪاد‬,‫ اﻟﻌﺮاق‬,‫ھﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﺎج واﻟﻤﻌﺎدن‬ Spontaneous Rupture ",
2005 USA,Vol.110 B12307, 2005.
[16]-Chawla, K., Meyers, A., [9]Kim,K.W.,Baek,S.W," Efficient
"Mechanical Behavior of inverse radiation analysis in a
Materials", Prentice-Hall. Inc., cylindrical geometry using a
1999. combined method of hybrid
genetic algorithm and finite-

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪(Al-Mg‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪2010، 5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫ﺟﺪول) ‪ ( 1‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺨﻮاص اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ ﻟﺴﺒﯿﻜﺔ )‪.[13,12] (Al-4.5%Mg‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪات‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻮاص‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﺰ‬

‫‪kg / m‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2354‬‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫‪ρL‬‬
‫‪kg / m‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2526‬‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫‪ρS‬‬
‫‪W / m.k‬‬ ‫‪63‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫‪kL‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮاري‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫‪W / m.K‬‬ ‫‪139‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫‪kS‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮاري‬
‫ﻟﻠﺼﻠﺐ‬
‫‪J / kg.K‬‬ ‫‪1220‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫‪CpL‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮﻋﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫‪J / kg.K‬‬ ‫‪1190‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫‪CpS‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮﻋﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺼﻠﺐ‬
‫‪°C‬‬ ‫‪633‬‬ ‫درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫‪TL‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫‪°C‬‬ ‫‪542‬‬ ‫درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫‪TS‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬
‫‪J / kg‬‬ ‫‪389000‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‬
‫‪°C‬‬ ‫‪640‬‬ ‫درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫‪ΤP‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪(Al-Mg‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪2010، 5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪( 1‬ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺼﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪ (2‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﺧﻄﻮات اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﻔﺮوﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪(Al-Mg‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪2010، 5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (4‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﺴﺨﯿﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻟﺐ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺪء‬

‫ﺸﻜل)‪ (3‬ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺼﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﺪن ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪(5‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺴﺴﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺴﺒﺎﻛﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي‪.‬‬

‫‪650‬‬ ‫‪650‬‬

‫‪N=100 r.p.m.‬‬ ‫‪Al-4.5%M g‬‬ ‫‪N=1 00 r.p.m.‬‬

‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪N=1000 r.p.m.‬‬
‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪r=0.40 cm‬‬ ‫‪N=1 00 0 r.p.m .‬‬
‫‪N=1500 r.p.m.‬‬ ‫‪N=1 50 0 r.p.m .‬‬

‫‪550‬‬ ‫‪Al-4.5%Mg‬‬
‫‪550‬‬
‫‪r=0.35 cm‬‬

‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬
‫‪Temp. C‬‬

‫‪Temp. C‬‬

‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪450‬‬ ‫‪450‬‬

‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬

‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪Al-‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪Al-4.5%Mg‬‬

‫‪4.5%Mg‬‬ ‫‪r=4.0cm‬‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬

‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪Time Sec‬‬ ‫‪Time Sec‬‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪(Al-Mg‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪2010، 5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫‪650‬‬ ‫‪550‬‬

‫‪Al-4 .5%M g‬‬ ‫‪N=1 00 r.p.m.‬‬

‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪r=0.44 cm‬‬ ‫‪N=1 00 0 r.p.m .‬‬
‫‪N=1 50 0 r.p.m .‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬

‫‪550‬‬

‫‪450‬‬
‫‪500‬‬
‫‪Temp. C‬‬

‫‪Temp. C‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪450‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬

‫‪400‬‬
‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪Al-‬‬
‫‪Al-4.5%Mg‬‬
‫‪Al-4.5%Mg‬‬ ‫‪4.5%Mg‬‬
‫‪r=0.45 cm‬‬
‫‪350‬‬
‫‪r=4.4cm‬‬ ‫‪N=100 r.p.m.‬‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪N=1000 r.p.m.‬‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪N=1500 r.p.m.‬‬

‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪Time Sec‬‬ ‫‪Time Sec‬‬

‫‪c‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ (6‬ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ دوران ﻗﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﻄﺮد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻮﻛﺔ )‪(Al-4.5%Mg‬‬

‫‪700‬‬ ‫‪700‬‬

‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬

‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬

‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫‪Temp. C‬‬

‫‪Temp. C‬‬

‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬

‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫‪AI-4.5%Mg‬‬ ‫‪AI-4.5%Mg‬‬
‫‪N=1500 r.p.m.‬‬ ‫‪N=100 r.p.m.‬‬
‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬

‫‪Time=2.5 Sec‬‬ ‫‪Time=2.5 Sec‬‬

‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪time=5.0 Sec‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪time=5.0 Sec‬‬
‫‪time=7.5 Sec‬‬ ‫‪time=7.5 Sec‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪time=10 Sec‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪time=10 Sec‬‬

‫‪-100‬‬ ‫‪-100‬‬

‫‪0.035‬‬ ‫‪0.04‬‬ ‫‪0.045‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0.055‬‬ ‫‪0.035‬‬ ‫‪0.04‬‬ ‫‪0.045‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪0.055‬‬
‫‪r m‬‬ ‫‪r m‬‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ (7‬اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﺪوران ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻮﻛﺔ)‪(Al-4.5%Mg‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺳﺮﻋﺔ دوران‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ زﻣﻦ ﺗﺠﻤﺪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪(Al-Mg‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪2010، 5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫اﻟﻄﻮر اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫‪α‬‬

‫‪100‬‬
‫‪µm‬‬

‫‪α‬‬

‫اﻟﻄﻮر اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫‪100µm‬‬
‫‪11‬‬

‫اﻟﻄﻮر اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫‪α‬‬
‫‪100µm‬‬
‫‪111‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ) ‪ (8‬اﻟﺒﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﺮﯾﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻮﻛﺔ )‪ (Al-4.5%Mg‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﺪوران ﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ دوران‬
‫)‪ (1000‬دورة ‪ /‬دﻗﯿﻘﺔ‪ : a .‬اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ‪ :b،‬ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻮﻛﺔ ‪: c،‬اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻭﻜﺔ )‪(Al-Mg‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،28‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪2010، 5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬

‫اﻟﻄﻮر اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫‪α‬‬

‫اﻟﻄﻮر اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫‪α‬‬
‫‪100 µm‬‬ ‫‪100 µm‬‬
‫‪111111‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫)‪(a‬‬ ‫)‪(b‬‬

‫‪α‬‬

‫اﻟﻄﻮر اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪100 µm‬‬

‫‪111111‬‬
‫)‪(c‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ) ‪ (9‬اﻟﺒﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﺮﯾﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺒﻮﻛﺔ )‪ (Al-4.5%Mg‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﺪوران‬
‫ﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ دوران )‪ (1500‬دورة ‪ /‬دﻗﯿﻘﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ‪ ، a-‬ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻮﻛﺔ ‪ ، b-‬اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ‪.c-‬‬

‫‪160‬‬
‫‪150‬‬
‫ﺳ ﺮﻋﺔ دوران ‪ 1000‬دورة‪/‬دﻗﯿﻘﺔ‬
‫‪140‬‬ ‫ﺳ ﺮﻋﺔ دوران ‪ 1500‬دورة‪ /‬دﻗﯿﻘﺔ‬

‫‪130‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻼدة ‪HV‬‬

‫‪120‬‬
‫‪110‬‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫‪90‬‬
‫‪80‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫‪60‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3.5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4.5‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﺪوران ﺳ ﻢ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ) ‪ (10‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﺻﻼدة ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻛﺔ )‪ (Al-4.5%Mg‬ﻋﻨﺪ أﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺳﺮع دوران )‪ (1500,1000‬دورة ‪ /‬دﻗﯿﻘﺔ‬

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