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"Analysis of Effectiveness of Quality of Work Life: A Project Report Submitted To Punjab Technical University
"Analysis of Effectiveness of Quality of Work Life: A Project Report Submitted To Punjab Technical University
Life”
A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO
JALANDHAR
AWARD OF DEGREE OF
(MBA DEGREE)
(2009-2011)
IGEF
Project Guide Submitted To
Miss SharanpreetKaurShwetaKhatana
Lect(MBA) 90412265372
ShwetaKhatana
Student(MBA 4th SEM)
DECLARATION
Miss SharanpreetKaurShwetaKhatana
Lect(MBA) Student (MBA 2009-11)
IGEF, AbhipurIGEF, Abhipur
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that ShwetaKhatana has worked on the project entitled “Analysis
of Effectiveness of Quality of Work Life”. This report or any part of it has not
been previously submitted for the award of any other degree or diploma of either
this University or any other University. This Project was done under my guidance
in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of MBA degree. This
bonafide research work is original and her performance and conduct during the
period was satisfactory.
Project Guide
Miss Sharanpreetkaur
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Chapter-1 Introduction to the project
Review of Literature
Chapter 2
Chapter-9 REFERENCES
Chapte-10 Annexure
Chapter 1
Introduction
INTRODUCTION
The organization is the most significant and integral part of administration. Hence, organization
is a form of group activities where people associate consciously and interact with one another
for the attainment of mutually agreed purposes. To a large extent, organizational success and
failure depends upon the good organizational structure and efficient manpower working with it.
The QWL or Quality of Work Life in an organization is essential to the smooth running and the
success of its employees. The Work – Life balance must be maintained effectively to ensure that
all employees are running at their peak potential and free from stress and strain. An
organization’s HR department assumes responsibility for the effective running of the Quality of
Work Life for their employees. Quality of Work Life helps employees to feel secure and like
they’re being thought of and cared for by the organization in which they work.
People are becoming more quality conscious as of their work, the products and the quality of
their work life. Efficiency of each activity depends on the quality of work life of the people.
Quality of work life is not based on particular theory nor does advocate a particular theory
technique for application. Instead quality of work life is concern with the over all climate of
work. Quality of work life will be varying from place to place, industry to industry and culture to
culture.
Good supervision,
Good working condition,
Good pay and benefits,
An interesting, challenging and job.
Decision participation,
Restructuring the nature of the work,
Enhancing the work environment and
Defining the reward structure.
The most important determinant of QWL is career achievement, followed by career satisfaction
and career balance.
. Stress at work is often considered in isolation, wherein it is assessed on the basis that attention
to an individual’s stress management skills or the sources of stress will prove to provide a good
enough basis for effective intervention. Alternatively, job satisfaction may be assessed, so that
action can be taken which will enhance an individual’s performance. Somewhere in all this, there
is often an awareness of the greater context, whereupon the home-work context is considered, for
example, and other factors, such as an individual’s personal characteristics, and the broader
economic or cultural climate, might be seen as relevant. In this context, subjective well-being is
seen as drawing upon both work and non-work aspects of life.
However, more complex models of an individuals experience in the workplace often appear to be
set aside in an endeavour to simplify the process of trying to measuring “stress” or some
similarly apparently discrete entity. It may be, however, that the consideration of the bigger,
more complex picture is essential, if targeted, effective action is to be taken to address quality of
working life or any of its sub-components in such a way as to produce real benefits, be they for
the individual or the organisation.
Quality of working life has been differentiated from the broader concept of quality of life. To
some degree, this may be overly simplistic, as Elizur and Shye,(1990) concluded that quality of
work performance is affected by quality of life as well as quality of working life. However, it
will be argued here that the specific attention to work-related aspects of quality of life is valid.
Whilst quality of life has been more widely studied, quality of working life, remains relatively
unexplored and unexplained. A review of the literature reveals relatively little on quality of
working life. Where quality of working life has been explored, writers differ in their views on
its’ core constituents.
It is argued that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts as regards quality of working Life,
and, therefore, the failure to attend to the bigger picture may lead to the failure of interventions
which tackle only one aspect. A clearer understanding of the inter-relationship of the various
facets of quality of working life offers the opportunity for improved analysis of cause and effect
in the workplace.
This consideration of quality of working Life as the greater context for various factors in the
workplace, such as job satisfaction and stress, may offer opportunity for more cost-effective
interventions in the workplace. The effective targeting of stress reduction, for example, may
otherwise prove a hopeless task for employers pressured to take action to meet governmental
requirements.
Various authors and researchers have proposed models of quality of working life which include a
wide range of factors. Selected models are reviewed below.
Hackman and Oldham (1976) drew attention to what they described as psychological growth
needs as relevant to the consideration of Quality of working life. Several such needs were
identified :
Skill variety,
Task Identity,
Task significance,
Autonomy and
Feedback.
In contrast to such theory based models, Taylor (1979) more pragmatically identified the
essential components of quality of working life as basic extrinsic job factors of wages, hours and
working conditions, and the intrinsic job notions of the nature of the work itself. He suggested
that a number of other aspects could be added, including :
individual power,
employee participation in the management,
fairness and equity,
social support,
use of one’s present skills,
self development,
a meaningful future at work,
social relevance of the work or product,
effect on extra work activities.
Taylor suggested that relevant quality of working life concepts may vary according to
organisation and employee group.
Warr and colleagues (1979) , in an investigation of quality of working life, considered a range of
apparently relevant factors, including :
work involvement,
intrinsic job motivation,
higher order need strength,
perceived intrinsic job characteristics,
job satisfaction,
life satisfaction,
happiness, and
self-rated anxiety.
They discussed a range of correlations derived from their work, such as those between work
involvement and job satisfaction, intrinsic job motivation and job satisfaction, and perceived
intrinsic job characteristics and job satisfaction. In particular, Warr et al. found evidence for a
moderate association between total job satisfaction and total life satisfaction and happiness, with
a less strong, but significant association with self-rated anxiety.
Thus, whilst some authors have emphasised the workplace aspects in quality of working life,
others have identified the relevance of personality factors, psychological well being, and broader
concepts ofhappiness and life satisfaction.
Factors more obviously and directly affecting work have, however, served as the main focus of
attention, as researchers have tried to tease out the important influences on quality of working
life in the workplace.
They defined quality of working life as satisfaction of these key needs through resources,
activities, and outcomes stemming from participation in the workplace. Needs as defined by the
psychologist,Abraham Maslow, were seen as relevant in underpinning this model, covering
health & safety, economic and family, social, esteem, actualisation, knowledge and aesthetics,
although the relevance of non-work aspects is play down as attention is focussed on quality of
work life rather than the broader concept of quality of life.
These attempts at defining quality of working life have included theoretical approaches, lists of
identified factors, correlational analyses, with opinions varying as to whether such definitions
and explanations can be both global, or need to be specific to each work setting.
The distinction made between job satisfaction and dissatisfaction in quality of working life
reflects the influence of job satisfaction theories. Herzberg at al., (1959) used “Hygiene factors”
and “Motivator factors” to distinguish between the separate causes of job satisfaction and job
dissatisfaction. It has been suggested that Motivator factors are intrinsic to the job, that is; job
content, the work itself, responsibility and advancement. The Hygiene factors or dissatisfaction-
avoidance factors include aspects of the job environment such as interpersonal relationships,
salary, working conditions and security. Of these latter, the most common cause of job
dissatisfaction can be company policy and administration, whilst achievement can be the greatest
source of extreme satisfaction.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Quality of work life has been differentiated form the broader concept of quality of work life. To
some degree, this may be overly simplistic, as Elizur and shy, (1990) concluded that quality of
work performance is affected by quality of work life. it will be argued here that the specific
attention to work- related aspects of quality of life is valid.
Baba and Jamal (1991) listed what they described as typical indicators of quality of working life,
including: job satisfaction, job involvement, work role ambiguity, work role conflict, work role
overload, job stress, organizational commitment and turn-over intentions.
Sirgy et al.; (2001) suggested that the key factor in quality of work life are: Need satisfaction
based on job requirements, Need satisfaction based on work environment, Need satisfaction
based on supervisory behaviour, Organization commitment. They defined quality of working life
as satisfaction of these key needs through resources, activities and outcomes stemming from
participation in the work place
Sayeed and Sinha (1984) examined the relationship between QWl, job stress and performance.
The result indicate that higher QWL leads to greater job satisfaction.
Rehman (1984) in his study on the industrial worker of India found that subjects having low
educational background and lower income had better perception of QWL than those having
higher education and higher income.
Haque (1992) in his study found that QWL is positively related to performance and negatively
correlated to absenteeism. But he found no relationship between perceived QWL and workers’
age, education and job experience.
CHAPTER 3
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This research enables to cover the gap identified from the review of literature. That is why a need
was felt to conduct a fresh research in this area.
NHPC is a schedule ‘A’ enterprise of the government of India. With an authorized share capital
of Rs. 15,000 crore and an investment base of about Rs. 36,520 crore. NHPC is ranked as a
premier organization in the country for development of hydropower. NHPC is among the TOP
TEN companies in the country in terms of investment. Acredited with ISO-9001:2000
&ISO-14001:2004 certificates for its quality system & environment concerns. NHPC
Corporate office is in FARIDABAD .So far, NHPC has completed 13projects with a total
installed capacity of 5175 MW which includes 1000MW.Indira Sagar project &520 MW
Omkareshwar project
Development of vast hydro potential at faster pace and optimum cost eliminating time
and cost over-run.
Ensure maximum utilization of installed capacity and help in better system stability
Generation of sufficient internal resources for expansion and setting up new projects.
PROJECTS OF NHPC IN INDIA
3) POWER GENERATION:
Power generation from NHPC Power Stations is steadily increasing year after year.
During the financial year 2008-2009, NHPC power stations achieved the highest generation
6) Environment Protection
Major Thrust Areas
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Socio –Economic Studies
Study of aquatic ecosystem
Water quality studies
Compensatory Deforestation
7) Information Technology & communication:
IT infrastructure has been setup in more than 35 locations of NHPC across the country.
All the locations are connected to corporate office & between themselves through multi-mode,
fail safe communication system to provide voice, fax data &video conferencing services.
To improve the quality of life of the workforce, the company has taken initiative like:
Creating of Herbal Parks
Butterfly Parks
Catchment’s Area Treatment
Fisheries management
Large Scale Afforestation
9) HUMAN RESOURCE
NHPC follows “People First Approach” to leverage the potential of its about 12500 employees to
fulfill its business plans.
The corporation has the largest skilled manpower in the country.
Total:- 5175
Total 4622MW
Total:- 9981MW
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AN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Development takes place only when an individual perceives a gap between what he
should do or what he would like to do & what he actually does.
The strength of any organization is its people. If people are attended to properly by
recognizing their talents, developing their capabilities & utilizing them
appropriately, organization are likely to be dynamic & grow.
Training Programs which are conducted for the welfare of the employees in NHPC are:
General Manager E8
Chief Engineer/Chief E7
Senior Manager E6
FEATURES
Location
Executive Cadre Manager E5
DisttChamba in
Deputy Manager E4
H.P.
Assistant Manager E3
Approach
Engineer/Officer/TE/TO E2/E2A
nearest Rail
Asstt. Engr. /Asstt. Officer E1 Head
Supervisory Cadre Sr.SupervisorSpl S4 Pathankot
Chandigarh.
Year of commissioning March 2004
MANPOWER IN CPS-II
NO. OF EXECUTIVES - 73
NO. OF SUPERVISORS - 53
Executives
Non- Exeutives
Supervisors
Accommodation Available for Employees
A Type 104
B Type 156
B Special 36
C Type 26
D Type 8
D Special 1
Total:- 331
PRESIDENT
VICE PRESIDENT
GER SECRETERY
JOINT SECRETARY
WORKERS
OBJECTIVES:
For better quality of work life, organization Provided better facilities & amenities for their
families so that they can do their job tension free &smoothly . Healthy & conducive working
conditions at work place increase the morale of workers & they can take keen interest to their work
which is necessary for increasing the productivity & reduces absenteeism & turnover in employees.
The management have been enduring to improve the basic needs & facilities of the employees.
The principal Act to provide for various labour welfare measures in India is the Factory Act
contains-
In Offices & work site effective arrangement has been made to provide safe & pure drinking water
In offices & work site latrines & Urinals have been constructed separately for male & female and
are adequately lighted, ventilated and at all times maintained in a clean and sanitary conditions.
(c) Ambulance
Ambulance has been provided at work site & it is kept for Conveyance for persons who suffers
bodily injury or become ill. There are three ambulances for safety purposes.
There is shift working at place of work. Workers shall be liable to work in any shift.
Every workmen shall be entitled to grant of weekly off in accordance with provisions of the Factories Act.
( F ) Uniform / Liveries
All workmen and supervisors are entitled to uniforms both for summer and winter as per laid
down norms.
(I) Canteen/mess
There is a canteen/mess at office site & field hostel provided by the management and the
same are run by the contractors providing tea, lunch to the employees.
Canteen-1,
Mess-1, in office.
(A) Housing-: Housing is the primary heed of a man. In Chamera, stage-ii, project the housing
building is in Karian, Chamba. But some employees of Chamera stage-III lived in Karian,
Chamba. NHPC provided housing facilities to employees, water and electric supply to houses
and fans to each house.
(B) Field Hostel-: In Chamera stage-ii, project hostel facility is available in Karian, Chamba.
There is 40 single rooms in the hostel.
(C) Education-: Education is the most important part of the life. So that NHPC have been
provided the school facility. In Karian, Chamba. NHPC provided KendriyaVidyalayaUpto class
XII. The building funds and residential accommodation has been provided by NHPC.
(D) Hospital and Dispensaries-: NHPC has provided the hospital and dispensaries to all the
employees. At the work site, there is a hospital who provides first aid facility and tere is only one
doctor. But in Karian, Chamba, There is the main hospital. There are three doctors including
Lady Doctor. Head of the hospital is Senior Chief Medical Officer. Under his control Para
medical staff are working.
Swipper :2
Helpers :6
Dresser :1
Pharmacist :3
Staff Nurse :1
Lab technician :1
X-Ray technician :1
This Hospital has total 10 nos. of beds.
1) Operation Theater
X-Ray Room
Laboratory
Special ward
Separate Ladies & Gents wards
Maternity ward
E.C.G. and Ultrasound Room
Labour Room
Isolation Room
(E) Leave Travel Concession ( LTC )-: An employee can enjoy LTC to Home town or any other
place in India limited to1800 K.M. each way, once in a block of two years. Total expenditure in
air, rail, bus, taxi fare is reimbursed.
(F) Transport facilities-: A Project bus has been provided to every worker to working place and
from working place to colony. Project buses are provided to employee & its family from colonies
to station& station to colonies.
(G) National / Festival Holidays-: 17 days are declared as holidays. The holidays are given to all
the employees while including 3 National holidays i.e. Independence Day, Republic day, Gandhi
Jayanti.
(J) Provident Fund-: All employees in this project receives the benefit of P.F.@ 12% of the pay
and equal employer contribution.
Contact for this project report
Call at 09855017625