sna in the 9.@ Complete the sentences by filling 1? a blanks and explain those statements : . rophyta. (Angiosperms, gymnosperms, spores, bryophyta thallophyta, zygote) *q) plants have soft and fibre like body. FQ) oo. is called the ‘amphibian’ of the plant kingdom, *(3) In pteridophytes, asexual reproduction occurs by *(4) Male and female flowers of .. different sporophylls of the s: Ans, (1) Thallophyta. Reason : Thallophyta includes algae which have soft and fibre like body. (2) Bryophyta. Reason : Plants belonging to Bryophyta grow on are borne on me plant moist soil, but need water for reproduction Since they share two habitats, such as soil and water, they are called amphibians (3) Spores. Reason : Pteridophytes reproduce by spores, which are formed along the posterior or back surtace of the leaves. (1) Gymnosperms. Reasons : Only in gymnosperms male and female flowers are borne on different sporophylis of the same plant. a G G aplants have soft and fibrelike body Thallophyta: These Plants grow mainly in water Le. fresh water as well as in saline water therefore they usually have a soft and fibre- like (filamentous) body. is called the ‘amphibian’ of the plant kingdom. Bryophyta: They grow in moist soil but need water for reproduction. Therefore they are aalled ‘amphibians of plant kingdom’. In pteridophytes, asexual reproduction occurs by formation and sexual reproduction occurs by formula. Spore, zygote: Pteridophyta plants show alteration of generation. One generation teproduces by spore-formation and the next Reneration reproduces sexually by zygote formation Male and female flowers of are borne on different sporophylls of the same plant. Gymnosperms: As these plants do not take the assistance of pollinators i.e, vectors. The male and female flowers are present on the different sporophyll of the same plant for Successful fertilisation.(7) (9) (10) (11) Ans. VS ———————— (B) Fill in the blanks: The five kingdom classification was proposed Tn 1883, eee dassified plants in two subkingdoms. Various types of fungi like yeasts and moulds are included in the group wr" Bryophytes have root-like structure called p of spores _ reproduce with the hel 7 surface of formed along the back or posterior their leaves. In commun the reproductive organs cannot be seen. ...are mostly evergreen, woody. Gymnosperms bear male and female flowers on different............... of the same plant. perennial and IM cacusn. the seeds are not enclosed by fruits. It mnsenune, the seeds are covered by fruits. The plants whose seeds cannot be divided into equal parts are called cen + (1) Robert Whittaker (2) Eichler (3) thallophyta (4) rhizoids (5) Pteridophyta (6) Cryptogams (7) Gymmosperms (8) sporophylls (9) gymnosperms (10) angiosperms (11) monocotyledonstoe ay ® Om Ww wo (6) (s) ), (10) Ans. {OP Rewrite the fatlawing atatenmente FY loctinng he faye Ringette fasoaig tion 9) by (a) Robert Whittaker (hy Robert bakes (oa Huctites (aby Covats Lato tn dat vlansitieat planbs ante five ub Kir (a) Robert Whittaker (1) Alexander Hovis (0) Lichte () Retwrt Hooke Ulothis alva, sae ea by hay os aston owl yt vosnny Lohennagy (ee (@) Bryophyta (hy Huallophy ta (0) Perilophyta (a Gy naspern bua bryophyte (a) Ulva (b) Nephrobspis (e) Funai (1) Fynbetunn Tycopodinin belonpys to (a) thallophyta (hy yophyta (0) pymmonpes (a) pteriatophyta In the we waked (a) Ploridophyta (1) Angipernnn (e) Gymnosperan (iD Heyophytt In the Hower ane reproductive oy (a) Angionperns (by Gyminospieciny (0 Meridophyta (a) Bryophyta Heaven of uhowy reticulate venation (4) Bamboo (b) Hanan (9) Onion ()) Banyan In the flowers are tetramerous or pentanierous (0) Monvcotytedons —— (b) Dice (0) Gymnosperns (a) Pleridup In nionovotyledonous plants, the (0) hollow (0) fabio (ovalive (a) all at then, (1) Kobert Whittaker Q) Lider OY Thallophyta (4) Hunaria (9) plevidophuta 64 Gymmosperns (2) Anginsperme (AY Banyan ( Dicotytedons (10) all of Mhese"02 (A) Mate (1) Thallophyta (2) Bryophyta (3) Peeridophyta (4) Gymnosper (5) Angtosperms Ans, Column 4 (1) Thallophyta (2) Bryophyta (3) Peridophyta (4) Gymnosperms 65) Angiosperms with the de pti Column Sevds formed in fruits natural € covering on weeds Vamaring These plants Moss need vt for reproduction Tis Algae present for conduction of water and food Column | Cohan These plants Algae mainly grow in water These plants need water for reproduction Movs Tissues are present for conduction of water and food Fern No natural covering on seeds © Cyeas Seeds are formed in fruits Tamarind (B) Match the columns; Column ‘A’ (1) Ulva (2) Marsilea (3) Marchantia (4) Thuja Column) (a) Bryophyta (b) Gymnosperm fc) Peridophyta (d) Thallophyta Ans. hd; Qe); Guay 4b) aee) (6) Preridophytes have well developed Fo0%; stems and leaves. _| | Ans, True (7) Pteridophytes reproduce exnnee | : spores formed along the b: jyeopodium | (4) Gymnosperm | surface of their leaves. r “(@)Dicotyledon | &) Peeridophyta th the help of | with the jack or posterior (€) Monocotyledon Tan Qe: Ora) Cb) Ans. True : » odd man outs (8) Nephrolepis belongs to di on Pteridophyta- e i Ans, Tru pth me Nephrolepis, Sargassum Oy ere upon whether seeds are enclosed ys Nepales amines 0 division in fruit or not, phanerogams are classified oe ine the others belong to inormonactsand dots ip fanaria, Marchantia, Anthoceros, Equisetum a Pa ae heer are classified fos Equisetum: It belongs to division pteridephyta into monocots and dicots. ‘whereas the others belong todivision bryophyta, | (10) Gymnosperms are mostly evergreen, Pere iy Nephrolepis, Marsilea, Cycas, Lycopodium and woody. ys, Cycastlt isa gymnosperm whereas others are | Ans. True pieridophyta. (11) Gymnosperms bear male and female flowers | Spirogyra, Riccia, Ulva, Ulothrix | on different sporophylls of different plants. | | gs Riecat It is a bryophyte whereas the others | Ans False, Gymnosperms bear male and female are thallophytes. flowers on different sporophylis of the same I ) Corn, Rice, Wheat, Groundnut plant. vox Groundnut: It is a dicotyledonous plant | 0) In Angiosperms, the seeds are covered by fruits. whereas others are monocotyledonous plants. Ans. True @ Cycas, Pinus, Thuja, Hibiscus (13). Dicotyledonous plants show reticulate venation. los. Hibiscus: [tis an angiosperm whereas rest are Ans. False, Dicotyledonous plants show parallel gymnosperms. venation. Q4. Slatewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue | (14) Moncotyledonous plants have trimerous orfalse and if false, write the correct statement: | flowers. {)) Thallophyta are called as the amphibians of | Ans. True the plant kingdom. (15) In dicotyledonous plants, the stem is strong Ans. False, Thallophyta plants grow mainly in water. and hard. @) Fungi like yeasts and moulds are included in Ans. True division byophyta. Q.5. Complete the analogy: ins False, Fungi like yeasts and moulds are (1) Spirogyra : Thallophyta : : Riecia : included in division thallophyta. @)__ Moss : Bryophyta: Selagincla: 2 a (Funara) belongs to division bryophyts. | (@) Nephyolepis: Pteridophyta: : Ulothrix : (4) Bryophyta have specific tissues for conduction. eee ote ffoed and water (6) Gymnosperms : naked seeds :: Angiosperms : As. False, Bryophyta do not have specialised fo Dien neces ean | tissues for conduction of food and water. ) Plants belonging to Thallophyta group are o only unicellular. Ans, False, Plants belonging to thallophyta group 6) may be unicellular or multicellular. Monocotyledon : Bamboo stem ; Hollow :: Onion Stem: Dicotytedon flower : tetramerous :: | Monocotylendon :© x ®) Monosotytendon Nimtendon stap toot: Digutylivton : Qe 8 in vouro onde: ‘Oo Wate 8 in Your own words: the characteristics ot ee subkingdom Ans. N Pl cas cee eee PN are eae SPaxtuction and produce sends ane calted organs fi) ote antS atter the process of & seeds are tor ted which contain eye and storad tok, During germination o ft is teed embryo, QW) Depending upon wheth in a trait or no in the seed. the stored OF the initial growth of the er Sods are enclosed anerogams ane classified Tnosperms and angiosperms, “@) Write a paragraph in your own words about the ornamental plants called fems, Ans. 4) Fems belong to the group of plants called Preridophyta, Gi) They bh leaves b ¥ well developed roots. stem and so not bear Rowers and fruits (i) They have sepantte food and water ues for conduction of GY) They reproduce with tomead a help of spores jong the back or posterior surface of ir leaves. () They eprod and sowually by zygote formation 8 asewually by spore formation characteristies of the plants ion bryophyta, *G) Write the belonging to div Ans. (@) Bryophyta group of plants are called the amphibians of the plint Kingdom because they grow in moist soil but need water for reproduction. These plants are thalloid, multicellular and th) autotrop! (ii) They repeeduce by sporetormat 2 body structure is # out trae roots, stem and leaves. w) wi wid) a) @ wy Gi w w) “6 SoS gy Instead they’ have sem-like oF leggy and wotlike rhivoids, ike py They donot have spe condditction of food and water, Wisse Examples: Moss (Fiearia), Anthoceny , Rica Collect a Monocot and dicot plant a : inyour area. Observe the plant carefu describe the in scientific language, 2 Monocot Plant: Lily tts seeds cannot be divided into tyy halves, Us roots are fibrous, Us stems hollow: Its loaves show parallel venation, Flowers with 3 parts or in multiples of ty (trimerous) Dicot Plant : Hibiscus Utsseets can be divided into to equal ha Whaswell developed roots. Theresa prima root (ap root) and many secondary rootsan, trom the primary roots, Itsstem is strong and hard, Us leaves show reticulate venation, stlowershastourtotive petals Pentamerous Which criteria are used for the classifcati of plants? Explain with reason, Criteria for classification of plants: Presence or absence of organs, Presence or absence of separate conducting tissues for conduction of water and food. Whether the plants bear seeds or not It they bear seeds, then whether the seeds ae enclosed in a fruit or not. Number of cotyledons in the seeds. Sketch, label the figures of the following plants and explain them in brief: Spirogyra,@) Ans, Q6, *a) Ans. ® Gi) (ii) Gv) *Q) @ Gi) ii) (iv) () *@) Ans. Monocotylendon : tap root : : Dicotyledon : (D) Bryophyta (2) Pteridophyta (3) Thallophyta (4) Rhizoids (5) covered seeds (6) parallel venation (7) disc like (8) trimerous (9) fibrous roots Answer the following in your own words: Write the characteristics of subkingdom phanerogams. Plants which have special structures for Teproduction and produce seeds are called phanerogams. In these plants, after the process of Teproduction, seeds are formed which contain ‘the embryo and stored food. During germination of the seed, the stored food is used for the initial growth of the embryo. Depending upon whether seeds are enclosed in a fruit or not phanerogams are classified into gymnosperms and angiosperms. Write a paragraph in your own words about the ornamental plants called ferns. Fems belong to the group of plants called Pteridophyta They have well developed roots, stem and eaves but do not bear flowers and fruits They have separate tissues for conduction of food and water. They reproduce with the help of spores formed along the back or posterior surface of their leaves. They reproduce asexually by spore formation and sexually by zygote formation. Write the characteristics of the plants belonging to division bryophyta. the Bryophyta group of plants are called t aerphiblins of the plant kingdom because they grow in moist soil but need water for reproduction. ‘These plants are thalloid, multicellular and autotrophic. ‘They reproduce by spore-formation. ‘Their plant body structure is flat, ribbon-like, ong, without true roots, stem and leaves. w) (vi) (vii) “@ Ans, @ (iv) ) @ Gi) (iii) iv) ) 6) Ans. ) @ ‘Ans. caieineainamiinasied ae! Instead they have stemlike or leaf-tike pan, and root-like rhizoids. They do not have specific tissues fo, conduction of food and water. Examples: Moss (Funaria), Anthoceres, Ricca ote Collect a Monocot and dicot plant available in your area, Observe the plant carefully ang describe them in scientific language. Monocot Plant: Lily Its seeds cannot be divided into two equal halves. Its roots are fibrous. Its stem is hollow. Its leaves show parallel venation. Flowers with 3 parts or in multiples of three (trimerous) Dicot Plant : Hibiscus Its seeds can be divided into two equal halves, Ithas well developed roots. There is a primary root (tap root) and many secondary roots atise from the primary roots. Its stem is strong and hard. Its leaves show reticulate venation. Itsflowershas fourto ive petals Pentamerous). Which criteria are used for the classification of plants? Explain with reason, Criteria for classification of plants: Presence or absence of organs. Presence or absence of separate conducting tissues for conduction of water and food. Whether the plants bear seeds or not. If they bear seeds, then whether the seeds are enclosed in a fruit or not. Number of cotyledons in the seeds. + Sketch, label the figures of the following plants and explain them in brief: Spirogyra, Cell wall Nucleus Pyrenoid - Spifal Chara chloroplasts SpirogyraIx ats, for ete. able and qual hree Ives, nary rise Dus). tom of Plants {@_ Spirogyra belongs to the division thallophyta, They are called as algae, {i Iegrows mainly in water, {ia)_ It does not have specific parts like root-stem- leaves-flowers but are autotrophic due to the presence of chlorophyll Gv) The plant body of Spirogyra is soft and fibre: (2) Funaria and Marchantia (Bryophyta) Ans. ae art Tors Rhizoids leat- Rhizoids like parts Funaria Marchantia — Anthoceros () These plants are called ‘amphibians’ of the plant kingdom because they grow mostly in soil and need water for reproduction. (i) They do not have specific tissues for conduction of food and water. (@) Fern (Pteridophytal: leaflets Sporangia in sori onTeaflet Fems |) They have well developed roots, stem and leaves for conduction of food and water. (ii) They do not bear flowers and fruits. Answer in brief: Write the characteristics of Thallophyta. ‘Thallophyta plants grow mainly in water. 103 Gi) This group of plants, which do not have specific parts like rootstem-leaves-flowers but are autotrophic due to the presence of chlorophyll are called algae. Algae show great diversity. They may be unicellular or multicellular and microscopic or larg (iv) Some of these are found in fresh water while some are found in saline water. (¥) Various types of fungi like yeasts and moulds which do not have chlorophyll are also included in this group. (vi) Examples: Spiragyra, Ulothrix, Uloa etc. 2) Write the characteristics of Gymnosperms. Ans. (i) Gymnosperms are mostly evergreen, perennial and woody. (ii) ‘Their stems are without branches. (iii) The leaves form a crown. iv) These plants bear male and female flowers on different sporophylls of the same plant. (v) Seeds of these plants do not have natural coverings, ie, these plants do not form fruits and are therefore called gymnosperms (gmnos: naked, sperms: seeds) (vi) Examples: Cyeas, Picea (christmas tree), Thuja, Pinus (deodar) ete. QI. Distinguish between: (0 Bryophyta and Pteridophyt: | Brophyta | eidophyta | | (1) Bryophytes grow in (1) Pteridophytes grow | | soil but need water in soil. | | | I | for reproduction (2) Plant body is without specific parts like true roots, | stem and leaves. ie Plant body is differentiated into | true roots, stem and. __stem _|__ leaves. | (3) Conducting tissues | (3) Conducting tissues | forfood and water | for food and water |_ present, |(4) Examples: Nephrolepis, Marsile, | Pieris, Adiantum, | | 1 Lycopodium ete. | =| s (Funaria), Marchontia, Antoceros, et.Ta) (2) Anglonperms and Gymnospernns, {—Anploperms | Gymnonperme 11) In Anglonperms, | (1) fn Gyrmmoyperns, Ihestoma have) the sten are branches without branches. | 2) Reproductive (2) Reprodeutive | | organs are flowers, organs are cones: | |) Seeds are enclosed (3) Seeds are nol | invnotural coverings, enclosed in natural | hey fruits | coverings. | (4) Examples: (4) Examples: | | Mango, Bambooete, | Cyen, Picea ete. (3) Cryptogams and Phanrogams, | Cryptogams Phanrogams (1) Their reproductive | (1) Their reporductive organs are hidden, | organs are expos (2) They reproduce by | (2) They reproduce by y y | 'y y | forming seeds. forming, spores (3) ‘They are less |) They are highly | evolved plants, evolved plants, | (4) ‘They are divided | (4) ‘They are divided into thallophyta, into gymnosperms | | bryophyta, and angiosperms. pleridophyla | *(#) Dicots and Monocots. | | Dicots Monocots |Seed | Two cotyledons Single cotyledon [Root | Well developed, Fibrous roots primary root (Tap | | rool) | | f Hollow, e4g, Bamboo) Stem Strong, hard, Banyan tree False, e.g, Banana Disc-like, e.g. Onion. | Leaf | Reticulate venation Parallel venation | Blower | Flowers with 4 or 5 | Flowers with 3 parts | | parts orin their or in multiples of | | multiples three (trimerous). | | (tetramerous or | pentamerous) Q.10, Can you tell! “(1) Which are the special cell organelles that differentiate plant cells from animal cells, Organelles like cell wall and plastids are in plant cell whereas they are absent Ans.Q@.@ Complete the following flow chart. : Kingdom : Plantae Ans. (1) Cryptogams (2) Phanerogams (3) Thallophyta (4) Pteridophyta (5) Angiosperms (6) Moss (7) Dicotyledons (8) Monocotyledons @) (9) Cycas. eg. Sunflower e.g. MaizeSeed Root Stem Leaf Flower Dicotyledonous plants Two cotyledons Monocoty ledonous Single cotyledon Well developed, primary root (Tap root) Fibrous roots Strong, hard. e.g. Banyan tree Hollow, e.g. Bamboo . Banana False, Disc-like, e.g. Onion. Reticulate venation Parallel venation Flowers with 4 or 5 parts or in their multiples Flowers with 3 parts or in multiples of three | (tetramerous or pentamerous) (trimerous)_ MEMORY MAP/ CONCEPT MAP Classification of plants at a glance Kingdom : Plantae ae [em] t : 7 : | ee] eee) | ee cas) Anthoc¢ yeopa Dicotyledons [ Monocotyledons T T