The 2004 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on

Circuits and Systems, December 6-9,2004

THE PHOTOVOLTAIC PUMPING SYSTEM USING A VARIABLE

SPEED SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE
CONTROLLED BY FIELD ORIENTED PRINCIPLE

Varin Vongmanee

Electrical and Energy Technology Research Laboratory

Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering,
The University of The Thai Chamber of Commerce.
126/1 Viphavadee-Rungsit Rd., Dindang, Bangkok 10320, Thailand.
Phone: 662-697600 Ext. 6709, Fax: 662-2754892
Email: vovarin@vahoo.com

ABsrucr researched only three phase induction motor pump, it's

two directions that is V/f constant control and vector
The objective of this paper presents the photovoltaic (PV) control, [5-lo]. But the virtual lift pump system in
water pumping system with a maximum power point Thailand is single phase.
tracking (MF'PT). The water pumping system uses a So, this paper presents the single phase PV water pumping
variable speed single phase induction motor (SPIM)
driven a centifugal pump by a field oriented control system is controlled by field orientation principle. The
(FOC) inverter. The system under study consists of two speed of motor pump is adjusted follow light intensity
sections. First, the MPPT using a DC-DC converter change for extract maximum power all time. This paper is
controlled the duty cycle to track maximum power 60m consisted of 5 sections: I) Introduction, 11) Theory, 111)
PV under different insolation conditions. The duty cycle System design, IV) Experiment and result and V)
directly relate with a flux producing current component Conclusion. The propose system are shown as figure 1.
(Ids). Second, the FOC inverter uses a current control
voltage source inverter (CC-VSI) for SPIM driven the
centifugal pump. The voltage (Vpv) and current (Ipv) of
PV are used as command to control drive system and
changed as torque (Iqs) and flux (Ids) producing current
to control motor's speed which is varies as maximum
power available under different insolation conditions. The
simulation results are shown that the characteristics and
performance of drive system, which varies as each
conditions of light by expressed in voltage (Vdq), current
(Idq), speed of motor and electromagnetic torque. The
propose system can be applied to pumping system, solar
water treatment, irrigation system in agriculture and solar
Figure 1 The propose system.
vehicle etc.
2) Theory
Keyword : Photovoltaic, Maximum power point
tracking, Single phase induction motor, Vector control,
Inverter.
2.1. PV array model
The function of PV is to change solar energy to electrical
1. INTRODUCTION energy electrical energy. The PV has non-linear output
varying as level of solar insolation and temperature,
Thailand is agricultural country. Culture of agriculture is
therefore, the maximum power of PV at each time will be
exportation that is generality economy of export and
based on their conditions. The I-V relationship of PV is
indispensable of agriculture is water. Wellspring for
shown in equation (1)
agriculture has two kinds, underground water and on-
ground, To take water to use, agriculturist need lift pump
system, but majority area is far away kom electricity.
Then the measure that's taken to help them is Photovoltaic
water pumping system. The researches in the past all most

0-7803-8660-4/04/$20.00 02004 IEEE 1185

where I , , I , , I,, is the output current, photon current
and reverse saturation current, q is electric charge of
electron, A is diode quality factor, K is bolmann
constant, T, is operation temperature, R, is series
resistance of cell. I , depend on the solar insolation (1)
and temperature ( T , ) which shows the relationship in
equation (2).

I , = [ I , + K ~ ( T ~ - x ) ] *a-
(2)
100

where Ki is temperature constant when short circuit

current and I , is short circuit current of PV . The
current-voltage-power relationship of the PV are shown
by the I-V and P-V characteristics for different insolation
level in figure 2 where v:$ , v i s ,i:$, i;$, and Ais are the voltage,
current and flux linkage in d-q axis of stator in stationary

t6
I.vlmhnz
-
INSOLATION I-V CHARACTERISTICS
M
m
referent frame, v:,,vir,i:,,ii,,AL, and . I;
, are the
voltage, current and flux linkage in d-q axis of rotor in
stationary referent frame, rs ,r, ,L, ,L , are stator and
rotor resistance and inductance, L, is mutual inductance,
o r is speed of rotor, T, and T, are electromagnetic and
load torque, P and J are number of pole and moment of
inertia of shaft.

3) SYSTEM DESIGN

The field oriented control principle of single phase

Figure 2. The characteristic of PV
in different insolation level
Therefore, the system must have the MPPT system to
keep track maximum power from PV , which is supplied
to drive system. The MPPT system will adjust voltage and
current of PV in order to get to maximum power all time
by controlled the duty cycle of a dc-dc Converter which is
installed between PV and load. The MPPT are not shown
in this paper.
2.2. Dynamic model of single phase induction motor
The dynamic model of single phase induction motor are
used as basic equation which calculated command
equations in controlled single phase induction motor drive
relating with voltage and current of PV. The model was
obtained with and approach similar to that used to obtain
the dq model for asymmetric two phase machine. All
equations are expressed in stationary reference frame.
d The torque is depended on mechanical speed which is
v l -- r , i L (3)
induction motor drive is directly controlled torque(1qs)
and flux(1ds) producing of stator current to good dynamic
respond and high efficiency drive which is related to light
intensity change. The two currents are optimally set for
maximum efficiency operation of the drive system which
is considered as control commands. The power output
from PV array is:
The power and speed characteristics of induction motor
pump can be shown as:
P,, = Po", = K O 3 (14)
where K is pump constant. The torque and speed
characteristics of induction motor pump ,which is square
load, can be shown as:
T = Kw' (15)
determined the electromagnetic torque of induction
motor. From equation (12), it can be shown:

1186

The electromagnetic torque can be determined from
equation (12) and (15) which is expressed as:
where 0, is input signal system control. In field
orientation system, ii, = 0 and i:, = ni, and equation
( I l ) , the electromagnetic torque is shown as:
where n is tum ratio of main winding and auxiliary
winding. So, torque producing current can be shown as:
T*
where T:is depended on speed of pump(0,) and
power(Ppv) from PV arrays.
In field orientation system, the flux producing current
command (ik) is corresponded to the magnetizing
current. The magnetizing curfent ( i , , ) can be
determined by open circuit test of induction motor
equivalent circuit related to voltage value from maximum
power point tracking system which is shown as:
From dynamic model of induction motor, i; can be
determined when known magnetizing current value,
which is shown as:
The slip frequency ( U I )corresponding to efficiency of
drive system is shown as:
1187
The i; and i l are quantity in synchronous rotating
reference frame which is same as dc quantity. So, the flux
angle are need determine for use to change synchronous
rotating reference frame to stationary reference frame
which is shown as:
0, = j ( w I + w,)dt (22)
From all equations are derived. it can be shown in control
block diagram in figure 3
Figure 3. Propose's control system
4) EXPERIMENT AND RESULTS
SIMULINK program is used in simulation to evaluate
the characteristic and performance of the drives system.
The simulation is consisted of three conditions: starting,
step input which same as light intensity increase and step
load. The conditions are simulated closely to the
characteristic of insolation change. In each conditions are
considered for the response of the FOC single phase
induction motor drive system by shown in voltage (Vdq),
current (idq), speed of motor and the electromagnetic
torque (Te).
Figure 4 shown the simulation result when the system are
started. The respond are corrected with the theory of the
FOC principle. That mean, the equations which are
derived from section I11 are corrected. The voltage of Vd
and Vq have differenced angle by 90 degree, resulting to
the motor rotate.
Figure 5 expressed the response of the simulation result
under the both step input command of Vpv and Ipv in
same as the light intensity level change. The maximum
power point is increased. So, the amplitude and frequency
of voltage (vdq) will increase follow step input command,
resulting from the system are increasingly received the
power. The speed of motor will change too.
Figure 6.shown the simulation result under step load
change which same as load of pump is increasingly
changed. The current (Idq) will increase follow step load
too.
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I I
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Figure 4. Vdq, Idq, Speed and electromagnetic torque,Te Figure 6. Step load and Idq
(Starting)
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The author wishes to thank the university of the thai

chamber of commerce for the total expense in the
presentation this paper and the electrical engineering
laboratory for the equipment in experiment.

REF ERENCES

[I]. B.K. Bose, "Power Electronics and Variable

Figure 5. Vdq, Idq, Speed and electromagnetic torque,Te
(Under step input which same as maximum power
increased)
5) CONCLUSIONS
The field oriented control single phase induction motor
drive system supplied by photovoltaic arrays is presented
in this paper. The SIMULINK program is used tool in
simulation for determine the respond of drive system by
closely generated condition with the level of light
intensity change. The simulation result is demonstrated
the respond of drive in voltage (Vdq), current (Idq),
motor's speed and electromagnetic torque which are
changed as step input command and step load. The
conclusion are shown when the light intensity level
change, the voltage and the speed of motor are changed as
well, resulting from the system received the power
increased. As mention, load of motor pump is changed.
The capacity of pump will exactly depend on the speed of
motor change. The propose system can be applied to
pumping system, solar water treatment, and solar vehicle
etc
Frequency Drives", IEEE Press.,1997.
[Z]. D.W. Novotny, T.A. Lipo, "Vector Control and
Dynamics of AC Drives", Clarendon Press
Oxford,1997.
[3]. Chee-Mun-ong, "Dynamic Simulation of Electric
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[4]. S. Singer, "Starting Characteristics of Direct Current
Motors Powered by Solar Cells",IEEE Trans.Energy
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[5]. E. Muljadi," PV Water pumping with a peak-power
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[6].Y. Yao,P. Bustamante,R.S. Ramshaw, "Improvement
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photovoltaic arrays with frequency control",IEEE
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[7]. C.V. Naya, E.Vasu, S.J. Phillips, "Optimised Solar
Water Pumping System Based on An Induction
Motor Driven Centifugal Pump", IEEE, 1993
[8]. M.S. Taha,K. Suresh, "Maximum power point
tracking inverter for photovoltaic source pumping
applications",Power electronics,Drives and Energy
System for Indushial Growth, IEEE, Proc.
International Conference,l995,pp883-886,VolZ.
[9]. W. Lawrance,B. Wichert,D. Langridge, "Simulation
and performance of a photovoltaic pumping system",
Proc. PE & Drive Systems,l995,pp513-518,Vol1.
[IO]. M. Arrouf , P.C Goedel, "Photovoltaic Pumping
System for Induction Machine with Hysteresis Array
Current Control", IEEE, 1996.

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