A Literature Review is a systematic and comprehensive study and analysis of books, scholarly

articles and other written sources relevant to area of study providing a base of knowledge on a
topic. Literature reviews are designed to identify and critique the existing literature on a topic to
justify your research by exposing gaps and identifying key learning points in current research. 
This investigation should provide a description, summary, and critical evaluation of works
related to the research problem and should also add to the overall knowledge of the topic as well
as demonstrating how your research will fit within a larger field of study.         

               A literature review has four main objectives:

 It surveys the literature in your chosen area of study and demonstrates a familiarity with
a body of knowledge and establishes the credibility of your work; survey or
reconnaissance of literature should be focused to be relevant to area of study and based
on your aims and objectives.
 It synthesizes the information in that literature into a summary; Summarizes prior
research and says how your project is linked to it. This gives credibility to your study
how it compares to other similar studies and easily identify new body of information and
areas for further study giving renowned scholars ideas to further the body of knowledge.
 It critically analyzes the information gathered by identifying gaps in current knowledge;
by showing limitations of theories and points of view; and by formulating areas for
further research and reviewing areas of controversy, integrates and summarizes what is
known about a subject.
 It presents he literature in an organised way and demonstrates that you have learnt from
others and that your research is a starting point for new ideas.

             So, let’s think about surveying, synthesizing, critically analyzing and presenting in more
detail. A literature review does the following.

 Identifies gaps in current knowledge.

 Avoids reinventing the wheel – i.e. it saves you wasting time researching something
that’s already been done.
 Allows you to show that you are building on a foundation of existing knowledge and
ideas – i.e. carrying on from where others have already reached.
 Identifies other people working in the same field. Knowing who’s already working in
your area and getting in touch with them can be an invaluable source of knowledge and
support.
 Demonstrates the depth of your knowledge about your research.
 Identifies the important works in your area and shows that you’ve read them.
 Provides an intellectual context for your own work and enables you to position your
project in relation to others in the field.
 Identifies opposing views.
 Puts your own work in perspective – are you doing something completely new, revisiting
an old controversy in the light of new evidence, etc?
 Demonstrates your research skills – i.e. you not only know about work in your area, you
also know how to access it.
  Identifies information and ideas that may be relevant to your project.
 Identifies methods that may be relevant to your project.

              Key points to remember

Here are some things to bear in mind when researching and writing your literature review.

 It is not a descriptive list.

 It is not a book by book and article by article summary.
 It is not a survey of everything that’s ever been written about your topic.
 It must be defined by a guiding concept i.e. essay question, research project or objective.
 It must tell the reader what knowledge and ideas have been established and agreed in
your area and outline their strengths and weaknesses.

References

Bhattacharjee, A., (2012). Social science research: Principles, methods, and practices.
Textbooks                                                    Collection. 3.
http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/oa_textbooks/3 ↵

Boote, D., & Beile, P. (2005). Scholars before researchers: On the centrality of the dissertation
literature review                  in research preparation. Educational Researcher 34(6), 3-15. ↵

Houser, J., (2018). Nursing research reading, using, and creating evidence (4th ed.) Burlington,
MA: Jones &                          Bartlett. ↵

Machi, L., & McEvoy, B. (2012). The literature review: Six steps to success (2nd ed). Thousand 
Oaks,   CA:                                Corwin. ↵

O’Gorman, K., & MacIntosh, R. (2015). Research methods for business & management: A 
guide to writing your                    dissertation (2nd ed.). Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers. ↵