a “peg prrey System If of thean Eyatians- _Unit-5 ON + One ayy 2 +4, b ROO Tisea a ae = ~t+Oenan by ia ae mm tne a +4, = iat, be AX=@ oy On Oe ae | oe ae by ies Mn {fee ] | by hee alee nr see tine teh 3 ei One Die 8 Ain ob, Aye [OP 2% an: by fee ra Qin Ang ~- - Anns bon ! n-— Unigur Aol” < Tf fla) = fA) nN Infinite many 40]” Tf Pl FPA) > Inconsistant ol” Tyee of methods 3- le Direct _methool !- In dlivect methocls we have ee fin fle ruben of SHePS + 3x Ferative method i- Here we start ae : ; a Proprove the Ad. ee : a ee ae ocr Lv _FactooiZeOh + ee ee in the ee 4 Foam minrs of A pl ron singul. A-tu fia fa an ley 40 dy $2, oe petbs [a |Method ¢- C factovizatian Method ) Lu Decompositian (Triongdenizatian Maths AzLU Oy Ae As Bit 10s. un We Us Oe Gee ex | = }Ae Ly 0 [: Us Ues ( G3 ge M33. lig) = esta], O oO Ua. $ Ax= 8 -LUX =8 dat UNat7 143) LEB 14 When we choose Je= 1, the method is Called te Doolittle ?4 method. 2+ When we chose Ui =1, the method called the Coout’4 method Quy. 3- Axty4+z =o 3x 424 437 = 18 aH +4y + 92 = 16 or Solve this problem by TAO. Decomposthan. mah Sol? ?- + f-77T ® lo Rees | = | 1 Yu oI iz 16 1 A=LU a1 1 0 off un We Ws Ve a ga =] a cal ’ to ’ oes [3 ! elf: Neale ed Vaya tal tee AX=8 LU = det UKs = EB 5 ie 2Or 10 [:] li 2 3 Ors zg ah ules. : a ] Zs is] Z = 105 Te ens es alo Now , ux =z ba Uss = -2 Ye ° 1 Yq - NrHaaal atoe Apply Graut 4 method ( Ap soe th — qpation : factozizatian Matud)~ © gutty tz =4 antsy tz = 3 aatuge z= V ax= 8 Eee ue wae * Pelee o a alg foie ee dell oe Balls : 1 Lu=A The Oe (ou ues a fy 8 || 1 alae 3! ise as Jas JLo ° i Fee cn fy Yar by des ha fain tee Halls +23 = 2 ‘ p 31 Pees “pause rtaettes +298 eee RaeGe oes is Ja = ai quae? Lara + Seles = 1 4 a Soins ABA 2 Layla +t dae Yes +39) sto 9 on solving au we gt ne 3 nes te, . , 3 = fF get a A 3e = s ae lus 2- "Ys Ayes 2 Jaa = -a. elements we 7 AIRE u 3 3p=4. 9 p= is e+ Sq 25 9 q- us ap+eg-Bn =9 9 92-5 Nee ry %s x Ys 4 -».)[3) Sie Se 1 z Ea ge. aateg+Ie=3 elle ie Tee co ya ae| Lapeer -> Gauss - Seidel THevative Method ov Method of ee Successive Displacements = ° mn 2 linear €9's Consider a system of fmulaneous | 4 N Unknowns a On) + Oig%y + — -- -- + Aim%n = by Oe1% + Qeexe + - = - a= Aen % e be ; t ‘ ‘ \ \ \ \ Onim) + Orem + - Or = bna [hie Guam are = 3 ~ dn] ’ ! ocak Tae = 1 — AgsXa- - Qe Le Qee [bs ase ' ; "i ' ' ' % eal [bn ~ ni — Anexe— - =~ ---Oneny Xr ] © Onn 4 for fsst ae ) ‘ Nee oe Cb - Qs xe LeQems ee = Oy” ] xe” ! © o t= = [be - dem! — 923%s ~ - = Aen) Gee f , , ' ; ' 0 ere AG oe [bn ie ay) se Ons Xe — = Anen sym Sas for Seconal approximation ae ee oo w 0. oe a [by - le - Us%- 2. = dpping 1 to ce w e ats an [be -ae 21 * ea So Aenea) ‘ Ww ae 0 Bn ere [ib Gh Sneha a el A ian 3- ont proxirn a or er f Sy Gee pg y= a Ht Chu - Gate = as or Te [be - dey Xt BO pigs oe ‘ \ (ey (ne) ol Le Cn = Oni Ginrer”™ - oea @ © ce usia pas By sing Gauss Seider HHenalive ipetieg golve QA 4UY $2 2-17 % ey 62 = 14 X46 Per i: . a ie act four iHtevatians. a H = 5 (-17-4y-2) \ | ve $tu-2) ' zeae | ht NM) \ first approxtmatian 3 - dt yoo = z | © | wo = -42 = -1-8888 | Now , x =-1888 » 2=%, y® = o-gals Agpin , ea oe > Y = 0 98ls | 2 2 -29153 Second appreximatian ce ees p-19-4 Gere ee Seo x ey) = Loy i) 0999) ! eu) e teat aya) = west aoximatian + - Thisd = OPP eye i999 y = 0 5999 i gt) 2-2. 9993fowrth appaoximatian o- x = ~}-9999 2-2 y? = 09999 1 2! 2 39,9999 = -3. Honce after foun Herabians, we ahta, Mee) Yo ce ES:| yt ena “ut See A gee iS J fo Be (oe Ubic oF biguadvatte: ie expressian than sui, fermnulae i | for expressing thé iis But tohon FO 48 % ox an expression pe nomial — of Adghon d tal aa 29: 14 Osx 73, ge aailable involving ctranscen alana Gsh™ - etc): algebraic gastos te not auail- -able- Aare. numerteal , methods So we a pr the — Aolutian of eee a Math.1) Trdowsal halite Gane Oe whene foo 4Newton ~ “Raphson Mathod 4~ Equation of danger a (He, fH) Y= fle) = fim) (%-%) an x-axis, Yoo , xe % O-f lm) = f\(ne) (%)-H0) oy et ee de fis) a m2 He fees ED oh. TE xm axmth’ exact sol? Aun flP) =0, “flte+h =0 & Taylor? Sete , fim) + afin ie Ae gle) Seen ge Taken & as Aimall as possible : fl%) + hflo) <0 Fo fu) fm) ° N= Mth ee tle) su - Gar4 FR ss 3 kee Neal — nogt of th. eguctian x=€ ng erton - Rephson method * Fgort— sol We have foo = xe% ten $= Cae dé met thn By” Neston - Riphson meattod faa oo J) a (4 = 0+6839397 te Now fim) - 0.365534e4 $5 = SB BSNL ‘ 4(m). See ae Se iat rs Spe) 61355344 = 0-6839391 — FZ aqq0l8 Sr S17 48.H8 abtain : in hin og Pe Paoceeoling ps : : yg 20: 567191 and ay 2 0156 NSS comet Fo pee oe ce, tht decimal oeNumesical Intepntian o Ha seth surth Neston - Cotes — fowrula_3- We have, Newton 4 forward st 1) pty, WlU=1DlU=2) pi yee UAE 3 ; oliffeunce formule o ; t t } | yoo = ye tua) = y+ usy + n oe pay Bob anh iat cj wohens 4 - * anh en xornh = foo ae = pats dx. [ 4 dx | ‘ sateapolating polynomial of dlegret saneve WO) eee seen Os Poon dink 2°keh adie canoe ys 4 MO 3y |TTrapezoidal Rule s- By pubting qed ia cone gpadvecton frmule., 4 eo - fonds = + [rw eer] [ied wil chee eel = hyd) 2 am vt aetnh { fo dx" = J Foo dx x noth aetth xomh 2 | goods + [ fordat ---# J fork. e mah Harin-hy 2 Rey + POO + +A Qh) 440], Tyan dash (Utd FACIE 2 Xe Thh iy known & trapezoidal sue. Geomebical _fnkeapretation. ’ CGeomebcal tnterpretatian of trapezoidal “aad ae| Simpson’ 4 Qne-thivd Rule s— a | if putting n=a in Newton- Gtes gquackradtote fpr " es vince then forms [dod = [e+ day (4-3) 0%) ie shan + 2Cy-yy 44 Wve ay tI =a a¥e+ ty, +34) = a (de 449, 4 de) Similody , “yon de = Aer node [ x fe “yoo de eB Cline t ia 8) x wego last inkegral will be Ty Oe [odode = Bnet? s af fos [yodee a fon dx oo (Yat V4 ¥e) + BUWt WH HID + 4B (erat) * a [Ude+d ) 42 (dat detder- IF 4 Cait da + ADJ 2 ok sum of fist & last osdinates 42( SW of swrinid’ { qed = ae ordinds +4(sum of odd ordinals] Bm known —dimpson's Gna ~ thivel sue. |Simpson’ As Thee - eights Rule > | Pasting nes dn Newton - Cotes formula , we hay | [foode = [aus dons F(A ates 2H e149) | x = h [34+ 3 C4,- te) +E (Ye, 496) +2 (4-34, { z | a! | = Sh (yo4 9d 34) +40) on ba multiple of 3, thin + nh Xot3h Xo+6h Hotnh (0 dx = / FOO dx i food zal HOM say 5h oo ds. % . Hot (n-3)4 = 3h = Ft Llie+34 +34. 495) +934 BYy 4 BY 54 9Q)4 + Cha +3Y,. = ; a8 VY) ! Flodx - SRL C+ 46) 43 Cy, Fdet Wt Yer. 4elystyt dat--.7 Ths Called — Simpson 4 Hue - eight sult Bee Taba when. i pe which a app on [ee Bh. 8,-}. $= Usts 7 ) e a abc Rule on fmegration , be sh dx. ? Mo. } lw lk hoe 4 ? Pe x 4 0 ) 2 g ee 3 er a ee ee + + ay Ss 6 7 be ee eee is by Fraperoidal rule , | pies che = BLCdet Ye) HC 4 Ge" yaar Hh ey les dyae(gas 48S ca(gesles 297] pa[ ree tl ed Lines 4240-4) ed [ 4-012 J ae Q.02)4 x by Simgion'2 Yy Rule 3 [me gra eee ES ae 0+@ suede eG Se oe Sp yite See 1066 eit pon] = ee‘ 4 \ saipsen ” i dy 14x K Yoy\, ule 5 ah Eegeraey'9 alge We ds) seyy] go9e Std) 2, Lor7 eaeVguacht- Using dhe trapezoidal guile, evaluate fit? — from follasing table SEE EEA Sea soe PASO led a tp, UN AVE Geb ee es VAS SB os ize Ges 836 (LORS EIGEN SESE eee iin Hee Azo by troperoidal gue, we have ’ Jf deodn = AL csum of first lat aadinete)+ ae Alsum of the sumaining erdlinats)) ee 28 [ Ungaeit-vs) +8 (158+ 203 +432 46°25 + 8-36 + 10:23) = 0-1 [ 13°68 + 2(34-779) = 7988 [Pikes find dhe diane ba sere: Fan te ee Pig ore ult) of an electie ie until stops ab the » af ter teauing ane sta ants suile: | next station Avery Se \ T 33] 393 [ 4 | 4 {36} IS; ° ’ ' ' , ' , b b bd wimikjn)| o | # (min) o joseS - uw | If s be the dlistance muoned sin. et MPA), sp Si | 4 & ¢ ge [ude =F [eyery) 2 do tdetad tli, Ys+I0)J = &5 [(oro) +4(é + B)ru(2 ate, 2 +z) 25 ¢( 24) + ((24)) = 18 miles, te dlistance Olt two © Plance stations uh I [Pa miles. | Quy-31- A siver bb 80 mebes olde. The aepin | oSepeiereunuah epg te cue ot cel aurane | from tte — bank di given by Hu follewing tabe: | 2 det Wag Noga ds de hn approninalely ‘te maa.» of .. CaDss - section % Find tu siver using Simpson "4 (3/5) 7 sue. sett & Simpson's (48) yule , cross section of the suven Te aun of = Ae fiodxATi od — a x " Hed + 85 4 Ge rGordetynd + L1H IS *? [ (+3) 4 3(Y474dtisag) +2094] =P [34isa+ug] - 30 (181) = Tol. as squane mehes : sol «sy. md Lepper) Henee th wua of Coss section of the suiver A Tol 3g. mehes. (approx. ), ett alee [bir ty wy Seni” + Heree — abtain c aang of om olivioling the 109° seh ee ve sit We — cliuide eee mee ie 6 egal pars SY 7 fhe valu of ge c han 2 ak A Now , i Ps y 6 Uo/g red ogg 99 0-8 969831 o-sgols oS : ‘ 4 Ye A Ys a Me ay Simpson "4 fq sue - : 4 wt AULA Dt J 1 ae - AL (aay + eCbe ie eo had zs + [pet $0 4 2dr be) + Lae B49] t a (C14 5) £.2( 0-9 +0:64231) ee wiles 91997 B ae 40-8 + 0-5 9018) J Ha an 539667 BE leer tees itey 4sos2) stir) eel) ue Liq3nyy = 0°78539667Differurtial fans ¢— fizst oxder ovdinony diffeartial gph os gi = fl 9) sth: Grew Initial condition yl) = de Tritial — valu. ond. baund. _ value a0 blem $- Pol condilians aie specifi _ Problems ne coltch aul the eh Nae sotheninftil.. paint aay oe ae fila | vabue problery. Ya | Sh Biome invalry ‘secand'” tnd Higher . 0 ow differential equatians ,» in which «tha. agent ee ot two ov more points are * specific . ne i called boundary value problem. alate i AaaEuley’4 Method 3— SS Consider a oltttesentral equactian. ; a = F0GY) 4 yim <4 The ee of the Tangent i ae ae Pees) a J dy Y- Ye ae, (x-x0) = $60, Ye) 0-2) Jy Gog 2 oe ee for fisst approximation , ee ee ae| ys ye t AF Ory) Now fpr next inewal , ye = ead an || fo, in general » FL epg ua eae at, Yoo =n t hf Cem da) calle - Euler’ efovrula aoe the ditt | ea | Quy-1 t- Using Euler? 5 method i equatian in fifth sleps + iS fs h=o ay hy) y yo) = 0 choosing org gol Here , ot ouly Se. FRI Oe fi) 20) Sy are Ver oy A= Od ey Fuler 4 method, Yar = do + Af (Yo) YW = Yet hflaeted = Yor h (rtd) 4 = OF O8(040) =O Xt, -Moth = OFA HOR’ Lye 4 Hilt y) = Yr tAlu+y) = 0 + 0 8(O8+0) = Oroy He 2 th = 04 Ys = Wet APs, Ye = oe Hh ue +92) oh oO OY + Ok COU O04) +128 ownAe) yor) inibiod «Tabs antg pee SHAE. ay fy ey? Tabig Azo, ar¥ a = ley" ; ye ‘ dx 1 Yl ey find using balers Ly =o, Joel we Bbtain yy Euler's muthod , Ones = by + hf er) d= de +h fltes de) Ye Ylon) = 1 + lon 4H Spa ud ase Ayn, Ya edt hf Ya = yor?) = parlor G+4rd ylore) = ha + (on md = rosa yin : Yao des Aflts 4) = sya FteD CFO) ; Ya = Ylo-3) = uy 4 Cort) C1 + 085126] Huy + 0 3685126 Y(o-3)= 101525136 yin Yur ys + hf 0, 9s) Wy you 211525136 + (0-1) C14 C152 51367") = 167525136 + 0407130398 = 2159643 9418 on if fpzod, se, y =e + hf orto) ylow= | 40-2) (4D = hy Yo = Wt hflart) ‘glo.4) = poy a (o-2) (14 U4] = 1442g~ viteee ue fuinth Cedex Runge ~ kata ae Consider a diiffewntial eyation a - fOuy) tworlh the — tnilial conditian yeas ye Fisst tmererett, fh oy for Ho Ist frlexval Con ke campute by , ! by =f Uhrakes ta tohene, Ki = hf erded 5 = tf (w3s yr) Ye. at (w+ hs Yor 2) ae pd (ur? yo + Ka) Ai tnd interval,Ay = F (Kit 2Ke + wks + Ky) ke caf (rt Bo tS), vohere, k, = Af (%90 K3 oh (m2 94+ 8), Ks a hf (mth, y, + Ka) anal silarly cope cael -pmeee p. next fnteavals. Tus method 7) hata. ae Rarye- 4 nuthod. Apply Runge ~ Kata muthod of fourth do si solve + pdt = olay’ | yids tee he frlewval 0 x5 0-2 Ques -1_3- ovdey taka] ¢ he ot pate he ft = 53 Bt et Cdl ae pene , fap PO Bis Ae Og y. =! puta — method » - 4 we ee)" w= pflts yo) gies flat h, gor) lof (aos, [ol = a= hf Gordy yt = (on) f (0-05 ph ole* = 003046) voit 26) a owKy = hd (ath, Yorks) = (0-1) flo, roxo4sl) = (01) flows (rovongiy® on fe at = 01021027 & Z Mm Hs Hy = dot Be Mei user Bla ates tks + ky) (0020461) + =\4 + [o-o249 (0-020 4S8) ae (o-oaiort) ] = 1+0:020476 = Jot 0476 Now, 21 = oF OF =o Soe oreue nae! conn’ 4 (4 02076)° 5 gear [ = p-0aloe7 ee apcerg wr#) Sp puolse eae enopealed | eng atk ye | ae BE gus pusussal ve” See een ey ay ky = ff Cat he HS ASH spa : as Bip) flees yoy 2/92? mk: = pote st4 2 +9 Yea’ = dou cireiesloal pa (or 08lT09) + = 02 0476 +% pizovoti? 3s) 4 DORR sey) poy dele, pitta in NeeDy ) wl que-2t- And du valut of yCs- 4) using Runge ~ Killa method ef fouth order 5 given hat “Gh. ya xy YD 241-0, take A= oof. Sis Hee, = fs = ry. ely eee 4 hee k= bflm,y.) = 082 ke = Af (meh pyr) = 0-10894 ks hflee B poke) 20709687 ky eo Af (eh, oe) = Oa? dy = £ (ky + aks 4 2Ks ky) = 01104446 Yrs ye tay = 1 10guas Hy 2% th =1'08 Rie Af usw) = o-NngT9d cecene (med, we B) = onpaies ae (mr, yaks) = o-13ee Ka = hf Cth, eka) = 0° 145985 Ay = E(k + 2Ks + 8Ks +Ky) = O'10?0) Ye = Yroy =bv4lseg a rat sina fot ite a the strusttarsous 9: a = f,@%y” eB = $,(% 42) aa 2%) =26 | Bet y(%) = de Nooo stenting fram (Her pie). te and Zz. fnerements dy ond