98-Pel-BS, December 2015 National Exams December 2015 98-Pet-B5, Well Testing Shours duration NOTES: % If doubt exists as to the interpretation of any question, the candidate is urged to submit with the answer paper, a clear statement of any assumptions made. ‘This is aCLOSED BOOK exam. Any non-communicating calculator is permitted, FIVE (5) questions constitute a complete exam paper. The first five questions as they appear in the answer book will be marked. All questions are of equal value unless otherwise stated and all parts in a multipart question have equal weight. Clarity and organization of your answers are important, clearly explain your logic. Pay close attention to units, some questions involve oilfield units, and these should be answered in the field units. Questions that are set in other units should be answered in the corresponding units. ‘A formula sheet is provided at the end of questions Page 101998-Pet-B5, December 2015, Question 1 (20 Marks) Explain (briefly in one or two sentences or a simple equation) the following concepts a) Finite acting reservoir b) Extended flow test ©) Pseudo radial flow 4) Partial penetration ©) Pressure derivative analysis £) Gas pseudo pressure 8) Dual porosity storativity ratio ‘hy Interference test i) Type curves i) Stimulation Question 2 (20 Marks) An oil well in a reservoir with the following production data given in the following starts production. Determine the time required for the reservoir to become finite acting (or the time to reach pseudo steady-state) and calculate bottom hole flowing pressure after | hour and after 15 days of production. External radius, re=1452 ft Wellbore radius, re= 0.25 ft, Total compressibility, cr =5x10° psi, Oil viscosity, wo= 2 cP, Porosity, = 0.3 Permeability, k = 250 mD, Formation thickness, h = 20 ft, Oil formation volume factor, Bo = Initial pressure, p; = 3000 psia, Production rate, q=500 STBD. 2 bb/STB, Question 3 (20 Marks) A drawdown test has been conducted in an oil well and the following pressure data has been collected during the test. Estimate formation permeability and skin factor from the test data using he following reservoir and fluid properties. The required chart is provided in the following, 1¢ (hours) Pressure (psia) Flow rate, q = 1000 STBD, Formation thickness, h = 32 ft, 03 2775 Formation volume factor, Bo = 1.333 bbl/STB, 07 2369.2 Initial reservoir pressure, pi = 2500 psia, 2 2358.9 Porosity, @= 0.15, 6 2346.0 ‘otal compressibility, cy = 12x10 psi", 4 2333.6 Oil viscosity, to = 2 eP, 2 2319.8 Wellbore radius, ry = 0. 30 2306.0 38 2292.2 46 2278.4 Page 2 of 998-Pel-85, Decombor 2015 Question 4 (20 Marks) Use the buildup data for and oil well provided below to estimate formation permeability, skin factor, and the average reservoir pressure given the following formation and fluid properties. Use the chart provided in the following. Flow rate = 800 STBD, Shut in time (he) Shut in pressure ( Production time = 140 hours, ag00ios ESA Flowing wellbore pressure prior to shut in = 400 G.agr 959, made Formation thickness = 50 f 0.002 tet Porosity = 15 %, 0.031875 1608.16 Wellbore radius = 0.3 fi, 0.081125 2424.96 Formation volume factor = 1.12 bbVSTB, 0.206250 2939.20 Total compressibility = 5.8% 10° p 0.526250 3120.00 Oil viscosity = 0.9 ep, 1.337500 3221.60 3.412500 3315.36 8.125000 3309.84 18875000 3480.68 Pago 3 of 998-Pel-85, December 2015 ‘Question 5 (20 Marks) An extended drawdown (flow) test was conducted in an exploration well in an undersaturated oil reservoir and the following data has been collected. Log data indicated an average water saturation of Sw=0.2. Use the data and the chart provided in the following to estimate the reservoir oil in place. Assume a cylindrical reservoir. Flow rate, q = 100 STBD, ‘i Formation thickness, h = 50 ft, i Formation volume factor, By = 1.1 bb/STB, Porosity, $= 0.25, ; Total compressibility, c= 110° psi!, _ Oil viscosity, = 1 cP, 8 Wellbore radius, ry = 0.25 ft. a1 26 31 36 41 Page 4019 je(hours) Pressure (psi 2365.7 2346.0 2338.7 2330.1 2321.5 2312.9 2304.2 2295.6 2287.098-Pet-B5, December 2015 Question 6 (20 Marks) In a multi-rate test an oil well is opened to flow at 200 STBD for one day. The second day its flow rate is incteased to 400 STBD and the third day to 600 STBD. Use the following data and calculate the pressure drop caused in a shut-in well 500 ft away after the third day? Pressure at external radius, pe 2500 psia Well radius, tw ost External radius, re 10000 Well oil production rate, 300 STBD Oil formation volume Factor, By 1.32 bbl/STB Oil viscosity, yo 0.44 ep Reservoir permeability, k 25mD Formation thickness, 43 ft Oil compress 18x10* psi? Porosity, 16% Page 5 of 998-Pet-B5, December 2015 Question 7 (20 Marks) Estimate approximate end of wellbore storage and dimensionless wellbore storage coefficient using a buildup test data and following formation and fluid properties. Use the chart provided in the following. Flow rate = 1000 STBD, Flowing wellbore pressure prior to shut in = 400 psia, Shut (adiiae aa shuatity sure Formation thickness = 70 ft, tir) ___{psiay_—__ Porosity = 20 %, 0.00025 413. Wellbore radius = 0.25 ft, 0.00100 451.728 Formation volume factor = 1. 2 bbY/STB, 0.00625 704.640 ‘Total compressibility = 7% 10° psi"', 0.01250 971.376 Oil viscosity = I op. 0.05075 2021.120 0.33000 3051.840 2.13750 3268960 13.1250 345.920 Page 6 of 998-Pet-B5, Decomber 2015 10 — = 1 ae A = O14 1 ca) | a | S 001 4, | a | 0.001 f-—-f-} at | | 0.0001 i | dot” a0 1 10 100 1000 Plot of dimensionless pressure versus dimensionless time Page 7 of 998-Pot-BS, December 2015, Formuta Sheet Pressure solution for infinite acting reservoirs: us, _ 0,0002637k aoo708eh ”°* a dee, plr.t)= p, oS Slims, +0.809) only if tp>100, for tp <100 use the provided pp graph. 0.23498, Vp Pseudo steady state equations: ee + (psifhe) it 4 rt Plrendl = py at _ ats) (|_ 3g gir? 0.00708Ki| "|x, ) 4 162, Slope of semi-log straight line, psi/eycle: m= esas, 4 i Radius of investigation. ft:r = 948 jue Permeability-thickness product for double porosity reservoirs, mD-ft (kh), = £,h= 1626p m Average fracture permeability, mD &, sf He pal tor a} 2] Skin factor for buildup test: Skin factor for drawdown test: 5 = tas p= pli) _ tof 53 2) be SkAr 3.8% 10° gic, ‘The approximate time required for the slope to double, hr At = ; Gas wells build up Fracture half length Page 8 of 998-Pet-B5, December 2015 L, z (£] i mile (ee, Wellbore storage coefficient: 2rweS 24 ap Dimensionless wellbore storage coefficient: _0.8939C, © tehre c otal in bbt/ psi, USL stands for the unit slope line. Nomenclature Oi! formation volume factor bbVSTB 8B, « Total compressibility Ups h Formation thickness ft k Permeability mD B Distance ft P Pressure psia Pp Pseudo pressure psia’/cP 4 Oil flow rate STBD % Gas flow rate MSCFD r Radius ft Ss Skin factor dimensionless, r ‘Temperature Rankin ' Time br I, Pore volume fe ¢ Porosity fraction Hu Oil viscosity cs 7 Hydraulic diffusivity fete Subscripts D dimensionless £ eternal Conversion Factors t fracture m= 6.28981 bbl =35.3147 i initial ° oil P production t total w wellbore 1m = 3.28084 f= 39.3701 inch Page 9019