Prepared by: Sayaf Salman Hamda

Supervisor: Nazeer Mafakheri

 About The Journal

 Journal name : Loss Prevention in the Process Industries.

 Published on: Elsevier.

 Impact factor in 2018: 2.069

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 Outline

 Objectives
 Introduction
 Data Analysis
 Data Source
 Data Organization
 Refining Accidents Frequency
 Refining Accidents - Immediate Causes
 Type of Accident
 Substance Involved
 Consequences
 Conclusions
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 Reference
 Objectives

 To learn how to prevent the occurrence of accidents in similar sites in
the future.
 An overview of accidents related to petroleum refining in Skikda
during the period 2002-2013.
 Analysis of 44 accidents.
 Statistical comparisons are made based on the type and the causes of
these accidents.

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 Introduction

 The country's largest refinery is Skikda located along Algeria's northern
coastline and is the largest refinery in Africa.
 It has the capacity to process 350 000 bbl/day.
 Accidents of this type are a source of “experimental data” obtained
from full-scale major accidents.
 We should learn from this “experimental data” and the associated
accidents in such a way they become a key factor in safety programs in
the future.
 In addition, associated socio-economic effects also play an important
role in such learnings.
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 Data Analysis

 For any industry study of this type, it is important to carry out a
historical accident analysis and draw conclusions to improve the
overall plant safety.

 It also needs to be systematic in its approach to allow the

implementation of risk analysis tools.

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 Data Source

 Data were collected from more than 80 documented source.

 Approximately 60% were retrieved directly from the archives of

Skikda refinery.

 The remaining information was collected from newspaper articles,

other papers and internet references.

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 Data Organization

Each accident includes the following where the information was
available:

 The date of the event.

 The specific place where the accident took place.

 The type of accident and the quoted prime cause.

 The chemicals involved.

 The number of deaths, injuries, and material damage.

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 Data Organization

Table 1 Three examples of those Accidents and Incidents reported in
Skikda refinery for the period 2002-2013.

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 Refining Accidents Frequency

 The number of accidents in Skikda refinery per year is shown in Fig.1.

Fig.1 Number of accidents in Skikda refinery per year for the period of 10
2002-2013.
Refining Accidents Frequency


Fig. 2 Cumulative accident number over four year periods of Skikda

refinery for the period of 2002-2013. 11
 Refining Accidents - Immediate
Causes


Fig.3 Immediate causes of the accidents of Skikda refinery for the period of
2002-2013. 12
 Type of Accident


Fig. 4 Number of the accidents in Skikda refinery per type of accident for
the period of 2002-2013 13
 Substance Involved


Fig. 5 Substance involved in accidents of Skikda refinery and Percentage of

their appearance. 14
 Consequences


Fig. 6 Consequences of reported accidents in Skikda refinery for the period

2002-2013. 15
 Consequences


Fig. 8 Number of fatalities and injuries caused by accidents in Skikda

refinery for the period of 2002-2013. 16
 Consequences


Fig. 9 Cumulative distribution of the number of injured and dead people in

Skikda refinery for the period of 2002-2013. 17
 Conclusion

 This analytical evidence shows an upward trend in terms of frequency
of incidents in the last four years.

 More than a third of the total number of accidents is connected to

equipment failures.

 Some lessons learned such as: improving safety technology and fire
detection, Carrying out audits and regular reviews on the management
systems and in particular focus on the problems relating to fires.

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 Reference

 Chettouh, S., Hamzi, R., Benaroua, K., (2016) “Examination of Fire and
related accidents in Skikda Oil Refinery for the period 2002-2013”, Loss
Prevention in the Process Industries, 16 March, 186-193.

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