Reservoir Simulation 

PTE 4370

Hiwa Sidiq
 Reservoir Simulation

Tutorial ‐ 1
- Iterative method example
- Newton Raphson example
- Jacobi method
- FD example
- Taylor series
 Tutorial

Example 1:
Solution to an equation “f(x) = 0” using iterative method.
**For most equation there is no direction solution

Lets X2 – 2 = 0 
For above case there is direct solution which is  ∗ ∓ 2 but it is not 
numerical. For most engineering application numerical value requires.

To find the numerical value of  ∗ iterative method is used, the guess value 

for ∓ 2 1.5. In this example we look at the solution.
Let the iterative fuction be

**the soution of iterative functions need converge and get closer to the 
real volue of X.
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Example 1:
The exact solution is when  ∗ ∗
To find the solution of X2 – 2 = 0 numerically we test three methods,

1) As stated  ∗ ∗ we add  ∗ to each side of the equation

2
∗ + X – 2 =  ∗

→ ∗ = X2 +  ∗ – 2 lets test the first guess which was  1.5
∴ 1.75
2.8125
8.72

**A close look into the solution confirms that the iterative function is 
diverging. 
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 Example 1:
2 ∗ ∗ to find other soluton ∗ , lets divide each side of the 
equation by ∗
∗
X2 – 2 = 0 → X2 = 2 → → ∗
∗ ∗ ∗

→ ∗ = lets test the first guess which was  1.5
∗

∴ 1.3
1.5
1.3

**A close look into the iterative solution shows it is ended up in the 
closed loop.
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 Example 1:
3 ∗ ∗ to find other soluton of ∗ , lets add each side of the 
equation ∗
∗ ∗
X2 – 2 = 0 → ∗ = 2 ∗ → ∗ → ∗ +
∗ ∗

→ ∗ =  + lets test the first guess which was  1.5
∴ 1.416
1.41421568
1.41421356

**A close look into the iterative solution shows X closes to  2
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 Example 2:
 
3 x for the given equation X3 − 3X + 1 = 0
 
Step 1:  plot X3 − 3X + 1

Step 2: Get Approximate value of X from the graph at X 0

X ‐1.8 , 0.4 and 1.5
Step3: lets the solution be  ∗ ∗ add 3X to each side of the equation

→ 3 + 1 = 3 → 3 + 1)
∗ ∗ ∗ =  ( ∗

=  ( 3 + 1)
∗ ∗

lets test the first guess which was  0.4 
∴ 0.354663
0.3482
0.347402
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 Example 3: This example shows why in example 1 the first two methods 
didn’t work
Approach 1:  2
∗ = X +  ∗ – 2
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Approach 3:  ∗ =  +
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 To find whether your method works or not, the slop  ′ ∗ is an
indication.
If ′ ∗ 1 the iteration is diverge
 If ′ ∗ 1 the iteration is converge and there will be a solution.

Newton – Raphson iterative method,

 =   − 

Lets see if ∗ ∗ is the solution for above equation then

∗
∗ =   
∗ −  ∗ 0→ ∗ =  ∗
∗
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Newton – Raphson iterative method,

Why this method works?
Lets take the first derivative of their method

∗ ∗ ∗
′ ∗ = 1 −  →
∗ ∗

It is shown f x 0 → ′ ∗ 0 “no slop”

Lets test X2 – 2 to find solution using this method

X2 – 2 X 1
=  −  → X − 

→ +
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Jacobi Method,
Example 4:
Lets the series number of X1, X2 and X3 in the following equations are to
be found.

Solution for X1, X2 and X3

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Jacobi Method,
Start with zero as the first iteration value of guess