EOR

Assignment #3

Name: Sayaf Salman Hamad

Abdullah Muhammad Maaroof

Muhammad Ahmad Abdullah

1st case: CO2 injected and oil produced with 25API

2nd case: Water injected and oil produced

3rd case: CO2 injected and oil produced with 50 API

4th case: Water and surfactant injected and oil produced

1. Effect of each forces for different scenarios:

 Gravity force can cause tonguing effect, in the case (1 and 3) tongue over occur

(ρco2<ρoil) but with less effect on case (3) because less density difference, also
breakthrough time will low due to high density oil in case 1 but high breakthrough
time in case (3) due to low density oil, but in case (2 and 4) tongue under occur

(ρco2> ρoil).
 Viscous force can effect on mobility ratio, because viscosity of CO2 is less than
oil so the mobility ration of case (1 and 3) is high and viscous fingering occur, but
viscosity of water is higher than oil so results low mobility ratio and high
displacement efficiency.
 Capillary force can be effected by both contact angle and/or IFT, in case (1 and 3)
because IFT between gas and liquid is low so they have low capillary force but in
case (3) capillary force is higher because light hydrocarbons in light oil, for the
case (2) capillary pressure is high because high IFT between water and oil, but for
case (4) IFT is low because surfactant injection with the water which results low
capillary pressure.
2.
3. Vertical sweep efficiency is depend upon many factors, such as:

 Heterogeneity, (eg; permeability, saturation, etc.), look the sweep efficiency in

the second layers of all cases (above figure).
 Gravity, tonguing occurs by gravity segregation.
 Mobility ratio, viscous fingering occurs in high (Mr).
 Capillary forces, oil trap with high IFT or contact angle, in case (4) the sweep
efficiency is higher than case(2) because less IFT due to surfactant injection with
water
 Throughput, high density difference can cause low breakthrough time as above
figure shows in case (1)