‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬

University M'hamed Bougara, Boumerdes.

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering.
IGEE (ex: INELEC)

Numerical Methods EE472

Solution of exercises of
chapter 2: Solution of Equations of one variable

If you have a suggestion, a correction or anything else feel free

to contact me on this email:
[oussama.972010@gmail.com]
Exo 2 : Determine the root(roots) by Newton second order of the equation :
2 Cos(x) – ex =0
Solution :

Exo 3 : Derive the Newton-Raphson iteration formula: xn + 1 = xn - n(xk - a)/k n

xk-1
for finding the k-th root of a.
Solution :

𝒙𝒌 = 𝒂

𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝒌 − 𝒂 = 𝟎

𝒇′ (𝒙) = 𝒌𝒙𝒌−𝟏

𝒙𝒌𝒏 − 𝒂
𝐱𝒏+𝟏 = 𝒙𝒏+𝟏 −
𝒌𝒙𝒌−𝟏
𝒏

Exo 4 : Find 8 correct to within 4 decimal places.

Solution:

√8 can be found by the function √8 = 𝑥

 𝑥2- 8 = 0

𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 8

𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥
𝑓(𝑥)
Newton's method says that : 𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 −
𝑓′ (𝑥)

We know that 2 < √8 < 3 so 𝑥0 = 2

1st iteration:

𝑓 (𝑥0 ) = −4 & 𝑓 ′ (𝑥0 ) = 4

−4
𝑥1 = 2 − =3
4

2nd iteration:

𝑓 (𝑥1 ) = 1 & 𝑓 ′ (𝑥1) = 6

1
𝑥2 =3 - = 2.8333
6

3rd iteration:

𝑓 (𝑥2 ) = 0.0276 & 𝑓 ′ (𝑥2) = 1.6666

0.0276
𝑥3 =2.8333 - = 2.8167
1.6666

4th iteration:

𝑓 (𝑥3 ) = −0.0662 & 𝑓 ′ (𝑥3 ) = 5.6334

−0.0662
𝑥4 =2.8167 - = 2.8284
5.6334

𝑥 = 2.8284 = √8

Exo 5: Show that the equation has a root:

𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 𝑒 𝑥 − 5

Solution :

Using incrementl method : 𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 ). 𝑓 (𝑥𝑖+1) < 0

𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑒 𝑥 − 5 1 < 𝑓(𝑥 ) < 2

𝑓 (1.1) -0.785 𝑓 (1.6) 2.51

𝑓 (1.2) -0.239 𝑓 (1.7) 3.36

𝑓 (1.3) 0.359 𝑓 (1.8) 4.28

𝑓(1.4) 1.0151 𝑓 (1.9) 5.29

𝑓 (1.1). 𝑓(1.2) < 0

The sign change indicates that a root has been passed in the range [1.1 , 1.2]
𝒙𝒌𝒏 − 𝒂
Exo 6 : find the k-th root of a 𝐱𝒏+𝟏 = 𝒙𝒏+𝟏 −
𝒌𝒙𝒌−𝟏
𝒏

Solution :

𝒙𝒌 = 𝒂

𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝒌 − 𝒂 = 𝟎

𝒇′ (𝒙) = 𝒌𝒙𝒌−𝟏

𝒙𝒌𝒏 − 𝒂
𝐱𝒏+𝟏 = 𝒙𝒏+𝟏 −
𝒌𝒙𝒌−𝟏
𝒏

Exo 7: What is the convergence criterion for the bisection method?

Solution :

The convergence criterion is the |𝑥𝑛+1 − 𝑥𝑛 | < 𝜺

Exo 8: Do three iterations of the bisection method for finding a zero of the

function f ( x) x3 6 . Start with the bracketing interval [1.5,

2.0].

Solution:

Iteration 0 : [1.5 , 2.0]

Iteration 1 : [1.75 , 2.0]

Iteration 2 : [1.75 , 1.875]

Exo 9 : Do two iterations of the Newton-Raphson method for

finding a zero of the function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 6 Use the initial
value 𝑥0 = 2

Solution:

the formula of Newton-Raphson method

𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 +
𝑓 ′ (𝑥)

𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 6 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 2

𝑥1 = 1.833 𝑥2 = 1.817

Exo 10: Use the formula of Newton-Raphson method (first

order) to solve :

f(x) = x 3 − 0.03x 2 + 2.4 × 10−6

Solution:

the formula of Newton-Raphson method

𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 +
𝑓 ′ (𝑥)

𝑓 (𝑥 ) = x 3 − 0.03x 2 + 2.4 × 10−6 & 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 2 − 0.03𝑥

The solution are between [0.01 , 0.015]𝑎𝑛𝑑 [−0.01 , −0.005]

𝑥0 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥0 = 0.02 , 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑠

Exo 11 : Use the bisection method to find the root of the
equation: 𝑥 + cos(𝑥 ) = 0

using the solve function ( shift + calc ) we get x=-

0.7390

so the range of f(x)

−1 < f(x) < 0

L.P R.P M.P F(M.P)

-1 0 -0.5 0.377

-1 -0.5 -0.75 -0.018

x=-0.75

Exo 12: Use the Newton-Raphson method to find to 4S the (positive) root of

3xe x  1

Solution :
Exo 13: Find √7 using numerical methods

Solution:

F (x)  x 2  7 so F ' (x)  2x starting with x0=3 ,working with Newton iterations

First iteration : x=2.6666

Second iteration : x=2.6458

Third iteration: x=2.64575

x=2.64575

Exo 14: Use the Newton-Raphson formula to obtain a better estimate of the
root of: f (x)  x  2  ln(x) .
Solution :

Exo 15: Establish the iterative formula to calculate the cube root of N.

Solution:

3 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠
We have 𝑥 = √𝑁 → 𝑥3 − 𝑁 = 0

So we take 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑁 so 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 2
𝑓(𝑥)
Using neton first order : 𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 −
𝑓′ (𝑥)

𝑥 3 −𝑁 1 𝑁
Then 𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 − ==> 𝑥𝑛+1 = [2𝑥𝑛 + 2 ]
3𝑥 2 ) 3 𝑥𝑛

Exo 16: use the bisection method to find to 3D the positive root of the
equation:
X- 0.2sin( x)  0.5  0 .
 L.P R.P M.P F(M.P)

0 1 0.5 -0.096

0.5 1 0.75 0.117

0.5 0.75 0.625 0.008

Solution : The initial interval [0 , 1]

X=0.625

Exo 17 : Find the root of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 3 Bisection method with an error of 𝑒 ≅

0.001

Solution :

The initial interval [1 2]

Left Right Midpoint P(Midpoi

Endpoint Endpoint nt)
1.0 2.0 1.5 -0.75
1.5 2.0 1.75 0.062
1.5 1.75 1.625 -0.359
1.625 1.75 1.6875 -0.1523
1.6875 1.75 1.7188 -0.0457
Thus, with 1.7188 1.75 1.7344 0.0081 the six
iterations, the final interval, [1.7188, 1.7344], has an error take as an
approximation of the root x= 1.7344
Exo 18 : Use the formula of Newton-Raphson method (first order) to solve:
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (𝑥 ) − 2 = 0
Solution:
formula of Newton-Raphson method is

𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 −
𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
We have 𝑓 (3) = −0.6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 (4) = +0.4, whence we use𝑥0 = 3.5 as a first
approximation.
Then, we obtain the successive approximations:
𝑥0 = 3.5, 𝑥1 = 3.598, 𝑥2 = 3.597284 , 𝑥3 = 3.597285

Exo 19: Consider again the function f (x) = ex -4x . Perform by hand one
iteration of Newton’s method for finding its minimum, starting at x=0.

Solution : f '(x)  ex 4 , f '(0)  3 and f ''(x)  ex , and f ''(0) 1 so

𝑓′
𝑥𝑛 = 0 − ′′ = 3
𝑓

Exo 20: A two-dimensional circular cylinder is placed in a high-

speed uniform flow. Vortices shed from the cylinder at a constant
frequency, and pressure sensors on the rear surface of the cylinder
detect this frequency by calculating how often the pressure
oscillates. Given three data points, use Secant’s method to find the
time where the pressure was zero.
Time 0.60 0.62 0.64
Pressure 20 50 60
Solution : find the detailed solution in the above link

https://www.numerade.com/questions/a-two-dimensional-
circular-cylinder-is-placed-in-a-high-speed-uniform-flow-vortices-
shed-from-the--2/