ASSIGNMENT # 02

Course: Numerical Computing

Submission Status: ONLINE via VLE
Submission Date: Apr 17,2019
Submitted to: Dr. Nadeem Alam Khan

Group Members:
 M. Iftikhar Uddin Khan Sami (13275)
 Raghib Uddin (13273)
 Hamza Arif (14446)
 Azlan Waseem (15096)
 Raja Zaryab (16566)
Assignment#2: (G-4) COURSE TITLE: Numerical Computing
Topic: Polynomial Interpolation and Numerical Integration
Q#1 Using Newton’s forward Formula find the cubic polynomial interpolation
which takes the following values. Evaluate f(1.5).
x 0 1 2 3
f(x) 1 2 1 10

Q#2 Using Newton’s backward Formula find the area of a circle of diameter 88 from
the given table of diameter and area of circle.
Diameter 80 85 90 95 100
Area 5026 5674 6362 7088 7854

Q#3 The specific gravities of Zinc sulphate solutions of different concentration at

15𝑪𝟎 are given below.
Concentration(%) 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Specific Gravity 1.059 1.073 1.085 1.097 1.110 1.124 1.137
𝟎
Find the specific Gravity of 15.8% solution at 15𝑪 , using Gauss’s Backward
formula.

Q#4 Using Lagrange’s Formula, Evaluate f(8).

X 5 7 11 13 17
Y=xf(x) 150 392 1452 2366 5202

Q#5 Find the equation of the curve passing through the points (1, -21), (1, 15), (2,
12), (3, 3). Evaluate f(0), using Newton’s Divided Difference formula.
X 4 5 7 10 11 13
F(x) 48 100 294 900 1210 2028

𝟐𝝅
Q#6 Evaluate the Approximate value of ∫𝟎 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒅𝒙 taking h= /𝟔 .

Using (i) Trapezoidal Rule (ii) Simpson’s 1/3 Rule.

2
Q#1 Using Newton’s forward Formula find the cubic polynomial interpolation which takes the following
values. Evaluate f(1.5).

x 0 1 2 3
f(x) 1 2 1 10
Solution:
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛′ 𝑠 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎, 𝑖. 𝑒,
𝑢 𝑢(𝑢−1) 𝑢(𝑢−1)(𝑢−2)
𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑦0 + 1! . ∆𝑦0 + 2!
. ∆2 𝑦0 + 3!
. ∆3 𝑦0 + ⋯
𝑥 − 𝑥0
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑢=
ℎ
𝑥−0
𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑥0 = 0, ℎ = 1, ∴𝑢= =𝑥
1
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑤𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒;

𝒙 𝒚 ∆𝒚 ∆𝟐 𝒚 ∆𝟑 𝒚
𝑥0 = 0 𝒚𝟎 = 𝟏
𝟐−𝟏= 𝟏
𝑥1 = 1 𝑦1 = 2 −𝟏 − 𝟏 = −𝟐
1 − 2 = −1 𝟏𝟎 − (−𝟐) = 𝟏𝟐
𝑥2 = 2 𝑦2 = 1 9 − (−1) = 10
10 − 1 = 9
𝑥3 = 3 𝑦3 = 10
𝑆𝑜, 𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑊𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒; 𝑦0 = 1, ∆𝑦0 = 1, ∆2 𝑦0 = −2, ∆3 𝑦0 = 12
𝑢 𝑢 (𝑢 − 1) 𝑢 (𝑢 − 1)(𝑢 − 2)
𝑓 (𝑥) = 1 + . (1) + . (−2) + . (12)
1! 2! 3!
𝑢 𝑢 (𝑢 − 1) 𝑢 (𝑢 − 1)(𝑢 − 2)
𝑓 (𝑥) = 1 + . (1) + . (−2) + . (12)
1 2 6
𝑓 (𝑥) = 1 + 𝑢 + {𝑢(𝑢 − 1). (−1)} + {𝑢(𝑢 − 1)(𝑢 − 2). (2)}

𝑓 (𝑥) = 1 + 𝑢 + {(𝑢2 − 𝑢). (−1)} + {𝑢. (𝑢2 − 𝑢 − 2𝑢 + 2). (2)}

𝑓 (𝑥) = 1 + 𝑢 + {(𝑢2 − 𝑢). (−1)} + {𝑢. (𝑢2 − 3𝑢 + 2). (2)}

𝑓 (𝑥) = 1 + 𝑢 + {(𝑢2 − 𝑢). (−1)} + {2𝑢. (𝑢2 − 3𝑢 + 2)}

𝑓 (𝑥) = 1 + 𝑢 − (𝑢2 − 𝑢) + {2𝑢. (𝑢2 − 3𝑢 + 2)}

𝑓 (𝑥) = 1 + 𝑢 − (𝑢2 − 𝑢) + (2𝑢3 − 6𝑢2 + 4𝑢)

𝑓 (𝑥) = 1 + 𝑢 − 𝑢2 + 𝑢 + 2𝑢3 − 6𝑢2 + 4𝑢 = 1 + 𝑢 + 𝑢 + 4𝑢 − 𝑢2 − 6𝑢2 + 2𝑢3 = 1 + 6𝑢 − 7𝑢2 + 2𝑢3

𝑓 (𝑥) = 2𝑢3 − 7𝑢2 + 6𝑢 + 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 1 ∵ 𝑢 = 𝑥(𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒)

𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓 (1.5),

𝑓 (1.5) = 2(1.5)3 − 7(1.5)2 + 6(1.5) + 1 => 2(3.375) − 7(2.25) + 6(1.5) + 1

𝑓 (1.5) = 6.75 − 15.75 + 9 + 1 => 15.75 − 15.75 + 1 ==>> 1 𝐴𝑛𝑠 …

3
Q#2 Using Newton’s backward Formula find the area of a circle of diameter 88 from the given table of
diameter and area of circle.

Diameter 80 85 90 95 100
Area 5026 5674 6362 7088 7854
Solution:

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛′ 𝑠 𝐵𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎, 𝑖. 𝑒,

𝑢 𝑢(𝑢+1) 𝑢(𝑢+1)(𝑢+2) 𝑢(𝑢+1)(𝑢+2)…(𝑢+𝑛−1)
𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑦𝑛 + 1! . ∇𝑦𝑛 + 2!
. ∇2 𝑦𝑛 + 3!
. ∇3 𝑦𝑛 + ⋯ + 𝑛!
. ∇𝑛 𝑦𝑛 − − 𝑒𝑞𝑢 (𝑖)
𝑥 − 𝑥𝑛
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑢=
ℎ
𝑥 − 90
𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑥𝑛 = 90, ℎ = 5, ∴𝑢= ∵ 88 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 90
5
88 − 90
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 88, 𝑢= = −0.4
5
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑤𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐵𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒;

𝒙 𝒚 ∆𝒚 ∆𝟐 𝒚 ∆𝟑 𝒚 ∆𝟒 𝒚
𝑥0 = 80 𝑦0 = 5026
5674 − 5026
= 648
𝑥1 = 85 𝑦1 = 5674 688 − 648
= 40
6362 − 5674 38 − 40 = −2
= 688
𝑥2 = 90 𝑦2 = 6362 726 − 688 𝟐+𝟐=𝟒
= 38
7088 − 6362 𝟒𝟎 − 𝟑𝟖 = 𝟐
= 726
𝑥3 = 95 𝑦3 = 7088 𝟕𝟔𝟔 − 𝟕𝟐𝟔
= 𝟒𝟎
𝟕𝟖𝟓𝟒 − 𝟕𝟎𝟖𝟖
= 𝟕𝟔𝟔
𝑥4 = 100 𝒚𝟒 = 𝟕𝟖𝟓𝟒
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒; 𝑦𝑛 = 7854, ∇𝑦𝑛 = 766, ∇2 𝑦𝑛 = 40, ∇3 𝑦𝑛 = 2, ∇4 𝑦𝑛 = 4

𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 88 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢 = −0.4

𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝐸𝑞𝑢 (𝑖)
𝑢 𝑢 (𝑢 + 1) 2 𝑢(𝑢 + 1)(𝑢 + 2) 3 𝑢(𝑢 + 1)(𝑢 + 2)(𝑢 + 3) 4
𝑦 = 𝑦𝑛 + . ∇𝑦𝑛 + . ∇ 𝑦𝑛 + . ∇ 𝑦𝑛 + . ∇ 𝑦𝑛
1! 2! 3! 4!
−0.4 −0.4(−0.4+1) −0.4(−0.4+1)(−0.4+2) −0.4(−0.4+1)(−0.4+2)(−0.4+3)
𝑦 = 7854 + 1!
. 766 + 2!
. 40 + 3!
.2 + 4!
.4

𝑦 = 7854 − 306.4 − 4.8 − 0.128 − 0.1664 ==> 7452.5056 𝐴𝑛𝑠 …

4
Q#3 The specific gravities of Zinc sulphate solutions of different concentration at 15𝑪𝟎 are given below.

Concentration(%) 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Specific Gravity 1.059 1.073 1.085 1.097 1.110 1.124 1.137
𝟎
Find the specific Gravity of 15.8% solution at 15𝑪 , using Gauss’s Backward formula.
Solution:
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 ′ 𝐵𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎; ; ;
𝑢(𝑢+1) 𝑢(𝑢−1)(𝑢+1) 𝑢(𝑢+1)(𝑢−1)(𝑢−2)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦0 + 𝑢∆𝑦0 + 2!
∆2 𝑦−1 + 3!
∆3 𝑦−2 + 4!
∆4 𝑦−3 + ⋯
𝑥 − 𝑥0
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑢= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥0 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛.
ℎ
𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑥0 = 16, ℎ = 2, 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑥 = 15.8 𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 14 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 16
𝑥 − 16 15.8 − 16 0.2
𝑢= , => 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 15.8 => 𝑢 = => − => −0.1
2 2 2
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑊ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒;
𝒙 𝒖 𝒚 ∆𝒚 ∆𝟐 𝒚 ∆𝟑 𝒚 ∆𝟒 𝒚 ∆𝟓 𝒚 ∆𝟔 𝒚
10 -3 1.059
0.014
12 -2 1.073 −0.002
0.012 0.002
14 -1 1.085 0 −0.001
0.012 0.001 0
16 0 1.097 −−−− 0.001 −−−− −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏 −−−− −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏
0.013 0 −0.001
18 1 1.110 0.001 −0.002
0.014 -0.002
20 2 1.124 −0.001
0.013
22 3 1.137
𝑆𝑜, 𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑊𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒; 𝑦0 = 1.097, ∆𝑦−1 = 0.012, ∆2 𝑦−1 = 0.001, ∆3 𝑦−2 = 0.001,
∆4 𝑦−2 = −0.001, ∆5 𝑦−3 = 0, ∆6 𝑦−3 = −0.001
𝑢(𝑢 + 1) 𝑢(𝑢 − 1)(𝑢 + 1)
𝑓 (𝑥) = 1.097 + 𝑢 X 0.012 + X 0.001 + X 0.001
2! 3!
𝑢(𝑢 − 1)(𝑢 + 2)(𝑢 + 1) 𝑢(𝑢 − 1)(𝑢 + 2)(𝑢 − 2)(𝑢 + 1)
+ X (−0.001) + .0
4! 5!
𝑢(𝑢 − 1)(𝑢 + 2)(𝑢 − 2)(𝑢 + 3)(𝑢 + 1)
+ X (−0.001)
6!
(−0.1)((−0.1) + 1) (−0.1)((−0.1) − 1)((−0.1) + 1)
𝑓 (𝑥) = 1.097 + (−0.1) X 0.012 + X 0.001 + X 0.001
2! 3!
(−0.1)((−0.1) − 1)((−0.1) + 2)((−0.1) + 1)
+ X (−0.001)
4!
(−0.1)((−0.1) − 1)((−0.1) + 2)((−0.1) − 2)((−0.1) + 1)
+ .0
5!
(−0.1)((−0.1) − 1)((−0.1) + 2)((−0.1) − 2)((−0.1) + 3)((−0.1) + 1)
+ X (−0.001)
6!
∵ 𝑢 = −0.1 (𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒)
𝑓 (15.8) = 1.097 − 0.0012 − 0.000045 + 0.0000165 − 0.00000784 + 0 + 0.00000159

𝑓 (15.8) ==> 1.0957 𝐴𝑛𝑠.

5
Q#4 Using Lagrange’s Formula, Evaluate f(8).

X 5 7 11 13 17
Y=xf(x) 150 392 1452 2366 5202
Solution:

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑥0 = 5, 𝑥1 = 7, 𝑥2 = 11, 𝑥3 = 13, 𝑥4 = 17

𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦0 = 150, 𝑦1 = 392, 𝑦2 = 1452, 𝑦3 = 2366, 𝑦4 = 5202
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑, 𝑆𝑜 𝑤𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐿𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 ′ 𝑠 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑓 (𝑥).

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 ′ 𝑠 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟 5 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑠.

(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 )(𝑥 − 𝑥3 )(𝑥 − 𝑥4 )
𝑦 = 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑦0 +
(𝑥0 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥0 − 𝑥2 )(𝑥0 − 𝑥3 )(𝑥0 − 𝑥4 )
(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥3 )(𝑥 − 𝑥4 )
+ 𝑦2 +
(𝑥2 − 𝑥0 )(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥2 − 𝑥3 )(𝑥2 − 𝑥4 )
(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 )(𝑥 − 𝑥3 )
+ 𝑦
(𝑥4 − 𝑥0 )(𝑥4 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥4 − 𝑥2 )(𝑥4 − 𝑥3 ) 5
(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 )(𝑥 − 𝑥3 )(𝑥 − 𝑥4 )
𝑦
(𝑥1 − 𝑥0 )(𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )(𝑥1 − 𝑥3 )(𝑥1 − 𝑥4 ) 1
(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 )(𝑥 − 𝑥4 )
𝑦
(𝑥3 − 𝑥0 )(𝑥3 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥3 − 𝑥2 )(𝑥3 − 𝑥4 ) 3

(𝑥 − 7)(𝑥 − 11)(𝑥 − 13)(𝑥 − 17) (𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 − 11)(𝑥 − 13)(𝑥 − 17)

𝑦 = 𝑓 (𝑥) = . 150 + . 392
(5 − 7)(5 − 11)(5 − 13)(5 − 17) (7 − 5)(7 − 11)(7 − 13)(7 − 17)
(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 − 7)(𝑥 − 13)(𝑥 − 17) (𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 − 7)(𝑥 − 11)(𝑥 − 17)
+ . 1452 + . 2366
(11 − 5)(11 − 7)(11 − 13)(11 − 17) (13 − 5)(13 − 7)(13 − 11)(13 − 17)
(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 − 7)(𝑥 − 11)(𝑥 − 13)
+ . 5202
(17 − 5)(17 − 7)(17 − 11)(17 − 13)
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 8
(8 − 7)(8 − 11)(8 − 13)(8 − 17) (8 − 5)(8 − 11)(8 − 13)(8 − 17)
𝑦 = 𝑓 (8) = . 150 + . 392
(5 − 7)(5 − 11)(5 − 13)(5 − 17) (7 − 5)(7 − 11)(7 − 13)(7 − 17)
(8 − 5)(8 − 7)(8 − 13)(8 − 17) (8 − 5)(8 − 7)(8 − 11)(8 − 17)
+ . 1452 + . 2366
(11 − 5)(11 − 7)(11 − 13)(11 − 17) (13 − 5)(13 − 7)(13 − 11)(13 − 17)
(8 − 5)(8 − 7)(8 − 11)(8 − 13)
+ . 5202
(17 − 5)(17 − 7)(17 − 11)(17 − 13)
(1)(−3)(−5)(−9)(150) (3)(−3)(−5)(−9)(392)
𝑦 = 𝑓(8) = +
(−2)(−6)(−8)(−12) (2)(−5)(−6)(−10)
(3)(1)(−5)(−9)(1452) (3)(1)(−3)(−9)(2366) (3)(1)(−3)(−5)(5202)
+ + +
(6)(4)(−2)(−6) (8)(6)(2)(−4) (12)(10)(6)(4)
(−135)(150) (−405)(392) (135)(1452) (81)(2366) (45)(5202)
𝑦 = 𝑓 (8) = + + + +
(1152) (−600) (288) (−384) (2880)
(20250) (158760) (196020) (191646) (234090)
𝑦 = 𝑓 (8) = − + + − +
(1152) (600) (288) (384) (2880)
𝑦 = 𝑓 (8) = −17.578 + 264.6 + 680.625 − 499.078 + 81.281
𝑦 = 𝑓 (8) = 509.85 ==≫ 𝐴𝑛𝑠 …

6
 Q#5 Evaluate f(0), using Newton’s Divided Difference formula.

X 4 5 7 10 11 13
F(x) 48 100 294 900 1210 2028
Solution:

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛′ 𝑠 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎, 𝑖. 𝑒,

𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + (𝑥 − 𝑥0 )𝑓 (𝑥0 , 𝑥1 ) + (𝑥 − 𝑥0 )(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )𝑓(𝑥0 , 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 )
+(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 )𝑓(𝑥0 , 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 ) + ⋯

𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑤𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒;

𝒙 𝒚 𝑰 𝑫𝑫 𝑰𝑰 𝑫𝑫 𝑰𝑰𝑰 𝑫𝑫 𝑰𝑽 𝑫𝑫 𝑽 𝑫𝑫
𝑥0 = 4 𝒚𝟎 = 𝟒𝟖
𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟒𝟖
= 𝟓𝟐
𝟓−𝟒
𝑥1 = 5 𝑦1 = 100 𝟗𝟕 − 𝟓𝟐
= 𝟏𝟓
𝟕−𝟒
294 − 100 𝟐𝟏 − 𝟏𝟓
= 97 =𝟏
7−5 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟒
𝑥2 = 7 𝑦2 = 294 202 − 97 𝟏−𝟏
= 21 =𝟎
10 − 5 𝟏𝟏 − 𝟒
900 − 294 27 − 21 𝟎−𝟎
= 202 =1 =𝟎
10 − 7 11 − 5 𝟏𝟑 − 𝟒
𝑥3 = 10 𝑦3 = 900 310 − 202 1−1
= 27 =0
11 − 7 13 − 5
1210 − 900 33 − 27
= 310 =1
11 − 10 13 − 7
𝑥4 = 11 𝑦4 = 1210 409 − 310
= 33
13 − 10
2028 − 1210
= 409
13 − 11
𝑥5 = 13 𝑦5 = 2028
𝑆𝑜, 𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑊𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒;
𝑓 (𝑥) = 48 + (𝑥 − 4)(52) + (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 − 5)(15) + (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 − 7)(1) + 0

𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓(0),
𝑓 (0) = 48 + (0 − 4)(52) + (0 − 4)(0 − 5)(15) + (0 − 4)(0 − 5)(0 − 7)(1) + 0
𝑓 (0) = 48 + (−4)(52) + (−4)(−5)(15) + (−4)(−5)(−7)(1) + 0

𝑓 (0) = 48 − (4)(52) + (20)(15) − (140)(1) + 0

𝑓 (0) = 48 − 208 + 300 − 140 + 0 = ==>> 0 𝐴𝑛𝑠 …

7
 𝟐𝝅
Q#6 Evaluate the Approximate value of ∫𝟎 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒅𝒙 taking h= 𝝅/𝟔 .

Using (i) Trapezoidal Rule (ii) Simpson’s 1/3 Rule.

Solution:
2𝜋
𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋. 6 12𝜋
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡; ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 , ℎ= , 𝑛=𝜋 = = = 12
0 6 ⁄6 𝜋 𝜋

𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑠 [0,2𝜋]

𝑊𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤.

𝑥 0 𝜋⁄ 𝜋⁄ 𝜋⁄ 2𝜋⁄ 5𝜋⁄ 𝜋 7𝜋⁄ 4𝜋⁄ 3𝜋⁄ 5𝜋⁄ 11𝜋⁄ 2𝜋

6 3 2 3 6 6 3 2 3 6

𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) 1 0.866 0.5 0 -0.5 -0.866 -1 -0.866 -0.5 0 0.5 0.866 1

=> 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥)
𝑦0 𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦3 𝑦4 𝑦5 𝑦6 𝑦7 𝑦8 𝑦9 𝑦10 𝑦11 𝑦12
𝑩𝒚 𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒑𝒆𝒛𝒐𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒍 𝑹𝒖𝒍𝒆,
𝟐𝝅
𝒚𝟎 + 𝒚𝟏𝟐
∫ 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒉 [ + 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚𝟑 + 𝒚𝟒 + 𝒚𝟓 + 𝒚𝟔 + 𝒚𝟕 + 𝒚𝟖 + 𝒚𝟗 + 𝒚𝟏𝟎 + 𝒚𝟏𝟏 ]
𝟎 𝟐
2𝜋
𝜋 1+1
∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = .[ + 0.866 + 0.5 + 0 − 0.5 − 0.866 − 1 − 0.866 − 0.5 + 0 + 0.5 + 0.866]
0 6 2
2𝜋
𝜋 1+1
∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = .[ − 1] = 0 ==> 𝐴𝑛𝑠 …
0 6 2
𝟏
𝑩𝒚 𝑺𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒔𝒐𝒏′𝒔 𝑹𝒖𝒍𝒆,
𝟑
𝟐𝝅
𝒉
∫ 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = [(𝒚𝟎 + 𝒚𝟏𝟐 ) + 𝟒(𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟑 + 𝒚𝟓 + 𝒚𝟕 + 𝒚𝟗 + 𝒚𝟏𝟏 ) + 𝟐(𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚𝟒 + 𝒚𝟔 + 𝒚𝟖 + 𝒚𝟏𝟎 )]
𝟎 𝟑

2𝜋
𝜋
∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 6 [(1 + 1) + 4(0.866 + 0 − 0.866 − 0.866 + 0 + 0.866) + 2(0.5 − 0.5 − 1 − 0.5 + 0.5)]
0 3
2𝜋
∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋⁄2 . [(2) + 4(0) + 2(−1)] = 𝜋⁄2 . [2 − 2] = 0 ==> 𝐴𝑛𝑠 …
0