Ujian diagnostik

Nama:

Sila jawap semua soalan yang diberi.

Please answer all the question given.

𝑏
1. Apakah yang dimaksudkan ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥? Terangkan selanjutnya.
𝑏
What does ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 to u? give as much detailed as you can.

Sol:
𝑏
∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 is called the definite integral of 𝑓(𝑥) from 𝑎 to 𝑏. 𝑓(𝑥) is called the integrand
and 𝑎 and 𝑏 are called the limit of integration where 𝑎 is the lower limit and 𝑏 is the
upper limit.

[Reference from Students’ understanding of the definite integral concept. International

Journal of Research in Education and Science (IJRES), 1(1), 84-88 by Serhan, D. (2015)].

2. Hitungkan ∫ 8𝑥 𝑑𝑥.
Evaluate ∫ 8𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

Sol:
Apply in exponential rule where:
𝑎𝑥
∫ 𝑎 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln 𝑥 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑎 = 8
8𝑥
= 𝑙𝑛8 + 𝐶 𝑑𝑥

(Reference from Basic Concept of Differential and Integral Calculus by Dr.Atul Kumar
Srivastava)

3. (a) Nyatakan kaedah yang digunakan bagi ∫ 𝑥√1 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

State the method used for ∫ 𝑥√1 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Ans: Integration by Substitution.

(substitution) (reference from Basic Concept of Differential and Integral Calculus by

Dr.Atul Kumar Srivastava)
4. (a) Nyatakan kaedah yang digunakan bagi ∫ ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
State the method used for ∫ ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Ans: Integration By-parts

(by parts) (Reference from Basic Concept of Differential and Integral Calculus by
Dr.Atul Kumar Srivastava)

𝑥+3
5. (a) Nyatakan kaedah yang digunakan bagi ∫ 𝑥 2 +𝑥−2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+3
State the method used for ∫ 𝑥 2 +𝑥−2dx

Ans: Integration by Partial Fraction

𝑥+3
(b) Hitungkan ∫ 𝑥 2 +𝑥−2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+3
Find ∫ 𝑥 2 +𝑥−2 𝑑𝑥

Sol:

𝑥+3 𝑥+3
∫ (𝑥 2 +𝑥−2) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (𝑥−1)(𝑥+2) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+3 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑥−1 + 𝑥+2
(𝑥−1)(𝑥+2)
𝑥 + 3 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 2) + 𝐵(𝑥 − 1)
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = −2; −2 + 3 = 𝐴(−2 + 2) + 𝐵(−2 − 1)
1 = 0 − 3𝐵
1
𝐵 = −3
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = −1; 1 + 3 = 𝐴(1 + 2) + 𝐵(1 − 1)
4 = 3𝐴 − 0
4
𝐵=3
𝑥+3 4 1
∴ ∫ (𝑥 2 +𝑥−2) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 3(𝑥−1) − 3(𝑥+2) 𝑑𝑥
4 1
= ∫ 3(𝑥−1) 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 3(𝑥+2) 𝑑𝑥
4 1 1 1
= 3 ∫ 𝑥−1 𝑑𝑥 − 3 ∫ 𝑥+2 𝑑𝑥
4 1
= 3 ln|𝑥 − 1| − 3 ln|𝑥 + 2| + 𝐶

(partial fraction) (reference from Calculus Early Transcendentals by Steward 3rd edition)
 1 𝑑𝑥
6. Tentukan ∫0 (1+𝑥)(2+𝑥)
1 𝑑𝑥
Find ∫0 (1+𝑥)(2+𝑥)
Sol:
1 𝑑𝑥 1 1
∫0 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥
(1+𝑥)(2+𝑥) (1+𝑥)(2+𝑥)
1 𝐴 𝐵
= 1+𝑥 + 2+𝑥
(1+𝑥)(2+𝑥)
1 = 𝐴(2 + 𝑥) + 𝐵(1 + 𝑥)
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = −2; 1 = 𝐴(−2 + 2) + 𝐵(1 − 2)
1 = −𝐵
𝐵 = −1
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = −1; 1 = 𝐴(2 − 1) + 𝐵(1 − 1)
1=𝐴
1 1 1 1 1
∴ ∫0 𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 − 𝑑𝑥
(1+𝑥)(2+𝑥) 1+𝑥 2+𝑥
1 1 1 1
= ∫0 1+𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫0 2+𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= [ln|1 + 𝑥| − ln|𝑥 + 2|]10
= [(ln 2 − ln 3) − (ln 1 − ln 2)]
= ln 2 − ln 3 + ln 2
= ln 4 + ln 3
4
= ln
3
(partial fraction) (Reference from Basic Concept of Differential and Integral Calculus by
Dr.Atul Kumar Srivastava)

7. Hitungkan ∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Find ∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Sol:
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 ; 𝑣′ = 𝑒𝑥

𝑑𝑢
=1 ; 𝑣 = 𝑒𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Using integration By-parts:

∫ 𝑢𝑣 ′ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢 𝑣 ′ − ∫ 𝑢′ 𝑣 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − ∫(1)(𝑒 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐

(by parts) (reference from Calculus Early Transcendentals by Steward 3rd edition)
 𝑒𝑥
8. (a) Nyatakan kaedah yang digunakan bagi ∫ 1+𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑥
State the method used for ∫ 1+𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Ans: Integration by Substitution.

𝑒𝑥
(b) Hitungkan ∫ 1+𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑥
Evaluate ∫ 1+𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Sol:
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 1 + 𝑒 𝑥

𝑑𝑢
= 𝑒𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Integrate by using Substitution:

𝑒𝑥 1
∫ 1+𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 1+𝑒 𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
1
= ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= ln|𝑢| + 𝐶
= ln|1 + 𝑒 𝑥 | + 𝐶

(substitution) (reference from Calculus single variable sixth edition by Hughes-hallett)

1 3𝑥+2
9. (a) Nyatakan kaedah yang digunakan bagi ∫0 (𝑥−2)(𝑥−3)
𝑑𝑥

Ans: Integration by partial fraction

1 3𝑥+2
(b) Tunjukkan langkah bagi ∫0 (𝑥−2)(𝑥−3)
𝑑𝑥 tanpa menentukan nilai berangka koefisien.
(partial fractions) (reference from Calculus Early Transcendentals by Steward 3rd edition)

Sol:
1 3𝑥+2 1 1
∫0 = ∫0 (𝑥−2)(𝑥−3) 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−2)(𝑥−3)
3𝑥+2 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑥−2 + 𝑥−3
(1+𝑥)(2+𝑥)
3𝑥 + 2 = 𝐴(𝑥 − 3) + 𝐵(𝑥 − 2)
 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 3; 3(3) + 2 = 𝐴(3 − 3) + 𝐵(3 − 2)
11 = 0 + 𝐵
𝐵 = 11
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 2; 3(2) + 2 = 𝐴(2 − 3) + 𝐵(2 − 2)
8 = −𝐴 + 0
𝐴 = −8

1 3𝑥+2 1 −8 11
∴ ∫0 = ∫0 + 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−2)(𝑥−3) 𝑥−2 𝑥−3
1 −8 1 11
= ∫0 𝑥−2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑥−3 𝑑𝑥
1 1 1 1
= −8 ∫0 𝑥−2 𝑑𝑥 + 11 ∫0 𝑥−3 𝑑𝑥
= [−8 ln|𝑥 − 2| +11 ln|𝑥 − 3|]10

(partial fraction) (Reference from Basic Concept of Differential and Integral Calculus by
Dr.Atul Kumar Srivastava)

2
10. Hitungkan ∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
Evaluate ∫ 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Sol:
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑢
= 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
1
𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥 𝑑𝑢
Integrate by using Substitution:
2 1
∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑢 (2𝑥) 𝑑𝑢
1
= ∫ 2 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
1
= 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
1
= 𝑒𝑢
2
𝑒𝑢
= 2
2
𝑒𝑥
= 2

(substitution) (reference from Calculus single variable sixth edition by Hughes-hallett)

 ln 𝑥
11. (a) Nyatakan kaedah yang digunakan bagi ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
ln 𝑥
State the method used for ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2

Ans: Integration by-parts

ln 𝑥
(b) Hitungkan ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
ln 𝑥
Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2

1 1 ln 𝑥+1
A. (ln 𝑥 + 1) + 𝐶 B. ln 𝑥 + 𝐶 C. − +𝐶 D. None of these
𝑋 𝑋 𝑥

1
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = ln 𝑥 ; 𝑣 ′ = 𝑥2

1 1
𝑢′ = 𝑥 ; 𝑣 = 2𝑥

Using By-part to integrate:

∫ 𝑢𝑣 ′ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢𝑣 ′ − ∫ 𝑢′ 𝑣
1 1 1
= ln 𝑥 (− 𝑥) − ∫ 𝑥 (− 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

ln 𝑥 1
=− − ∫ − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

ln 𝑥 𝑥 −2+1
= − [− −2+1 ]
𝑥

ln 𝑥 𝑥 −1
=− − [− ]
𝑥 −1

ln 𝑥 1
=− − [𝑥 ]
𝑥

ln 𝑥 1
=− −𝑥+𝐶
𝑥

ln 𝑥+1
=− +𝐶
𝑥

Ans: C

(by-parts)(reference from Basic Concept of Differential and Integral Calculus by Dr.Atul Kumar
Srivastava)