LECTURE 2

Integration of Exponential Functions

Formulas for Integration
𝑎𝑢
1. ∫ 𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = + 𝐶, 𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1
ln 𝑎
2. ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑢 + 𝐶

Example 2.1 Integrate the following functions:

1. ∫ 𝑒 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2. ∫ 32𝑦 𝑑𝑦
1
3. ∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
4. ∫ 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝑥
2+𝑒 𝑥
5. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑥
4 𝑒 √𝑥
6. ∫1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
√
1 𝑥
7. ∫0 (𝑒 + 𝑥 𝑒 )𝑑𝑥
𝜋
sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃
8. ∫03 𝑑𝜃
√𝑒 sec 𝜃
0 𝑑𝑦
9. ∫−1 1+𝑒 𝑦

Solution:

1. ∫ 𝑒 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 4𝑥
𝑑𝑢
=4
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑑𝑥
1
𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 =
4
1
= ∫ 𝑒 4𝑥 (4𝑑𝑥)
4
1
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 (𝑑𝑢)
4
1
= 𝑒𝑢 + 𝐶
4
1
= 𝑒 4𝑥 + 𝐶
4
2. ∫ 32𝑦 𝑑𝑦

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 2𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 = 3
𝑑𝑢
=2
𝑑𝑦
 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑦
1
𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 =
2

1
= ∫ 32𝑦 (2𝑑𝑦)
2
1
= ∫ 3𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2

1 3𝑢
= ( )+ 𝐶
2 ln 3

3𝑢
= +𝐶
2 ln 3

32𝑦
= +𝐶
2 ln 3

32𝑦
= +𝐶
ln 32

32𝑦
= +𝐶
ln 9
1
3. ∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = = 𝑥 −1
𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= −𝑥 −2
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢 = −𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥

𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = −1
1
= −1 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (−𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥)

= − ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

= −𝑒 𝑢 + 𝐶
1
= −𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶

4. ∫ 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑑𝑢
= cos 𝜃
𝑑𝜃

𝑑𝑢 = cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

= ∫ 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 (cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃)

= ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
 = 𝑒𝑢 + 𝐶

= 𝑒 sin 𝜃 + 𝐶
2+𝑒 𝑥
5. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑥
2
= ∫ (1 + ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑥
= ∫(1 + 2𝑒 −𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = −𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= −1
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢 = −𝑑𝑥
𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = −1

= 𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑒 −𝑥 (−𝑑𝑥)
= 𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑥 − 2𝑒 𝑢 + 𝐶
= 𝑥 − 2𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐶
2
=𝑥− +𝐶
𝑒𝑥
4 𝑒 √𝑥
6. ∫1 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥
1
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = √𝑥 = 𝑥 2
1
𝑑𝑢 1
= 𝑥 −2
𝑑𝑥 2
1
1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 =
2√𝑥

𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 2
4 𝑑𝑥
= 2 ∫1 𝑒 √𝑥 ( )
2√𝑥

4
= 2 ∫1 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

= [2𝑒 𝑢 ]14
4
= [2𝑒 √𝑥 ]
1

= [2𝑒 √4 ] − [2𝑒 √1 ]

= [2𝑒 2 ] − [2𝑒]
 = 2𝑒 2 − 2𝑒
1
7. ∫0 (𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑒 )𝑑𝑥
1 1
∫0 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑥 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑥 𝑒+1
= [𝑒 𝑥 + ]
𝑒+1 0
1 𝑒+1 0𝑒+1
= [𝑒 1 + ] − [𝑒 0 + ]
𝑒+1 𝑒+1
1
= [𝑒 + ] − [1 + 0]
𝑒+1
1
= 𝑒+ −1
𝑒+1

𝜋
sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃
8. ∫03 𝑑𝜃
√𝑒 sec 𝜃
𝜋 sec 𝜃
= ∫03 𝑒 − 2 sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
sec 𝜃
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = −
2
𝑑𝑢 1
= − sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃
𝑑𝜃 2
1
𝑑𝑢 = − sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
2

𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = −2
𝜋 sec 𝜃
1
= −2 ∫03 𝑒 − 2 (− sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 )
2
𝜋
= −2 ∫03 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝜋
= [−2𝑒 𝑢 ]03
𝜋
sec 𝜃 3
= [−2𝑒 − 2 ]
0
𝜋
sec( ) sec(0)
− 3
= [−2𝑒 2 ] − [−2𝑒 − 2 ]

2 1
= [−2𝑒 −2 ] − [−2𝑒 −2 ]
2
= −2𝑒 −1 + 1
𝑒2

−2 2 √𝑒
= + ∙
𝑒 √𝑒 √𝑒

−2 2√𝑒
= +
𝑒 𝑒

−2+2√𝑒
=
𝑒
 0 𝑑𝑦
9. ∫−1
1+𝑒 𝑦
0 𝑑𝑦
= ∫−1 1
1+𝑒−𝑦
0 𝑑𝑦
= ∫−1 𝑒−𝑦+1
𝑒−𝑦
0 𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= ∫−1 𝑒 −𝑦+1

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑒 −𝑦 + 1
𝑑𝑢
= −𝑒 −𝑦
𝑑𝑦

𝑑𝑢 = −𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑦

𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = −1
0 (−𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑦)
= − ∫−1
𝑒 −𝑦 +1
0 𝑑𝑢
= − ∫−1
𝑢
= [− ln|𝑢|]0−1
= |]0−1
[− ln|𝑒 −𝑦 + 1
= [ln|(𝑒 + 1 ) |]0−1
−𝑦 −1

1 0
= [ln | |]
𝑒 −𝑦 +1 −1
1 1
= [ln | −0 |] − [ln | −(−1) |]
𝑒 +1 𝑒 +1
1 1
= [ln | |] − [ln | |]
1+1 𝑒+1
1 1
= ln | | − ln | |
2 𝑒+1
1
|2 |
= ln 1
|𝑒+1|
1
= ln | | |𝑒 + 1|
2
𝑒+1
= ln | |
2