VIVA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, VIRAR

DEPT:COMPUTER ENGINEERING

SECOND YEAR/SEM-III
SUBJECT:ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS-III
MODULE-III FOURIER SERIES LEC NO. 3
SUBJECT IN CHARGE
DR.J.C.JAIN
Problem 4:Find the Fourier expansion for f(x) = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 in
1 1
(0,2𝜋). 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒 = ∞ 𝑛=1 2 .
2 4𝑛 −1

∞ ∞
Solution:Let f(x)= 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑎0 + 𝑎
𝑛=1 𝑛 cosnx+ 𝑛=1 𝑏𝑛 sinnx………….(1)

𝑥
Here f(x) = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 2.sin
2

1 2𝜋 1 2𝜋 𝑥 1 𝑥 2𝜋
𝑎0 = 0 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2.sin dx = −2𝑐𝑜𝑠
2𝜋 2𝜋 0 2 2𝜋 2 0

1 4 2 2
= −2(−1 − 1) = =
2𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋
1 2𝜋 1 2𝜋 𝑥
𝑎𝑛 = 0 𝑓 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 0 2.sin 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝜋 𝜋 2
 2 2𝜋 1 1
= 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 − 𝑛 𝑥 dx
2𝜋 2 2

2 2 1+2𝑛 2 1−2𝑛 2𝜋
= − cos 𝑥 − cos 𝑥
2𝜋 1+2𝑛 2 1−2𝑛 2 0

2 1 2𝑛+1 1 2𝑛−1 2𝜋
= − cos 𝑥+ cos 𝑥
𝜋 2𝑛+1 2 2𝑛−1 2 0

2 2 2 4 2
= − =-
𝜋 2𝑛+1 2𝑛−1 𝜋 4𝑛2 −1

1 2𝜋 1 2𝜋 𝑥
𝑏𝑛 = 0 𝑓 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 0 2.sin 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝜋 𝜋 2

− 2 2𝜋 1 1
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 𝑛 𝑥 dx
2𝜋 0 2 2
 − 2 2 1+2𝑛 2 1−2𝑛 2𝜋
= sin 𝑥− sin 𝑥
2𝜋 1+2𝑛 2 1−2𝑛 2 0

− 2 1 2𝑛+1 1 2𝑛−1 2𝜋
= sin 𝑥− sin 𝑥
𝜋 2𝑛+1 2 2𝑛−1 2 0

Putting these values in equation (1)

𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 ∞ 𝟏
𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙= - 𝒏=𝟏 𝟒𝒏𝟐 −𝟏 .cosnx
𝝅 𝝅
Problem 1: Obtain the Fourier series expansion of 𝑒 𝑥 in - 𝜋<x< 𝜋

∞ ∞
Solution:Let f(x)=𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑎0 + 𝑎
𝑛=1 𝑛 cosnx+ 𝑛=1 𝑏𝑛 sinnx………….(1)

1 𝜋 1 𝜋 𝑥 1
𝑎0 = −𝜋 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝜋
𝑒 dx = 𝑒𝑥 𝜋
−𝜋
2𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋
1 𝜋 −𝜋 1
= 𝑒 − 𝑒 = sinh𝜋
2𝜋 𝜋

1 𝜋 1 1 𝜋
𝑎𝑛 = [−𝜋 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥 + 𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥)
𝜋 𝜋 1+𝑛2 −𝜋
1 1
= 𝑒 𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜋 − 𝑒 −𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜋
𝜋 1+𝑛2
 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜋 𝑒 𝜋 −𝑒 −𝜋 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜋 (−1)𝑛
= . = .sinh 𝜋 = .2sinh 𝜋.
𝜋 1+𝑛2 2 𝜋 1+𝑛2 𝜋 1+𝑛2

1 𝜋 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑏𝑛 = 𝑒
𝜋 [−𝜋
1 1 𝜋
= 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥 − 𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥)
𝜋 1+𝑛2 −𝜋

1 1 𝜋 𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜋 + 𝑛𝑒 −𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜋
= −𝑒
𝜋 1+𝑛2
2𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜋 𝑒 𝜋 −𝑒 −𝜋 2𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜋 (−1)𝑛 𝑛
=- . =- .sinh 𝜋 = - .2sinh 𝜋
𝜋 1+𝑛2 2 𝜋 1+𝑛2 𝜋 1+𝑛2
𝑥 2sinh 𝜋 1 𝑛 ∞ 1 ∞ 𝑛
∴𝑒 = + (−1) 𝑛=1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥 − (−1)𝑛 𝑛=1 1+𝑛2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥
𝜋 2 1+𝑛2

2sinh 𝜋 1 1 1 1 1 2 3
𝑒 𝑥= − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 + ⋯ . + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 −⋯
𝜋 2 2 5 10 2 5 10
Problem 2: Find the Fourier series of f(x) =-x-𝜋 - 𝜋<x<0
= x+ 𝜋 0<x< 𝜋

∞ ∞
Solution: Let f(x) = 𝑎0 + 𝑎
𝑛=1 𝑛 cosnx+ 𝑛=1 𝑏𝑛 sinnx
1 𝜋
𝑎0 = −𝜋 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2𝜋

1 0 𝜋
= −𝜋
−𝑥 − 𝜋 𝑑𝑥 + 0
𝑥 + 𝜋 𝑑𝑥
2𝜋

0 𝜋
1 𝑥2 𝑥2
= − − 𝜋𝑥 + + 𝜋𝑥
2𝜋 2 −𝜋 2 0

𝜋
𝑎0 =
2
 1 𝜋
𝑎𝑛 = −𝜋 𝑓(𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝜋

1 0 𝜋
= −𝜋
−𝑥 − 𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 0
𝑥 + 𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝜋

1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥 0
= −𝑥 − 𝜋 − (−1) − 2
𝜋 𝑛 𝑛 −𝜋

1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥 𝜋
+ 𝑥+𝜋 − (1) − 2
𝜋 𝑛 𝑛 0

1 𝑛
𝑎𝑛 = 2 −1 −1
𝜋𝑛
 1 𝜋
𝑏𝑛 = 𝑓 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝜋 −𝜋

1 0 𝜋
= −𝜋
−𝑥 − 𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 0
𝑥 + 𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝜋

1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥 0
= −𝑥 − 𝜋 − − (−1) − 2
𝜋 𝑛 𝑛 −𝜋

1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥 𝜋
+ 𝑥+𝜋 − − (1) − 2
𝜋 𝑛 𝑛 0
2 𝑛
= 1 − −1
𝑛

𝝅 𝟐 ∞ −𝟏 𝒏 −𝟏 ∞ 𝟏− −𝟏 𝒏
f(x)= + 𝒏=𝟏 cosnx +2 𝒏=𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧nx
𝟐 𝝅 𝒏𝟐 𝒏