ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES

LINEALES PRIMER ORDEN

Ejercicio Suplementario LINEALES

1. −(𝑥2 − 4)𝑦′ + 4 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)2; y(2)=0

y’+P(x) y =f(x)
𝑑𝑦 4 (𝑥 − 2)2
+ 𝑦=
𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 4) (𝑥 2 − 4)
𝑑𝑥
4 𝑥+2 𝑥+2
𝐴=𝑒 ∫ 2
𝑥 = 𝑒
𝑖( )
𝑥−2 =
𝑥−2
𝑥+2 𝑥−1 (𝑥+2)2
y𝑥−2 = ∫(𝑥+1)((𝑥2−4) ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑥+2 𝑥−1 (𝑥+2)(𝑥+2)

y = ∫( )( ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥−2 𝑥+1 (𝑥−2)(𝑥+2)
𝑥+2
y = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥−2

y𝑥+2 = 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥−2

y=𝑥+2 (𝑥 + 𝐶) y(2)=0
𝑥−2

2+2
0= (𝑥 + 𝐶)
2−2
0=2+C

C=2

2. - L𝑑𝑖 + 𝑅𝑖 = 𝐸; 𝐿 =
1
; 𝑅 = 10; 𝐸 = 12; i(0)=0; (x + 1)y = xln(x) − x
𝑑𝑡 2
+ 21;

Sustitución:
1
( ) 𝑑𝑖 (10) (12)
2
𝑑𝑡 + 1= 1
1 2 2
2
10 12
𝑑𝑖
𝑖+
=− 1 1
𝑑𝑡 2 2

P(t)=20 Q(t)=24

A=𝑒∫ (𝑡)=20=𝑒∫(20)𝑑𝑡 = 𝑒20𝑡

 ∫ 𝐴∙(𝑡)𝑑𝑡+𝐶
y= 𝐴

∫ 𝑒20𝑡∙(24)𝑑𝑡+𝐶
y= 𝑒20𝑡
𝑑𝑢
24 ∫ 𝑒20𝑡∙( )𝑑𝑡+𝐶
20
y= 𝑒20𝑡

4 ∫ 𝑒𝑢∙𝑑𝑢+𝐶
y= 𝑒20𝑡

4𝑒𝑢 + 𝐶 4𝐶
4𝑒20𝑡 + 𝐶
𝑒20𝑡 = = 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒−20𝑡
𝑒20𝑡 𝑒20𝑡
=

i=0= 6 − 6 −20(0)
5
𝑒
5

𝑒0 = 1
6 6
−
5 5 (1) = 0 𝐶=0
 𝑑𝑦
3. (𝑥 + 1) + 𝑦 = 𝐼(𝑥) 𝑦(1) = 10
𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑖(𝑥)
+ 𝑦=
𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 + 1)

P(x)= 1
𝑢=𝑥 +1 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1

𝑑𝑦 1 𝑖𝑛(𝑥)
+ 𝑦=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+1 𝑥+1
1 𝑑𝑢
∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ = 𝐿𝑛 𝑢 = ln(𝑥 + 1)
𝑥+1 𝑢

𝐴 = 𝑒ln(𝑥+1) = 𝑥 + 1

𝑑𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑥 ((𝑥 + 1)) = (𝑥 + 1)
+1
1
∫ ((𝑥 + 1)𝑦) = ∫ 𝐼𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑢 = 𝐿𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑣=𝑥
𝑥
1
∫ 𝑢 ∙ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥𝐿𝑛𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝐿𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥
𝑥

(𝑥 + 1)𝑦 = 𝑥𝐿𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑥𝐿𝑛 − 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦=
𝑥+1

Y(1)=10}

(1)Ln(1)−1+C −1+𝐶 20 = −1 + 𝐶 𝐶 = 21
10= 1+1 = 10 = 2

(𝑥 + 1) = 𝑥𝐿𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥 + 21