Taller N°4

Estudiante: Juan Pablo Ramirez Gutiérrez código: 2020214033

1) 𝒙𝟐 𝒚′′ − 𝒙𝒚′ + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒏 𝒚𝟏 = 𝒙𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝒍𝒏𝒙)

Forma estándar
Empleando la formula: 𝑦 ′′ 2𝑦
𝑦 ′′ − + 2=0
𝑒 − ∫ 𝑝(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑦2 = 𝑦1 [∫ ] 1
𝑦12
𝑝(𝑥) = −
1 1
𝑥
𝑒 − ∫ −𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑒 ∫𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑦2 = 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑙𝑛𝑥) (∫ 2 ) → 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑙𝑛𝑥) ( ∫ )
(𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑙𝑛𝑥)) 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 (𝑙𝑛𝑥)
𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑒 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑥
𝑦2 = 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑙𝑛𝑥) (∫ 2 𝑑𝑥) → 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑙𝑛𝑥) (∫ 2 𝑑𝑥) 1
𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 (𝑙𝑛𝑥) 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 (𝑙𝑛𝑥) 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
1
𝑦2 = 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑙𝑛𝑥) (∫ 𝑑𝑥 )
𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛2 (𝑙𝑛𝑥)
1
𝑦2 = 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑙𝑛𝑥) (∫ 𝑑𝑢 ) → 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑙𝑛𝑥) (∫ csc 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 )
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 (𝑢)
cos(𝑙𝑛𝑥)
→ 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑙𝑛𝑥)(−cot (𝑙𝑛𝑥)) → −𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(ln 𝑥) ( )
sen(𝑙𝑛𝑥)

𝑦2 = −𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑙𝑛𝑥)
Solución general:

𝒚 = 𝒙𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝒍𝒏𝒙) − 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒍𝒏𝒙)
 2) (𝐃𝟐 + 𝟒𝐃 + 𝟓)𝐲 = 𝐞−𝐱 + 𝟏𝟓𝐱 Forma característica:
𝒚𝒉 : 𝑚2 + 4𝑚 + 5 = 0
(𝐷 2 + 4𝐷 + 5)𝑦 = 0
−4 ± √42 − 4(5)
𝑚= = −2 ± 𝑖
𝒚𝒑 : 2

𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 𝛼 = −2 ; 𝛽 = 1

𝑦 ′ = −𝐴𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐵 𝒚𝒉 = 𝒆−𝟐𝒙 (𝒄𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙) + 𝒄𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝒙))

𝑦 ′′ = 𝐴𝑒 −𝑥

Reemplazando se obtiene:

𝐴𝑒 −𝑥 + 4(−𝐴𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐵) + 5(𝐴𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶) = 𝑒 −𝑥 + 15𝑥 Obteniendo A, B y C:

−𝑥 −𝑥 −𝑥 −𝑥
𝐴𝑒 − 4𝐴𝑒 + 4𝐵 + 5𝐴𝑒 + 5𝐵𝑥 + 5𝐶 = 𝑒 + 15𝑥 𝟏
2𝐴𝑒 −𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥 →𝑨=
2𝐴𝑒 −𝑥 + 4𝐵 + 5𝐵𝑥 + 5𝐶 = 𝑒 −𝑥 + 15𝑥 𝟐
5𝐵𝑥 = 15𝑥 →𝑩=𝟑
𝟏𝟐
Remplazamos 4(3) + 5𝐶 = 0 →𝑪=−
𝟓
1 12
𝑦𝑝 = 𝑒 −𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑦ℎ + 𝑦𝑝
2 5

𝑦 = 𝑦ℎ + 𝑦𝑝
−𝒙
𝒆 𝟏𝟐
𝒚 = 𝒆−𝟐𝒙 (𝒄𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙) + 𝒄𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝒙)) + + 𝟑𝒙 −
𝟐 𝟓
 3) 𝒚′′ + 𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝒙)
Forma característica:
𝒚𝒉 :
𝑚2 + 1 = 0
𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 = 0 𝑚 = ±𝑖 (𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 2)

𝛼 =0; 𝛽 =1
𝒚𝒑 : 𝒚𝒉 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒙) + 𝒄𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝒙)
𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵 + 𝐶𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) + 𝐷𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)

𝑦 ′ = 𝐴 − 𝐶𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 𝐶𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) + 𝐷𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) + 𝐷𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)

𝑦 ′′ = −𝐶𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) − 𝐶𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) − 𝐶𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) − 𝐷𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) + 𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥)
𝑦 ′′ = −𝐶𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) − 2𝐶𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) − 𝐷𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 2𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥)
𝑦 ′′ = cos (𝑥)(−𝐶𝑥 + 2𝐷) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)(−2𝐶 − 𝐷𝑥)

Reemplazando se obtiene:

cos (𝑥)(−𝐶𝑥 + 2𝐷) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)(−2𝐶 − 𝐷𝑥) + 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵 + 𝐶𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) + 𝐷𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 10𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)

cos (𝑥)(−𝐶𝑥 + 2𝐷 + 𝐶𝑥) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)(−2𝐶 − 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐷𝑥) + 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵 = 4𝑥 + 10𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)
2𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) − 2𝐶𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵 = 4𝑥 + 10𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)
Obteniendo A, B, C y D:

2𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 0 →𝑫=𝟎
Remplazamos:
−2𝐶𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 = 10𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 → 𝑪 = −𝟓
𝑦𝑝 = 4𝑥 − 5𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝐴𝑥 = 4𝑥 →𝑨=𝟒
𝑩=𝟎
𝒚 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙 + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟓𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙

𝑦 = 𝑦ℎ + 𝑦𝑝
 4) 𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦 = csc (2𝑥)
Forma característica:

𝒚𝒉 : 𝑚2 + 4 = 0

𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦 = 0 𝑚 = ±2𝑖

𝒚𝒑 : 𝛼=0 ; 𝛽=2
𝒚𝒉 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝒙
𝑦𝑝 = 𝑢1 𝑦1 + 𝑢2 𝑦2

𝑦1 = 𝑐1 cos (2𝑥) 𝑦 𝑦2 = 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥)

𝑦1 𝑦2 cos (2𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥) 2

𝑊(𝑦1 , 𝑦2 ) = |𝑦 ′ 𝑦 ′ | → | | → 2(cos(2𝑥))2 + 2(𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥)) = 𝟐
1 2 −2𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥) 2cos (2𝑥)

0 𝑦2 0 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
| ′| | | csc (2𝑥) ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥) 1 1 𝟏
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑦
𝑢1′ = 2
→ 𝑐𝑠𝑐2𝑥 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 → = →∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝒙
𝑤(𝑦1 , 𝑦2 ) 2 2 2 2 𝟐

𝑦1 0 cos (2𝑥) 0
|
′ | | | cos (2𝑥) ∗ csc (2𝑥) cot (2𝑥)
𝑦 𝑓(𝑥) −2𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥) csc (2𝑥)
𝑢2′ = 1 → → =
𝑤(𝑦1 , 𝑦2 ) 2 2 2
1 𝟏
𝑢2 = ∫ cot (2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐥𝐧 (𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝟐𝒙))
2 𝟒
𝑦 = 𝑦ℎ + 𝑦𝑝
1 1
𝑦𝑝 = 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑥) + ln(𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥)) 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥)
2 4
𝟏 𝟏
𝒚 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒙) + 𝒄𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝟐𝒙) + 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒙) + 𝐥𝐧(𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝟐𝒙)) 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝟐𝒙)
𝟐 𝟒
 5) 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝒚𝒉 : Forma característica:

𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 = 0 𝑚2 + 𝑚 − 2 = 0

𝒚𝒑 : (𝑚 + 2)(𝑚 − 1) = 0

𝑦𝑝 = 𝑢1 𝑦1 + 𝑢2 𝑦2 𝑚1 = −2 𝑦 𝑚2 = 1

𝒚𝒉 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒆−𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒆𝒙
𝑦1 = 𝑐1 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑦 𝑦2 = 𝑐2 𝑒 𝑥

𝑦1 𝑦2 −2𝑥 𝑥
𝑊(𝑦1 , 𝑦2 ) = |𝑦 ′ 𝑦 ′ | → | 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 | → 𝑒 −𝑥 + 2𝑒 −𝑥 = 𝟑𝒆−𝒙
1 2 −2𝑒 𝑒

0 𝑦2 0 𝑒𝑥
| ′| | 𝑥| 𝑒 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝟏
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑦2
𝑢1′ = → 𝑙𝑛𝑥 −𝑥𝑒 → −𝑥
= = − ∫ 𝒆𝟐𝒙 𝒍𝒏𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝑊(𝑦1 , 𝑦2 ) 3𝑒 3𝑒 3 𝟑

𝑦1 0 −2𝑥
′| | | 𝑒−2𝑥 0 | 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝟏
𝑦 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑢2′ = 1 → −2𝑒 −𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 → −𝑥
= = ∫ 𝒆−𝒙 𝒍𝒏𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝑊(𝑦1 , 𝑦2 ) 3𝑒 3𝑒 3 𝟑

1 1
𝑦𝑝 = (− ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥) 𝑒 −2𝑥 + ( ∫ 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥) 𝑒 𝑥
3 3 𝑦 = 𝑦ℎ + 𝑦𝑝

𝟏 𝟏
𝒚 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒆−𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒆𝒙 − ( ∫ 𝒆𝟐𝒙 𝒍𝒏𝒙 𝒅𝒙) 𝒆−𝟐𝒙 + ( ∫ 𝒆−𝒙 𝒍𝒏𝒙 𝒅𝒙) 𝒆𝒙
𝟑 𝟑
 6) 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ − 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑙𝑛3 𝑥
Sea 𝒛 = 𝒍𝒏𝒙 → 𝒙 = 𝒆𝒛
Entonces:
𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ = 𝐷𝑧 (𝐷𝑧 − 1)𝑦
𝑥𝑦 ′ = 𝐷𝑧 𝑦 Forma característica:
Remplazando… 𝑚2 − 2𝑚 + 1 = 0
𝐷𝑧 (𝐷𝑧 − 1)𝑦 − 𝐷𝑧 𝑦 + 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑙𝑛3 𝑥 (𝑚 − 1)(𝑚 − 1) = 0
(𝐷𝑧2 − 𝐷𝑧 − 𝐷𝑧 + 1)𝑦 = 𝑥𝑙𝑛3 𝑥 𝑚 = 1 (𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 2)
(𝐷𝑧2 − 2𝐷𝑧 + 1)𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑧 𝑧 3 𝒚𝒉 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒆𝒛 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒛𝒆𝒛

𝒚𝒉 :
(𝐷𝑧2 − 2𝐷𝑧 + 1)𝑦 = 0

𝒚𝒑 :

𝑦𝑝 = 𝑢1 𝑦1 + 𝑢2 𝑦2
𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑒𝑧 𝑧𝑒 𝑧
𝑊(𝑦1 , 𝑦2 ) = |𝑦 ′ ′| → | 𝑧
𝑦2 | → 𝑒 2𝑧 + 𝑧𝑒 2𝑧 − 𝑧𝑒 2𝑧 = 𝒆𝟐𝒛
1 𝑒 𝑒 𝑧 + 𝑧𝑒 𝑧
0 𝑦2 0 𝑧𝑒 𝑧
| ′| | 𝑧 | 𝑧 4 𝑒 2𝑧 𝒛𝟓
′ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑦2 𝑒 𝑧
𝑧 3
𝑒 𝑧
+ 𝑧𝑒
𝑢1 = → → 2𝑧 = 𝑧 4 → 4
− ∫ 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = −
𝑊(𝑦1 , 𝑦2 ) 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑒 𝟓

𝑦 0 𝑧
| ′1 | | 𝑒𝑧 0
𝑧 3| 2𝑧 3
𝒛𝟒
𝑦
𝑢2′ = 1
𝑓(𝑥)
→ 𝑒 𝑒 𝑧 → 𝑒 𝑧 = 𝑧3 → ∫ 𝑧 3 𝑑𝑧 =
𝑊(𝑦1 , 𝑦2 ) 𝑒 2𝑧 𝑒 2𝑧 𝟒

𝑧5 𝑧 𝑧4 𝑧 𝑒 𝑧 𝑧5
𝑦𝑝 = − 𝑒 + 𝑧𝑒 =
5 4 20
𝑦 = 𝑦ℎ + 𝑦𝑝

𝒙𝒍𝒏𝟓 𝒙
𝒚 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 +
𝟐𝟎
 7) 𝑥 2 𝐷2 𝑦 + 𝑥𝐷𝑦 + 9𝑦 = cos(𝑙𝑛𝑥)
Sea 𝒛 = 𝒍𝒏𝒙 → 𝒙 = 𝒆𝒛

Entonces:

𝑥 2 𝐷2 = 𝐷𝑧 (𝐷𝑧 − 1)𝑦
𝑥𝐷 = 𝐷𝑧 𝑦 Forma particular:

Remplazando… 𝑚2 + 9 = 0

𝐷𝑧 (𝐷𝑧 − 1)𝑦 + 𝐷𝑧 𝑦 + 9𝑦 = cos (𝑧) 𝑚 = 3𝑖

(𝐷𝑧2 − 𝐷𝑧 + 𝐷𝑧 + 9)𝑦 = cos (𝑧) 𝛼 =0𝑦𝛽 =3

(𝐷𝑧2 + 9)𝑦 = cos (𝑧) 𝒚𝒉 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟑𝒛) + 𝒄𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝟑𝒛)

𝒚𝒉 :
(𝐷𝑧2 + 9) = 0

𝒚𝒑 :

𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑧) + 𝐵𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑧)

𝑦 ′ = −𝐴𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑧) + 𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑧)
𝑦 ′′ = −𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑧) − 𝐵𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑧)

Obteniendo A y B:
Reemplazando
8𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑧) + 8𝐵𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑧) = cos (𝑧)
−𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧 − 𝐵𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑧 + 9𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧 + 9𝐵𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑧 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧
8𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑧) = cos (𝑧)
1
𝑦𝑝 = cos (𝑧) 8𝐵𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑧) = 0
8
𝟏
𝑨= ; 𝑩=𝟎
𝟖

𝑦 = 𝑦ℎ + 𝑦𝑝
𝟏
𝒚 = 𝒄𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝟑𝒍𝒏𝒙) + 𝒄𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝟑𝒍𝒏𝒙) + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒍𝒏𝒙)
𝟖