𝑀(𝑥; 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝑥; 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0

2𝑦
(𝑥 2 + ) 𝑑𝑥 = (3 − ln 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦
𝑥
2𝑦
(𝑥 + ) 𝑑𝑥 − (3 − ln 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
2
𝑥
2𝑦
(𝑥 + ) 𝑑𝑥 + (−3 + ln 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
2
𝑥
Derivadas parciales:
𝑀𝑦 = 𝑁𝑥
Derivada:
2
𝑀𝑦 =
𝑥
Derivada:
2𝑥 2
𝑁𝑥 = 2 =
𝑥 𝑥
sí es exacta
hallar:

𝑓 = ∫ 𝑀𝑑𝑥

2𝑦
𝑓= ∫ (𝑥 2+ ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
2
2𝑦
𝑓 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
2
𝑑𝑥
𝑓 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑦 ∫
𝑥
 1 3
𝑓 = 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ln 𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)
3
1 3
𝑓 = 𝑥 + 2 ln 𝑥 · 𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑦)
3
Derivada parcial:
𝑓𝑦 = 0 + 2 ln 𝑥 + 𝑔′ (𝑦)
𝑓𝑦 = ln 𝑥 2 + 𝑔′ (𝑦)
Igualar:
𝑓𝑦 = 𝑁
ln 𝑥 2 + 𝑔′ (𝑦) = −3 + ln 𝑥 2
Entonces:
𝑔′ (𝑦) = −3
Integrar:
𝑔(𝑦) = −3𝑦
Reemplazar en 𝑓:
1 3
𝑓 = 𝑥 + 2 ln 𝑥 · 𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑦)
3
1 3
𝑓 = 𝑥 + 2 ln 𝑥 · 𝑦 − 3𝑦 + 𝐶1
3
1 3
𝑓 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 ln 𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 + 𝐶1
3
Igualando:
𝑓=𝐶
1 3
𝑥 + 𝑦 ln 𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 + 𝐶1 = 𝐶
3
1 3
𝑥 + 𝑦 ln 𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 = 𝐶 − 𝐶1
3
1 3
𝑥 + 𝑦 ln 𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 = 𝐶
3
2
1 3
𝑦 ln 𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 𝐶 − 𝑥
3
2
1 3
𝑦(ln 𝑥 − 3) = 𝐶 − 𝑥
3
1
𝐶 − 𝑥3
𝑦= 3
ln 𝑥 2 − 3
Ecuación lineal:
𝑦 ′ + 𝑃 (𝑥 )𝑦 = 𝑄 (𝑥 )
Reescribir:
1
[𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 2 = 2𝑥 ]
𝑥𝑦
′
𝑦 2
𝑦 + =
𝑥 𝑦
1
𝑦 + · 𝑦 = 2𝑦 −1
′
𝑥
Por Bernoulli:
𝑢 = 𝑦1−𝑛
𝑛 = −1
𝑢 = 𝑦1−(−1)
𝑢 = 𝑦2
Despejar 𝑦:

√𝑢 = √𝑦 2
√𝑢 = 𝑦
Derivar con respecto a 𝑥:
𝑦 = √𝑢
𝑑𝑦 1 1 𝑑𝑢
= · ·
𝑑𝑥 2 √𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑢
= ·
𝑑𝑥 2√𝑢 𝑑𝑥
Reemplazar:
1
𝑦 + · 𝑦 = 2𝑦 −1
′
𝑥
 𝑑𝑦 1
+ · 𝑦 = 2𝑦 −1
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
1 𝑑𝑢 1 2
· + √𝑢 =
2√𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 √𝑢
Multiplicar:
1 𝑑𝑢 1 2
2√𝑢 [ · + √𝑢 = ]
2√𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 √𝑢
𝑑𝑢 2𝑢
+ =4
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 2
+ 𝑢=4
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑢
+ 𝑃 (𝑥 ) 𝑢 = 𝑄 (𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥
2
𝑃 (𝑥 ) = 𝑄 (𝑥 ) = 4
𝑥
Factor integrante:
𝑓𝑖 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
2
∫𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑓𝑖 = 𝑒
𝑓𝑖 = 𝑒 2 ln 𝑥
2
𝑓𝑖 = 𝑒 ln 𝑥
𝑓𝑖 = 𝑥 2
Entonces:

𝑢 · 𝑥 2 = ∫ 4𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
 2
1 3
𝑢𝑥 = 4 ( 𝑥 ) + 𝐶
3
2
4 3
𝑢𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝐶
3
4 𝑥3 𝐶
𝑢= · 2+ 2
3 𝑥 𝑥
4 𝐶
𝑢= 𝑥+ 2
3 𝑥
Reemplazar 𝑢:
42
𝐶
𝑦 = 𝑥+ 2
3 𝑥
Entonces:

4 𝐶
𝑦=√ 𝑥+ 2
3 𝑥
 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2𝑥 3 +𝑦 2
· = −𝑒
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2𝑥 3 𝑦2
· = −𝑒 ·𝑒
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
3 2
𝑦𝑑𝑦 = (−𝑒 2𝑥 · 𝑒 𝑦 )𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 2 2𝑥 3
𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = −𝑥 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
𝑒
Integrando:
𝑦 3
2 2𝑥
∫ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = − ∫ 𝑥 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
𝑒
2 3
∫ 𝑦𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = − ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Cambios de variable:
𝑢 = 𝑦2 𝑣 = 2𝑥 3
Derivando:
 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑦𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 = 6𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
= 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
2 6
Reemplazar en las integrales:
2 3
∫ 𝑦𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = − ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2 3
∫ 𝑒 −𝑦 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = − ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

−𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑣
𝑑𝑣
∫𝑒 · = −∫𝑒 ·
2 6
1 1
∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑢 = − ∫ 𝑒 𝑣 𝑑𝑣
−𝑢
2 6
1 −𝑢 1 𝑣
− 𝑒 =− 𝑒 +𝐶
2 6
1 −𝑢 1 𝑣
𝑒 = 𝑒 +𝐶
2 6
−𝑢
2 𝑣
𝑒 = 𝑒 + 2𝐶
6
−𝑢
1 𝑣
ln(𝑒 ) = ln ( 𝑒 + 2𝐶)
3
Cambiando variables:
1 𝑣
−𝑢 ln 𝑒 = ln ( 𝑒 + 2𝐶)
3
2
1 2𝑥 3
−𝑦 ln 𝑒 = ln ( 𝑒 + 2𝐶)
3
2
1 2𝑥 3
−𝑦 = ln ( 𝑒 + 2𝐶)
3
 2𝑥 3
2
𝑒 + 6𝐶
−𝑦 = ln ( )
3
3
−𝑦 2 = ln(𝑒 2𝑥 + 6𝐶) − ln 3
Cambio de signo:
2 2𝑥 3
𝑦 = ln 3 − ln(𝑒 + 6𝐶)
Aplicar raíz cuadrada:
3
𝑦 = √ln 3 − ln(𝑒 2𝑥 + 6𝐶)