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Soluciones:
1.- ∫ 𝑎𝑎 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐶𝐶. 𝑉𝑉. → 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑥𝑥 → 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = cos 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Reemplazando:
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑢𝑢 𝑤𝑤
𝑎𝑎𝑤𝑤
� 𝑎𝑎 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = � 𝑎𝑎 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝: � 𝑎𝑎 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = + 𝑐𝑐
ln 𝑎𝑎
Entonces:
𝑢𝑢
𝑎𝑎𝑢𝑢
� 𝑎𝑎 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = + 𝑐𝑐 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝑎𝑎 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
ln 𝑎𝑎
𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑥𝑥
𝐼𝐼 = + 𝐶𝐶
ln 𝑎𝑎
1+𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑥𝑥
2.- ∫
𝑥𝑥−cos 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐶𝐶. 𝑉𝑉. → 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 → 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 1 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Reemplazando:
1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
� 𝑎𝑎 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃: � = ln 𝑤𝑤 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑢𝑢 𝑤𝑤
Entonces:
1
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = ln 𝑢𝑢 + 𝑐𝑐 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝑎𝑎 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
𝑢𝑢
𝐼𝐼 = ln(𝑥𝑥 − cos 𝑥𝑥 ) + 𝐶𝐶
sec 2𝑥𝑥 2
3.- ∫( ) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐶𝐶. 𝑉𝑉. → 𝑢𝑢 = 1 + 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 2𝑥𝑥 → 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2 (sec 2𝑥𝑥)2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1+𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 2𝑥𝑥
Reemplazando:
2 ∗ (sec 2𝑥𝑥)2 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑘𝑘
𝑤𝑤 𝑘𝑘+1
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = � 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃: � 𝑤𝑤 = + 𝑐𝑐
2 ∗ (1 + 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑥𝑥)2 2 𝑢𝑢2 𝑘𝑘 + 1
Entonces:
1 −2
𝑢𝑢−1
� 𝑢𝑢 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = + 𝐶𝐶 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝑎𝑎 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
2 −1 ∗ 2
1
𝐼𝐼 = − + 𝐶𝐶
2(1 + 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 2𝑥𝑥 )
1� 𝑥𝑥 6𝑥𝑥�
2𝑥𝑥 3𝑥𝑥 2𝑥𝑥 3𝑥𝑥 6 6𝑥𝑥
4.- ∫ 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = ∫ 9𝑥𝑥−4𝑥𝑥 ∗ 1� 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = ∫ 3𝑥𝑥3𝑥𝑥 2𝑥𝑥 2𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
9 −4 6 −
3𝑥𝑥 2𝑥𝑥 2𝑥𝑥 3𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3 𝑥𝑥 3
� 𝐶𝐶. 𝑉𝑉. 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑥𝑥 → ln 𝑢𝑢 = x ln � �
3 𝑥𝑥 1 2 2
𝑥𝑥 − 3 𝑥𝑥
2
2 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
→ = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 �ln � → 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 =
𝑢𝑢 2 3
𝑢𝑢 �ln 2�
Reemplazando:
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
� =� = � 2
3 𝑥𝑥 1 3 1 3
2 𝑥𝑥 − 3 𝑥𝑥 𝑢𝑢 �ln 2� �𝑢𝑢 − 𝑢𝑢� ln 2 𝑢𝑢 − 1
2 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 𝑤𝑤 − 𝑎𝑎
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝: � = ln � � + 𝐶𝐶
𝑤𝑤 2 − 𝑎𝑎2 2𝑎𝑎 𝑤𝑤 + 𝑎𝑎
Entonces:
1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 1 𝑢𝑢 − 1
� 2 = ∗ ln � � + 𝐶𝐶
3 𝑢𝑢 − 1 (ln 3 − ln 2) 2 𝑢𝑢 + 1
ln 2
1 3 𝑥𝑥 − 2 𝑥𝑥
𝐼𝐼 = ln � 𝑥𝑥 � + 𝐶𝐶
2(ln 3 − ln 2) 3 + 2 𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥+𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥
5.- ∫ 𝑒𝑒 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐶𝐶. 𝑉𝑉. → 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 → 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Reemplazando:
𝑥𝑥
� 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 ∗ 𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑒 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = � 𝑒𝑒 𝑢𝑢 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃: � 𝑒𝑒 𝑤𝑤 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑤𝑤 + 𝑐𝑐
Entonces:
Reemplazando:
2 ∗ 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 √𝑥𝑥 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 √𝑥𝑥
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2 � 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑢𝑢 cos 𝑢𝑢 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 ∗ √𝑥𝑥
𝐶𝐶. 𝑉𝑉. 𝑤𝑤 = 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑢𝑢 → 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = cos 𝑢𝑢 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Entonces:
𝑤𝑤 2
2 � 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑢𝑢 cos 𝑢𝑢 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2 � 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 = 2 + 𝐶𝐶
2
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝑎𝑎 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜:
𝐼𝐼 = 𝑤𝑤 2 + 𝐶𝐶 = (𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑢𝑢)2 + 𝐶𝐶
𝐼𝐼 = (𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 √𝑥𝑥)2 + 𝐶𝐶
1 1
7.- ∫ 𝑥𝑥 � 2 2 − 𝑥𝑥2 −𝑏𝑏2 � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐶𝐶. 𝑉𝑉. → 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑎𝑎2 → 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥 −𝑎𝑎
𝑤𝑤 = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑏𝑏 2 → 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
Reemplazando:
2 ∗ 𝑥𝑥 2 ∗ 𝑥𝑥 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = � − �
2 ∗ (𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑎𝑎2 ) 2 ∗ (𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑏𝑏 2 ) 2 𝑢𝑢 2 𝑤𝑤
1
= (ln 𝑢𝑢 − ln 𝑤𝑤 ) + 𝐶𝐶
2
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝑎𝑎 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜:
1 1 𝑢𝑢
𝐼𝐼 = (ln 𝑢𝑢 − ln 𝑤𝑤 ) + 𝐶𝐶 = ln
2 2 𝑤𝑤
1 𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑎𝑎 2
𝐼𝐼 = ln 2 + 𝐶𝐶
2 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑏𝑏 2
(sec 𝑥𝑥)2
8.- ∫ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐶𝐶. 𝑉𝑉. → 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑥𝑥 → 𝑑𝑑𝑢𝑢 = (sec 𝑥𝑥)2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
�(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑥𝑥)2 +4 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑥𝑥+1
Reemplazando:
(sec 𝑥𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
� =� =�
�(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑥𝑥)2 + 4 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑥𝑥 + 1 √𝑢𝑢2 + 4𝑢𝑢 + 1 √𝑢𝑢2 + 4𝑢𝑢 + 4 + 1 − 4
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
=� 𝐶𝐶. 𝑉𝑉. → 𝑤𝑤 = 𝑢𝑢 + 2 → 𝑑𝑑𝑤𝑤 = 𝑑𝑑𝑢𝑢
�(𝑢𝑢 + 2)2 − 3
Entonces:
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
� =�
�(𝑢𝑢 + 2)2 − 3 �𝑤𝑤 2 − �√3�
2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝: � = ln �𝑧𝑧 + �𝑧𝑧 2 − 𝑎𝑎2 � + 𝐶𝐶
√𝑧𝑧 2 − 𝑎𝑎2
Finalmente:
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
� = ln �𝑤𝑤 + �𝑤𝑤 2 − 3� + 𝐶𝐶
2
�𝑤𝑤 2 − �√3�
Reemplazando:
ln 3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 ln 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 ln 3 𝑢𝑢 − ln 5
� ∗ +� ∗ =� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
ln 5𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 ln 5𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 𝑢𝑢 𝑢𝑢
𝐼𝐼 = ln 3 ∗ ln 𝑢𝑢 + 𝑢𝑢 − ln 5 ∗ ln 𝑢𝑢 + 𝐶𝐶
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝑎𝑎 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜:
3
𝐼𝐼 = ln 𝑢𝑢 ∗ (ln 3 − ln 5) + 𝑢𝑢 + 𝐶𝐶 = ln ∗ ln 𝑢𝑢 + 𝑢𝑢 + 𝐶𝐶
5
3
𝐼𝐼 = ln ∗ ln(ln 5𝑥𝑥 ) + ln 5𝑥𝑥 + 𝐶𝐶
5