SHOT

QUIMICO
𝐽𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑌𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑠
 ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES LINEALES

𝐹ó𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑦
𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙: + P x y = Q(x)
𝑑𝑥
𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒:
‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑃 ׬‬
𝐹. 𝐼. = 𝑒

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙: 𝑦 ∗ 𝐹𝐼 = න 𝑄 𝑥 ∗ 𝐹𝐼𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶

BERNOULLI RICATTI
𝐽𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑌𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑠
 BERNOULLI 𝑅𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙

𝑑𝑦 𝐹ó𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑦
− 𝑦 = 2𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 2 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙: + P x y = Q(x)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝐶𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒:
𝑦 2𝑒 𝑥 2
𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑦 −1
𝑑𝑥 − =
𝑦 2 𝑦 2 𝑦2 𝑑𝑡 = −1𝑦 −2 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 −2
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 −2
− 𝑦 −1 = 2𝑒 𝑥 = −𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡 −2
𝑑𝑦
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑜: − =𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡
− − 𝑡 = 2𝑒 𝑥 (−1)
𝑑𝑥
𝐽𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑌𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑠
 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑡 = −2𝑒 𝑥 + P x y = Q(x)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑃 𝑥 = +1
𝑄 𝑥 = −2𝑒 𝑥
𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒: 𝐹. 𝐼. = 𝑒 ‫𝑃 ׬‬ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐹. 𝐼. = 𝑒 ‫𝑥𝑑 ׬‬
𝐹. 𝐼. = 𝑒 𝑥

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙: 𝑡 ∗ 𝐹𝐼 = න 𝑄 𝑥 ∗ 𝐹𝐼 ∗ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶

𝐽𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑌𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑠

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙: 𝑎𝑥
1 𝑎𝑥
Integral inmediata: න 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒
𝑎

𝑡 ∗ 𝐹𝐼 = න 𝑄 𝑥 ∗ 𝐹𝐼 ∗ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑒 2𝑥 𝐶
𝑡=− 𝑥 + 𝑥
𝑡 ∗ 𝑒 𝑥 = න −2𝑒 𝑥 ∗ 𝑒 𝑥 ∗ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶 𝑒 𝑒
𝑡 = −𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 −𝑥

𝑡 ∗ 𝑒 𝑥 = −2 න 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶 𝑦 −1 = −𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 −𝑥
1
𝑥
1 2𝑥 = −𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 −𝑥
𝑡 ∗ 𝑒 = −2 ∗ 𝑒 + 𝐶 𝑦
2
1
𝑡 ∗ 𝑒 𝑥 = −𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶 𝑦=
−𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 −𝑥
𝐽𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑌𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑠
 1) BERNOULLI 𝑅𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙

𝑑𝑦 𝐹ó𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑦 2 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙: + P x y = Q(x)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 2 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑥 𝐶𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒:
+ =
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑡 = 𝑦 −1
1 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑦 𝑦 2 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑦 2
2
+ 2
= 2 𝑑𝑡 = −1𝑦 −2 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦 𝑥
𝑑𝑡 −2
𝑑𝑦
= −𝑦
−2
𝑑𝑦 1 −1 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 + 𝑦 = 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 − =𝑦 −2
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑜: 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡 1 𝑙𝑛𝑥
− + 𝑡= (−1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝐽𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑌𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑠
 𝑑𝑡 1 −𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑦
− 𝑡= + P x y = Q(x)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑃 𝑥 =− 𝑄 𝑥 =−
𝑥 𝑥
𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒: 𝐹. 𝐼. = 𝑒 ‫𝑃 ׬‬ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
‫ ׬‬−𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝐹. 𝐼. = 𝑒
𝑑𝑥
−‫׬‬
𝐹. 𝐼. = 𝑒 𝑥

𝐹. 𝐼. = 𝑒 −𝐿𝑛𝑥
𝐿𝑛𝑥 −1
𝐹. 𝐼. = 𝑒
𝐹. 𝐼. = 𝑥 −1
𝐽𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑌𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑠
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙:

𝑡 ∗ 𝐹𝐼 = න 𝑄 𝑥 ∗ 𝐹𝐼 ∗ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶

−1
𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑡∗𝑥 = න− ∗ 𝑥 −1 ∗ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥

𝑡 ∗ 𝑥 −1 = − න 𝑙𝑛𝑥 ∗ 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑢 𝑑𝑣

𝐽𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑌𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑠

 −2 −1 −1
1
න 𝑙𝑛𝑥 ∗ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢𝑣 − න 𝑣𝑑𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 ∗ −𝑥 − න −𝑥 ∗ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑢 𝑑𝑣 𝑙𝑛𝑥
=− + න 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠: 𝑥
𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑥 −1
=− +( )
1 𝑥 −1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 1
=− −
𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥

න 𝑑𝑣 = න 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 −1
𝑣= = −x −1
−1
𝐽𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑌𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑠
 −1 −2
1
𝑡∗𝑥 = − න 𝑙𝑛𝑥 ∗ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 1 + 𝐶𝑥
𝑦

𝑢 𝑑𝑣 1
𝑦=
−1
𝑙𝑛𝑥 1 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 1 + 𝐶𝑥
𝑡∗𝑥 = −(− − )+𝐶
𝑥 𝑥
𝑡 𝑙𝑛𝑥 1
= + +𝐶
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑡 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 1 + 𝐶𝑥

𝑦 −1 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 1 + 𝐶𝑥

1
= 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 1 + 𝐶𝑥
𝑦

𝐽𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑌𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑠

 RICATTI
𝐹ó𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑦
𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙: + P x y + Q x y 2 = f(x)
𝑑𝑥

𝐴 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟: 𝑦1 = 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑆𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑎

𝑆𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒: 𝑦 = 𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑢−1

𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒:

‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑃 ׬‬
𝐹. 𝐼. = 𝑒

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙: 𝑦 ∗ 𝐹𝐼 = න 𝑄 𝑥 ∗ 𝐹𝐼𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶

𝐽𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑌𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑠

 RICATTI
𝑑𝑦 𝐹ó𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑦 2
+ 2𝑥𝑦 = 1 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙: 𝑑𝑥
+ P x y + Q x y = f(x)
𝑑𝑥
𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠:
𝑑𝑦 𝑦=𝑥
+ 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 = 1 + 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
=1
𝑑𝑥
𝑃 𝑥 = 2𝑥 𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠:
𝑑𝑦
𝑄 𝑥 = −1 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 = 1 + 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = 1 + x2 1 + 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 = 1 + 𝑥 2
1 + 𝑥2 = 1 + 𝑥2
𝑆𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑜

𝐽𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑌𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑠

𝐶𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒: 𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠:

𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑢−1 𝑑𝑦
+ 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 = 1 + 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = 1𝑑𝑥 − 1𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
−2
1−𝑢 + 2𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑢−1 ) − 𝑥 + 𝑢−1 2
= 1 + 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 −2
𝑑𝑢
= − 1𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1−𝑢 −2
+ 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑢−1 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑢−1 − 𝑢−2 = 1 + 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −2
𝑑𝑢
=1−𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 −𝑢 −2
+ 𝑥 2 − 𝑢−2 = 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
−2
𝑑𝑢
−𝑢 = 𝑢−2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= −1
𝑑𝑥

𝐽𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑌𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑠

 𝑑𝑢
= −1
𝑑𝑥

න 𝑑𝑢 = න −𝑑𝑥

𝑢 = −𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒:

𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑢−1
1
𝑦=𝑥+
𝑢
1
𝑦=𝑥+
−𝑥 + 𝐶

𝐽𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑌𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑠

 RICATTI
𝑑𝑦 𝑆𝑒𝑛 𝑥 2
𝑦 2 𝐹ó𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑦 2
+ P x y + Q x y = f(x)
= 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 − + 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙: 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠:
2 𝑦 = 𝑆𝑒𝑛 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1 2
𝑆𝑒𝑛 𝑥
− 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠:
𝑃 𝑥 =0
𝑑𝑦 𝑆𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 𝑦2
= 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 − +
1 𝑑𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑄 𝑥 =− 𝑆𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 𝑆𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 − +
2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑆𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥
2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑆𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑜
𝐽𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑌𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑠
𝐶𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒: 𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠:
2
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑆𝑒𝑛 𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝑢−1 − 2
𝑦 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 −
𝑑𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥

𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 1𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢 1 𝑆𝑒𝑛2 𝑥

−2
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑢 − 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝑢−1 2
= 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 −
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥
= 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 1𝑢 −2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
−2
𝑑𝑢 1 2 −1 −2
𝑆𝑒𝑛 𝑥
−𝑢 − (𝑆𝑒𝑛 𝑥 + 2𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 ∗ 𝑢 + 𝑢 ) = −
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥
= 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑢 −2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 −2 2
−2
𝑑𝑢 𝑆𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 −1
𝑢 𝑆𝑒𝑛 𝑥
−𝑢 − − 𝑢 − =−
𝑑𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥
−2
𝑑𝑢 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑢
−𝑢−2 − 𝑢−1 − =0
𝑑𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥

𝐽𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑌𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑠

 −2
𝑑𝑢 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑢
−𝑢−2 − 𝑢−1 − =0 (−1)
𝑑𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥

−2
𝑑𝑢 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑢 (𝑢2 )
𝑢−2 + 𝑢−1 + =0
𝑑𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥
−2 2
𝑑𝑢 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑢 ∗ 𝑢
𝑢−2 ∗ 𝑢2 + 𝑢−1 ∗ 𝑢2 + =0
𝑑𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥

𝑑𝑢 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 1
+ 𝑢+ =0
𝑑𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑢 1 𝐹ó𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑇𝑔𝑥 ∗ 𝑢 = − 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙: + P x y = Q(x)
𝑑𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑃 𝑥 = 𝑇𝑔𝑥 𝑄 𝑥 =−
2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝐽𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑌𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑠
𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒: 𝐹. 𝐼. = 𝑒 ‫𝑃 ׬‬ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

න 𝑡𝑔𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝐿𝑛 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥𝑔𝑡 ׬‬

𝐹. 𝐼. = 𝑒
𝐹. 𝐼. = 𝑒 −𝐿𝑛(𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥)
𝐿𝑛 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 −1
𝐹. 𝐼. = 𝑒
−1
𝐹. 𝐼. = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥
1
𝐹. 𝐼. =
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙: 𝑦 ∗ 𝐹𝐼 = න 𝑄 𝑥 ∗ 𝐹𝐼𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶

𝐽𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑌𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑠
 𝑑𝑢 1 1
𝑑𝑥
+ 𝑇𝑔𝑥 ∗ 𝑢 = −
2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝐹. 𝐼. =
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙: 𝑦 ∗ 𝐹𝐼 = න 𝑄 𝑥 ∗ 𝐹𝐼𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑢 ∗ 𝐹𝐼 = න 𝑄 𝑥 ∗ 𝐹𝐼𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑢 1 1
= න− ∗ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥

𝑢 1 1
=− න 2
𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 2 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝑢 1
= − න 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 2
𝐽𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑌𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑠
 𝑢 1 𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒:
= − න 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 2
𝑦 = 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝑢−1
𝑢 1 1
= − 𝑇𝑔𝑥 + 𝐶 𝑦 = 𝑆𝑒𝑛 𝑥 +
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 2 𝑢
1 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑢 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥(− ∗ + 𝐶) 1
2 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 +
1
1 − 2 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝐶 ∗ 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑢 = − 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝐶 ∗ 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥
2

𝐽𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑌𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑠

 SHOT
QUIMICO
𝐽𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑌𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑠