VIVA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, VIRAR

DEPT:MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SECOND YEAR/SEM-III
SUBJECT:ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS-III
MODULE-III FOURIER SERIES LEC NO. 6
SUBJECT IN CHARGE
DR.J.C.JAIN
HALF RANGE FOURIER SERIES
𝑛𝜋𝑥
1. f(x)= 𝑎0 +σ 𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑙
1 𝑙 2 𝑙 𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑎0 = ‫׬‬0 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 , 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑥 ‫׬‬0 𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑥
𝑙 𝑙 𝑙
Such a series is called haif range cosine series. Clearly this expansion does not
contain sine terms.

𝑛𝜋𝑥
2. f(x)= σ 𝑏𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑙
2 𝑙 𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑎0 =0, 𝑎𝑛 =0 𝑏𝑛 = ‫׬‬0 𝑓 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑥
𝑙 𝑙
Such a series is called haif range sine series. Clearly this expansion does not
contain cosine terms.
3. f(x)= 𝑎0 +σ 𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥
1 𝜋 2 𝜋
𝑎0 = ‫𝑓 ׬‬ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 , 𝑎𝑛 = ‫׬‬0 𝑓 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝜋 0 𝜋

Such a series is called haif range cosine series. Clearly this expansion does not
contain sine terms.

4. f(x)= σ 𝑏𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛nx
2 𝜋
𝑎0 =0, 𝑎𝑛 =0 𝑏𝑛 = ‫׬‬0 𝑓 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝜋
Such a series is called haif range sine series. Clearly this expansion does not
contain cosine terms.
Problem 1. Find a cosine series of period 2𝝅 𝒕𝒐 𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒊𝒏 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝝅.
Solution:
f(x)= 𝑎0 +σ 𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥
1 𝜋 2 𝜋
𝑎0 = ‫׬‬0 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 , 𝑎𝑛 = ‫׬‬0 𝑓 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
1 𝜋 1 𝜋
Now, 𝑎0 = ‫׬‬0 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ‫׬‬0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
1 𝜋 2
= −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 0= 𝜋
𝜋

2 𝜋 2 𝜋
𝑎𝑛 = න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝜋 0 𝜋 0
1 𝜋
= ‫׬‬0 sin 1 + 𝑛 𝑥 + sin 1 − 𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜋

1 cos 1+𝑛 𝑥 cos 1−𝑛 𝑥 𝜋 1 cos 𝑛+1 𝑥 cos 𝑛−1 𝑥 𝜋

= − − = − +
𝜋 1+𝑛 1−𝑛 0 𝜋 𝑛+1 𝑛−1 0
𝑎𝑛 =0 if n is odd and n≠ 1.
2 1 1
And 𝑎𝑛 = − + if n is even
𝜋 𝑛+1 𝑛−1

4 1
𝑎𝑛 =- if n is even
𝜋 𝑛2 −1

If n=1 from (1) we get

2 𝜋 2 𝜋 1 𝜋
𝑎1 = න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝜋 0 𝜋 0 𝜋 0
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 𝜋
= − =0
𝜋 2 0

2 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥

f(x)=sinx = - + + + ⋯…
𝜋 𝜋 3 15 35
Problem 2: . Find half range cosine series for f(x)=x , 0<x<2. Using Parsevals
identity. Deduce that
𝝅𝟒 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(i) = 𝟒+ 𝟒+ 𝟒+……
𝟗𝟔 𝟏 𝟑 𝟓
𝝅𝟒 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(ii) = 𝟒+ 𝟒+ 𝟒+ 𝟒+……
𝟗𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
𝑛𝜋𝑥
Solution: f(x)= 𝑎0 +σ 𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 .Here l=2
𝑙

1 𝑙 2 𝑙 𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑎0 = ‫׬‬0 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 , 𝑎𝑛 = ‫׬‬0 𝑓 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑥
𝑙 𝑙 𝑙

1 2 2
1 𝑥2
Now, 𝑎0 = ‫׬‬0 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = =1
2 2 2 0
2 𝑙 𝑛𝜋𝑥 2 𝑙 𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑎𝑛 = ‫׬‬0 𝑓 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑥 = ‫׬‬0 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑥
𝑙 𝑙 2 2
 𝑛𝜋𝑥 𝑛𝜋𝑥
2
sin 2 cos 2 −1 𝑛 −1
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑥. 𝑛𝜋 + 𝑛2 𝜋2
= 𝑛2 𝜋2
2 22 22
0

2
−4. 2 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑
=ቐ 𝑛 𝜋
0 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛

8 1 𝜋𝑥 1 3𝜋𝑥
∴ 𝑥 = 1 − 2 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + ⋯….
𝜋 1 2 3 2
(1i) By Perceval's identity
1 𝑙 1
‫׬‬ 𝑓(𝑥) 2 dx
= 2𝑎02 + 𝑎12 + 𝑎22 + ⋯ …
𝑙 0 2
2
1 2 1 𝑥3 4
l.h.s = ‫׬‬ 𝑥 2 dx = =
2 0 2 3 0 3

4 1 64 1 1 1
= 2+ + + + ⋯….
3 2 𝜋4 14 34 54
8 64 1 1 1
− 2 = 4 4 + 4 + 4 + ⋯….
3 𝜋 1 3 5
𝜋4 1 1 1
= 4+ 4+ 4+……
96 1 3 5
1 1 1 1
(ii) Let S = 4 + 4 + + + ⋯….
1 2 34 44

1 1 1 1 1 1
= + + + ⋯…. + + + + ⋯….
14 34 54 24 44 64

𝜋4 1 1 1 1
= + 4 4 + + + ⋯….
96 2 1 24 34

𝜋4 𝑆
S= +
96 16

𝜋4
S=
90
Type equation here.
Problem 3: In (0,𝝅) 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕
𝟐 𝟐 𝝅𝟐 𝟒 𝝅𝟐 𝝅𝟐 𝟒
𝒙 = − 𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙 + − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒙 −−− −
𝝅 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑

Solution:
f(x)= σ 𝑏𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛nx
2 𝜋
𝑎0 =0, 𝑎𝑛 =0 𝑏𝑛 = ‫׬‬0 𝑓 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝜋
2 𝜋
Now 𝑏𝑛 = ‫׬‬0 𝑓 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝜋

2 𝜋 2
𝑏𝑛 = න 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝜋 0
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥 𝜋
2
= 𝑥 − − 2𝑥 − 2 + (2)
𝜋 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛3 0

2 𝜋2 2 2
= −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜋 − 0 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜋 −
𝜋 𝑛 𝑛3 𝑛3
 2 𝜋2 4
− 3 if n is odd
=൞ 𝜋 𝑛 2 𝑛
2 𝜋
− 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
𝜋 𝑛

2 2 𝜋2 4 𝜋2 𝜋2 4
∴ 𝑥 = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 −−− −
𝜋 1 13 2 3 3
Problem 4:Find the half range Fourier for f(x)=𝒆𝒙 , 0<x<1.
Solution:
f(x)= 𝑎0 +σ 𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥 l=1
1 1 2 1
𝑎0 = ‫׬‬0 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 , 𝑎𝑛 = ‫׬‬0 𝑓 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
1 1

1 1 1 1 𝑥
Now 𝑎0 = ‫׬‬0
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ‫׬‬0 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 10 = e-1
1 1

2 1
𝑎𝑛 = න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
1 0
1 𝑥
=2 ‫׬‬0 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑒 1 1
𝑛
=2 2 2 −1 −
1+𝑛 𝜋 1+𝑛2 𝜋2 0

𝑥 ∞ 1 𝑛
𝑒 =(e-1)+2σ𝑛=1 𝑒 −1 − 1 cosn𝜋x
1+𝑛2 𝜋2