VIVA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, VIRAR

DEPT:MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SECOND YEAR/SEM-III
SUBJECT:ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS-III
INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORM NOTE 3
SUNJECT IN CHARGE
DR.J.C.JAIN
 5.Inverse by convolution theorem

• Definition:
• If 𝑓1 (t) and 𝑓2 (t) are two functions then the following
integral
𝑡
‫׬‬0 𝑓1 (u) 𝑓2 (t-u) du is called the convolution (twisting,
colling, winding together) of 𝑓1 (t) and 𝑓2 (t) and is denoted
by 𝑓1 (t) .𝑓2 (t) .Thus,
𝑡
𝑓1 (t) .𝑓2 (t) = ‫׬‬0 𝑓1 (t)𝑓2 (t−u) du
Theorem:
If L 𝑓1 (t) = ɸ1 (S) and L 𝑓2 (t) = ɸ2 (S) then
𝑡
𝐿−1 ɸ1 (S)ɸ2 (S) = ‫׬‬0 𝑓1 (u) 𝑓2 (t-u) du ---------------------(A)
where 𝑓1 (t) =𝐿−1 ɸ1 (S) and 𝑓2 (t) =𝐿−1 ɸ2 (S)

• NOTE:
Taking the Laplace transform of both sides of (A) theorem,
we get
𝑡
ɸ1 (S)ɸ2 (S) = L ‫׬‬0 𝑓1 (u) 𝑓2 (t−u) du = L 𝑓1 (t) . L 𝑓2 (t)
This means the Laplace transform of the convolution of
two functions is equal to the product of the Laplace
transforms of the two functions.
 Procedure of Applying Convolution Theorem

To find 𝐿−1 ɸ1 (S)ɸ2 (S) :

1. Find 𝐿−1 ɸ1 (S) =𝑓1 (u), say, putting u in place of t.
2. Find 𝐿−1 ɸ2 (S) =𝑓2 (u), say, putting u in place of t.
−1 𝑡
3. Find 𝐿 ɸ1 (S)ɸ2 (S) = ‫׬‬0 𝑓1 (u) 𝑓2 (t-u) du
Find the inverse Laplace transform by convolution
theorem

1
1.
𝑠(𝑠+2)
1
2.
𝑠(𝑠2 −9)
1
3.
𝑠 𝑠+4 2
1
4.
𝑠(𝑠2 +𝑎2 )
 1
1.
𝑠(𝑠+2)

1
SOLUTION: In all the above example put ɸ2 (S) =
𝑠
, then by
corollary
−1 1 𝑡
𝐿 . ɸ(𝑠) = ‫׬‬0 𝐿−1 ɸ(𝑠) 𝑑𝑢
𝑠

−1 1 1 𝑡 1
𝐿 . = ‫׬‬0 𝐿−1 𝑑𝑢
𝑠 (𝑠+2) (𝑠+2)

𝑡
𝑡 −2𝑢 𝑒 −2𝑢
=‫׬‬0 𝑒 du =−
2 0
𝑒 −2𝑡 −1 1−𝑒 −2𝑡
=- =
2 2
 1
2.
𝑠(𝑠2 −9)

Solution:
−1 1 𝑡 −1 1
𝐿 = ‫׬‬0 𝐿 du
𝑠(𝑠2 −32 ) (𝑠2 −32 )
𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝑢 1 𝑡
= ‫׬‬0 3 du = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑢 0
9
1
= [cosh3t-1].
9
 1
3.
𝑠 𝑠+4 2

Solution:
−1 1 1 𝑡 1
𝐿 . = ‫׬‬0 𝐿−1 𝑑𝑢
𝑠 𝑠+4 2 𝑠+4 2
𝑡 −4𝑢 −1 1 𝑡 −4𝑢
= ‫׬‬0 𝑒 𝐿 2 du = ‫׬‬0 𝑒 . udu
𝑠
𝑡
= ‫׬‬0 𝑢. 𝑒 −4𝑢 du
𝑡
𝑒 −4𝑢 𝑒 −4𝑢 𝑡𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑒 −4𝑡 1
= 𝑢. − 2 .1 = − − + 2
−4 −4 0 4 42 4
1
= 2 1 − (1 + 4𝑡)𝑒 −4𝑡
4
 1
4.
𝑠(𝑠2 +𝑎2 )

Solution:
−1 1 1 𝑡 −1 1
𝐿 . = ‫׬‬0 𝐿 (𝑠2 +𝑎2 ) du
𝑠 (𝑠2 +𝑎2 )
𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑢 1
= ‫׬‬0 du = - 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑢 𝑡0
𝑎 𝑎
1 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡
= - 2 [cosat-1] =
𝑎 𝑎2
Find the inverse Laplace transforms of the
following by using convolution theorem:
1
1. 2
𝑠 𝑠+𝑎 2
𝑠2
2.
𝑠2 +𝑎2 𝑠2 +𝑏2
𝑠
3.
𝑠2 +𝑎2 𝑠2 +𝑏 2
1
4.
𝑠−𝑎 . 𝑠−𝑏
1
5.
𝑠2 +𝑎2 𝑠2 +𝑏 2
1 1
6. .
𝑠+𝑎 𝑠+𝑏 2
 1
1. 2
𝑠 𝑠+𝑎 2

Solution:
1 1
Let ɸ1 (s) = and ɸ2 (s) =
𝑠+𝑎 2 𝑠2
1 1
𝐿−1 ɸ1 (S) = 𝐿−1 = 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 . 𝐿−1 =𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 .t
𝑠+𝑎 2 𝑠2
1
𝐿−1 ɸ2 (S) =𝐿−1 =t
𝑠2
𝑡
𝐿−1 ɸ1 (S)ɸ2 (S) = ‫׬‬0 𝑓1 (u) 𝑓2 (t-u) du
𝑡 −𝑎𝑢 𝑡 −𝑎𝑢 𝑡 −𝑎𝑢 2
= ‫׬‬0 𝑒 .𝑢(t-u) du = t ‫׬‬0 𝑒 .𝑢 du - ‫׬‬0 𝑒 .𝑢 du
 𝑒 −𝑎𝑢 𝑒 −𝑎𝑢 𝑡 −𝑎𝑢 𝑒 −𝑎𝑢 𝑒 −𝑎𝑢 𝑡
2 𝑒
=t 𝑢. − .1 - 𝑢 . − . 2𝑢 + .2
−𝑎 𝑎2 0 −𝑎 𝑎2 −𝑎3 0
𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 1 2
−𝑎𝑡
𝑒 2𝑡𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 2𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 2
=t 𝑡. − + - 𝑡 . − − +
−𝑎 𝑎2 𝑎2 −𝑎 𝑎2 𝑎3 𝑎3
1
= 3 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 . 𝑎𝑡 + 2𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 − 2
𝑎
 𝑠2
2.
𝑠 2 +𝑎2 𝑠 2 +𝑏2

𝑠 𝑠
Solution:Let ɸ1 (s) = and ɸ2 (s) =
𝑠2 +𝑎2 𝑠2 +𝑏 2
𝑠
𝐿−1 ɸ1 (S) = 𝐿−1 =cosat
𝑠2 +𝑎2
−1 −1 𝑠
𝐿 ɸ2 (S) = 𝐿 =cosbt
𝑠2 +𝑏 2
−1 −1 𝑠 𝑠
𝐿 [ɸ(s)]=𝐿 .
𝑠2 +𝑎2 𝑠2 +𝑏 2
𝑡
=‫׬‬0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑢. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1 𝑡
= ‫׬‬0 cos 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑢 + 𝑏𝑡 + cos 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑢 − 𝑏𝑡 𝑑𝑢
2
 1 sin 𝑎−𝑏 𝑢+𝑏𝑡 sin 𝑎+𝑏 𝑢−𝑏𝑡 𝑡
= +
2 𝑎−𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 0
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑡
= + − +
2 𝑎−𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
1 𝑎+𝑏+𝑎−𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 𝑎−𝑏−𝑎−𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑡
= +
2 𝑎2 −𝑏 2 𝑎2 −𝑏 2
1 2𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡−2𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑡
=
2 𝑎2 −𝑏2
𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡−𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑡
=
𝑎2 −𝑏 2
 𝑠
3.
𝑠2 +𝑎2 𝑠2 +𝑏 2

𝑠 1
Solution:Let ɸ1 (s) = and ɸ2 (s) =
𝑠2 +𝑎2 𝑠2 +𝑏 2
𝑠
𝐿−1 ɸ1 (S) = 𝐿−1 =cosat
𝑠2 +𝑎2
−1 −1 1 1
𝐿 ɸ2 (S) = 𝐿 = sinbt
𝑠2 +𝑏 2 𝑏
−1 −1 𝑠 1
𝐿 [ɸ(s)]=𝐿 .
𝑠2 +𝑎2 𝑠2 +𝑏 2
𝑡 1
=‫׬‬0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑢. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑏
1 𝑡
= ‫׬‬0 sin 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑢 + 𝑏𝑡 − sin 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑢 − 𝑏𝑡 du
2𝑏
 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑎−𝑏 𝑢+𝑏𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑎+𝑏 𝑢−𝑏𝑡 𝑡
= − +
2𝑏 𝑎−𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 0
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑡
= − + + −
2𝑏 𝑎−𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
1 𝑎−𝑏−𝑎−𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑎+𝑏−𝑎+𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑡
= 2 2 +
2𝑏 𝑎 −𝑏 𝑎2 −𝑏 2
1 −2𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑡+2𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑡
=
2𝑏 𝑎2 −𝑏2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑡−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡
=
𝑎2 −𝑏 2
 1
4.
𝑠−𝑎 . 𝑠−𝑏

1 𝑎𝑡 1
Solution: Let 𝐿−1
𝑠−𝑎 .
=𝑒 , 𝐿 −1
=𝑒 𝑏𝑡
𝑠−𝑏
−1 1 𝑡 𝑎𝑢 𝑏(𝑡−𝑢)
𝐿
𝑠−𝑎 . 𝑠−𝑏
= ‫׬‬0 𝑒 .𝑒 du
𝑡 𝑒 (𝑎−𝑏)𝑢 𝑡
= 𝑒 𝑏𝑡 ‫׬‬0 𝑒 (𝑎−𝑏)𝑢 du= 𝑒 𝑏𝑡
𝑎−𝑏 0
𝑒 𝑏𝑡
= 𝑒 𝑎−𝑏 𝑡 −1
𝑎−𝑏
𝑒 𝑎𝑡 −𝑒 𝑏𝑡
=
𝑎−𝑏
OR We can use method of partial fraction
1 1 1 1
= − (formula)
𝑠−𝑎 . 𝑠−𝑏 𝑏−𝑎 𝑠−𝑎 𝑠−𝑏
 1
5.
𝑠 2 +𝑎2 𝑠2 +𝑏2

1 1
Solution:Let ɸ1 (s) = and ɸ2 (s) =
𝑠2 +𝑎2 𝑠2 +𝑏 2
1 1
𝐿−1 ɸ1 (S) = 𝐿−1 = cosat
𝑠2 +𝑎2 𝑎
−1 −1 1 1
𝐿 ɸ2 (S) = 𝐿 = sinbt
𝑠2 +𝑏 2 𝑏
−1 −1 1 1
𝐿 [ɸ(s)]=𝐿 .
𝑠2 +𝑎2 𝑠2 +𝑏 2
𝑡1 1
=‫׬‬0 sinau. sinb(t-u)du
𝑎 𝑏
1 𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑡−𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡
= ‫׬‬0 sinau.sinb(t−u)du = (verify)
𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏 𝑎2 −𝑏 2