Lecture-15

Mathematics 1 (15B11MA111)
Module: Double Integrals
CO [C105.3]
 Topics to be covered
 Triple Integrals
 Definition

 Examples

 Application of Triple Integral to Find Volume

 Examples

 Dirichlet’s Integral

 Examples

Reference for the lecture

R.K Jain and S.R.K. Iyenger, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics” fifth

edition, Narosa publishing house, 2016.
 Triple integrals
Let f(x,y,z) be a continuous function defined over a closed and bounded
region T in R3. Then the triple integral of f(x,y,z) over T is given by

𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
𝑇

Remark 1: Triple integral satisfies properties similar to double integral.

Remark 2: If f(x,y,z) =1, then the triple integral

𝑉= 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
𝑇

gives the volume of the region T.

 Evaluation of Triple Integrals:

We evaluate the triple integral by three successive

integrations. If the region T can be described by

𝑥1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑥2 , 𝑦1 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑦2 𝑥 , 𝑧1 (𝑥, 𝑦) ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 𝑧2 (𝑥, 𝑦)

Then we evaluate the triple integral as

𝑥2 𝑦2 (𝑥) 𝑧2 𝑥,𝑦
𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑥1 𝑦1 (𝑥) 𝑧1 𝑥,𝑦
𝑥2 𝑦2 (𝑥) 𝑧2 (𝑥,𝑦
= 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑥1 𝑦1 (𝑥) 𝑧1 (𝑥,𝑦)
 Example
Example 1: Evaluate the triple integral

𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
𝑇

Where T is the region bounded by the surfaces

𝑥 = 𝑦 2 , 𝑥 = 𝑦 + 2, 4𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 𝑦 + 3
Solution:
1
Limits of z : (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑡𝑜 𝑦 + 3
4

Limits of x, y: we determine by the projection of T

in x-y plane i.e. the region bounded by the curves

𝑥 = 𝑦 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 𝑦 + 2.
These curves intersect at the points (1,-1) and (4, 2). Also

𝑦 2 ≤ 𝑦 + 2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 − 1 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 2. Therefore,

1
1 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 2, 𝑦 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦 + 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 𝑦 + 3
4

Now we have,

2 𝑦 +2 𝑦 +3 2 𝑦+2
1 2
𝑦𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦 𝑦 + 3 − (𝑥 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
−1 𝑦2
1 2
(𝑥 +𝑦 2 ) −1 𝑦2 4
4

2 3 𝑦+2
𝑦
= 𝑦 2 + 3𝑦 − 𝑥 − 𝑥 3 𝑦/12 𝑑𝑦
−1 4 𝑦2

2 3
𝑦 1
= 𝑦 2 + 3𝑦 − 𝑦+2−𝑦 2
− 𝑦{𝑦 + 2)3 − 𝑦 6 } 𝑑𝑦
−1 4 12
 2 𝑦7 𝑦5 4𝑦 4 16𝑦
= −1 12
+ − − 3𝑦 3 + 4𝑦 2 + 𝑑𝑦
4 3 3

2
y8 y6 4y 5 3y 4 4y 3 8y 2
= + - - + +
96 24 15 4 3 3 -1

837
=
160
Application of Triple Integral to Find
Volume
Example 1: Find the volume of the solid in the first octant
bounded by the paraboloid

𝑧 = 36 − 4𝑥 2 − 9𝑦 2
Solution: We have

𝑉= 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑇

The projection of the paraboloid (in the first octant) in the x-y
plane is the region in the first quadrant of the ellipse

4𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 = 36 .
Therefore the region T is given by

2
1 2
0 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 36 − 4𝑥 − 9𝑦 , 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 36 − 4𝑥 2 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3.
3

Hence,
2
3 9−𝑥 2
3
𝑉= (36 − 4𝑥 2 − 9𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
0 0

3 2
( 9−𝑥 2 )
= 4 9 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 3𝑦 3 3
0 𝑑𝑥
0

16 3
= 0
9 − 𝑥2 3/2
𝑑𝑥
9
Let us substitute 𝑥 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

𝜋/2
16
𝑉 = 27 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃 (3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝑑𝜃
9 0

= 27𝜋 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

Example 2: Find the Volume of the solid enclosed between the
surfaces
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2 + 𝑧 2 = 𝑎2 .
Solution: The limits of x, y, z are as:

− 𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 , − 𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 , −𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑎.
Therefore,
 −𝑎 𝑎 2 −𝑥 2 𝑎 2 −𝑥 2
𝑉= 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑎 − 𝑎 2 −𝑥 2 − 𝑎 2 −𝑥 2

𝑎 𝑎 2 −𝑥 2 𝑎 2 −𝑥 2
𝑉 = 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
−𝑎 − 𝑎 2 −𝑥 2 − 𝑎 2 −𝑥 2

𝑎 𝑎 2 −𝑥 2
𝑉=8 𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
0 0

𝑎 2 16
𝑉=8 0
(𝑎 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎3 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
3
 Dirichlet’s Integral
Let T be a closed region in the first octant in R3, bounded by the
surface

(𝑥/𝑎)𝑝 + (𝑦/𝑏)𝑞 + (𝑧/𝑐)𝑟 = 1 and the corrdinates planes.

Then, an integral of the form

𝐼= 𝑇
𝑥 𝛼−1 𝑦 𝛽 −1 𝑧 𝛾−1 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧

is called a dirichlet integral, where all the constants

𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾, 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑟 are assumed to be positive.

a   
b c  / p  /q  /r
T x y z dx dy dz  pqr  / p   / q   / r  1
 1  1  1
 Examples
Example 1: Evaluate the Dirichlet integral

𝐼= 𝑥 3 𝑦 3 𝑧 3 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
𝑇

WhereT is the region in the first octant bounded by the sphere

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 1 and the coordinate planes.

Solution: Here 𝛼 = 𝛽 = 𝛾 = 4, 𝑎 = 𝑏 = 𝑐 = 1, 𝑝 = 𝑞 = 𝑟 = 2

1 2 2 2 1
I 
8 7 5760

1
𝐼= 𝑥 3 𝑦 3 𝑧 3 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 =
8
𝑇
Example 2: I = T
x1/2 y1/2 z1/2 dx dy dz

Where T is the region in the first octant bounded by the plane

x+y+z=1 and the coordinate planes.

3
Solution: Here α = β = γ = , a = b = c = 1, p = q = r = 1
2

𝐼= 𝑥 1/2 𝑦1/2 𝑧1/2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧

𝑇

3/ 2 3/ 2 3/ 2 4
I 
11 / 2 945
 Practice Problems
1. Find the volume of the solid which is bounded by the cylinder 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1
and the planes y+z=1 and z=0.

Ans: π

2. Evaluate 𝐼 = 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 where (𝑥/𝑎)2 + (𝑦/𝑏)2 + (𝑧/𝑐)2 = 1

1
Ans: 𝜋𝑎𝑏𝑐
8