8 −6 2

Q.9.] Find the eigen value and eigen vector of the matrix A=[−6 7 −4]
2 −4 3
8 −6 2
Solution : Given, A=[−6 7 −4]
2 −4 3
The characteristic equation is,

|𝐴 −  |=0

8−  −6 2
| −6 7−  −4 |=0
2 −4 3− 
3 2
 − 𝑆1  +𝑆2  − 𝑆3 =0_______________(1)

Where, 𝑠1= sum of diagonal elements

=8+7+3

=18

𝑠2 =sum of cofactor of diagonal elements

7 −4 8 2 8 −6
=| |+| |+| |
−4 3 2 3 −6 7
=21-16+24-4+56-36

=45

&𝑠3 =|𝐴|
 8 −6 2
=|−6 7 −4|
2 −4 3
7 −4 −6 −4 −6 7
=8| |-(-6)| |+2| |
−4 3 2 3 2 −4
=8(21-16)+6(-18+8)+2(24-14)

=40-60+20

=0
3 2
𝑒𝑞 𝑛 (1) :  -18  +45  -0=0
2
 (  -18  +45)=0
2
 [  -3  -15  +45]=0

 [  (  -3)-15(  -3)]=0

 [(  -3)(  -15)]=0

Hence,  =0,3,15

Hence, the given eigen value are 0,3& 15

To find eigen vector :

We have,

[A-  I]X =0

8−  −6 2 𝑋 0
[ −6 7−  −4 ] [𝑌 ]=[0]_______________(2)
2 −4 3−  𝑍 0

At  =0

8−0 −6 2 𝑋 0
𝑛
𝑒𝑞 (2): [ −6 7 − 0 −4 ] [𝑌 ]=[0]
2 −4 3 − 0 𝑍 0
8x-6y+2z=0
-6x+7y-4z=0

By using cramers rule,

𝑥 −𝑦 𝑧
−6 2 = 8 2 = 8 −6
| | | | | |
7 −4 −6 −4 −6 7

x/1= y/2= z/2

𝑥 1
[𝑦]=[2]
𝑧 2

Hence, 𝑥1 =[1 2 2]

At  =3

8−3 −6 2 𝑥 0
𝑛
𝑒𝑞 (2): [ −6 7 − 3 −4 ] [𝑦]=[0]
2 −4 3 − 3 𝑧 0
5x-6y+2z=0

-6x+4y-4z=0

By using cramers rule,

𝑥 −𝑦 𝑧
−6 2 = 5 2 = 5 −6
| | | | | |
4 −4 −6 −4 −6 4

x/16=y/8=-z/16

x/2= y/1= z/-2

𝑥 2
𝑦
[ ]=[ 1 ]
𝑧 −2

Hence, 𝑥2 =[2 1 −2]

At  =15

8 − 15 −6 2 𝑥 0
𝑛
𝑒𝑞 (2): [ −6 7 − 15 −4 ] [𝑦]=[0]
2 −4 3 − 15 𝑧 0
-7x-6y+2z=0

-6x-8y-4z=0

By using cramers rule,

𝑥 −𝑦 𝑧
−6 2 = −7 2 = −7 −6
| | | | | |
−8 −4 −6 −4 −6 −8

x/40= -y/40= z/20

x/2= y/-2= z/1

𝑥 2
[𝑦]=[−2]
𝑧 1
Hence, 𝑥3= [2 −2 1]

Hence, the eigen values are 0,3,15 & corresponding eigen vectors are
𝑇
𝑥1 == [2 1 −2]
𝑇
𝑥2 =[2 1 −2]

& 𝑥3 =[2 −2 1]𝑇

1 4
Q. 10] Verify cayley Hamilton theorem for the matrix A=[ ] & find its
2 3
inverse.

1 4
SOLUTION: Given, A=[ ]
2 3
The characteristic equation is,

|𝐴 −  𝐼| =0

1−  4
| |=0
2 3− 

(1-  )(3-  )-8=0

2
 − 4 − 5 = 0
This is required characteristic equation.

 →A

𝐴2 -4A-5I=0

9 16 1 4 1 0
Now, 𝐴2 -4A-5I=[ ]-4[ ]-5[ ]
8 17 2 3 0 1
5 0 5 0
=[ ]-[ ]
0 5 0 5
0 0
=[ ]
0 0

Therefore, 𝐴2 -4A-5I=0

Here, the characteristic equation satisfied its own matrix. Hence the cayley
Hamilton theorem is verified.

We have,

𝐴2 -4A-5I=0

Taking product on both side by 𝐴−1

𝐴2 . 𝐴−1 -4A.𝐴−1 -5I.𝐴−1 =0.𝐴−1

A-4I-5𝐴−1 =0

5𝐴−1 =A-4I

1 4 1 0
=[ ]-4[ ]
2 3 0 1
1 4 4 0
=[ ]-[ ]
2 3 0 4
−3 4
5𝐴−1 =[ ]
2 −1
−3 4
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝐴−1 =1/5[ ]
2 −1

PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION
Defination: If z is the function of x&y then, the derivative 0f z with respect to x,
where y or f(y) assume as constant, is called as partial derivative of z partially
𝜕𝑧
with respect to x. It is denoted as .
𝜕𝑦

𝑥 𝜕2 𝑢 𝑥 2 −𝑦 2
Q.11.] If u=𝑥 2 tan−1 ( 𝑦/𝑥)-𝑦 2 tan−1 ( )then prove that =
𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2

𝑦 𝑥
SOLUTION : Given, u=𝑥 2 tan−1 ( )- 𝑦 2 tan−1 ( )
𝑥 𝑦

𝜕𝑢 𝜕 𝑦 𝑥
= [𝑥 2 tan−1 ( )-𝑦 2 tan−1 ( )]Type equation here.
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝑥 𝑦

𝜕 𝑦 𝜕
= [𝑥 2 tan−1 ( )]- [𝑦 2 tan−1 ( 𝑥/𝑦)]
𝜕𝑦 𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕 𝑦 𝜕 𝑥 𝑥 𝜕
=𝑥 2 . [tan−1 ( )]-[𝑦 2 . (tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( ) . (𝑦 2 )]
𝜕𝑦 𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝜕𝑦

1 𝜕 1 𝜕
=𝑥 2 . 𝑦 . (y/x)-𝑦 2 . . (x/y)-tan−1 ( 𝑥/𝑦)2y
1+( )2 𝜕𝑦 1+(𝑥/𝑦)2 𝜕𝑦
𝑥

1 1 −1
=𝑥 2 2 .1/x.1-𝑦 2 . 𝑦2+𝑥2 .x. 2 -2y.tan−1 ( 𝑥/𝑦)
𝑥2+𝑦 𝑦
𝑥2 𝑦2

𝑥 𝑦 2 .𝑥
=𝑥 2 . + -2ytan−1 ( 𝑥/𝑦)
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2

𝜕𝑢
=x-2y.tan−1 ( 𝑥/𝑦)
𝜕𝑦

𝜕2 𝑢
LHS:
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕 𝜕𝑢
= ( )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕
= [x-2y tan−1 ( 𝑥/𝑦)]
𝜕𝑥

1 𝜕
=1-2y 𝑥 . (x/y)
1+( )2 𝜕𝑥
𝑦

𝑦 2 +𝑥 2
=1-2y. .1/y.1
𝑦2

2𝑦.𝑦
=1- 2
𝑥 2+𝑦
 2 2
𝑥 2+𝑦 −2𝑦
= 2
𝑥 2+𝑦

2
𝑥 2−𝑦
=
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2

=RHS

Hence, proved
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
Q.12.] If z(x+y)=𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 , then prove that ( - )2 = 4(1 − − )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

SOLUTION: Given, z(𝑥 + 𝑦)=𝑥 2 +𝑦 2

𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
Z=
𝑥+𝑦

𝜕𝑧 𝜕 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
= [ ]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝑥+𝑦

(𝑥+𝑦 ).(2𝑥+0)−(𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 ). (1+0)

= (𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 )

2𝑥 2 +2𝑥𝑦−𝑥 2 −𝑦 2
=
(𝑥+𝑦)2

𝜕𝑧 𝑥 2 +2𝑥𝑦−𝑦 2
=
𝜕𝑥 (𝑥+𝑦)2

𝜕𝑧 𝑦 2 +2𝑥𝑦−𝑥 2
Similarly, =
𝜕𝑦 (𝑥+𝑦)2

𝜕𝑍 𝜕𝑍 2
LHS= ( − )
𝜕𝑋 𝜕𝑌

2
𝑋 2 +2𝑋𝑌−𝑌 2 −2𝑋𝑌+𝑋 2
=[ (𝑋+𝑌)2
]

2
2(𝑋 2 +𝑌 2 )
=[ (𝑋+𝑌)2
]

2(𝑋−𝑌)(𝑋+𝑌) 2
=[ (𝑋+𝑌)(𝑋+𝑌) ]

2(𝑋−𝑌) 2
=[ (𝑋+𝑌) ]
 4(𝑋−𝑌)2
= (𝑋+𝑌)2

𝜕𝑍 𝜕𝑍
RHS: 4[1 − − ]
𝜕𝑋 𝜕𝑌

𝑋 2 +2𝑋𝑌−𝑌 2 𝑌 2 +2𝑋𝑌−𝑋 2
=4[1 − (𝑋+𝑌)2
− (𝑋+𝑌)2
]

(𝑋−𝑌)2 𝑋 2 +2𝑋𝑌−𝑌 2 𝑌 2 +2𝑋𝑌−𝑋 2

=4[(𝑋+𝑌)2 − (𝑋+𝑌)2
− (𝑋+𝑌)2
]

𝑋 2 +𝑌 2 +2𝑋𝑌−𝑋 2 −2𝑋𝑌+𝑌 2 −𝑌 2 −2𝑋𝑌+𝑋 2

=4[ (𝑋+𝑌)2
]

𝑋 2 +𝑌 2 −2𝑋𝑌
=4[ (𝑋+𝑌)2
]

(𝑋−𝑌)2
=4(𝑋+𝑌)2

=LHS

Hence proved.

𝑥 1/3 +𝑦 1/3 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
Q.13.] If u=sin−1 √ then prove that 𝑥 2 +2xy + 𝑦2 =
𝑥 1/2 +𝑦 1/2 𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2
tan 𝑢 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑢 13
.( + )
12 12 12

𝑥 1/3 +𝑦 1/3
SOLUTION: Given, u=sin−1 √
𝑥 1/2 +𝑦 1/2

1 1
𝑥3 + 𝑦3
sin 𝑢 = √ 1 1
𝑥2 + 𝑦2

𝑦1/3
𝑥 1/3 (1 +
)
𝑥 1/3
sin 𝑢 = √
𝑦1/2
𝑥 1/2 (1 + 1/2 )
𝑥
 1
𝑦3
1
1+ 1
1
(𝑥 3−1/2)2 𝑥3
1
𝑦2
1+ 1
[ 𝑥2]

𝑦
Sin u=𝑥 −1/2 ∅ ( )
𝑥

Here f=sin u is homogeneous function in x&y with degree n=-1/12

Therefore, by eulers theorem

𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
x +y =nf
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕 𝜕
x (sin 𝑢)+y (sin 𝑢)=-1/12sin 𝑢
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
xcos 𝑢 +ycos 𝑢 =-1/12sin 𝑢
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
cos 𝑢 (𝑥 +𝑦 )=-1/12 sin u
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 sin 𝑢
x +y =-1/12
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 cos 𝑢

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
x +y =-1/12 tan 𝑢_____________(1)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

differentiate 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 (1)both side partially w.r.t x& y respectively

𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕
[𝑥 +𝑦 ]=-1/12 tan 𝑢
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕𝑢 2 𝜕𝑢
[𝑥 + 𝑥]+y = -1/12 sec 𝑢
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 2 𝜕𝑢
x + .1+𝑦 =-1/12 sec 𝑢
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

“×” both side by X

 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢
𝑥2 2
+x +xy = -1/12 x sec2u ___________(2)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕
[𝑥 +𝑦 ]=-1/12 tan 𝑢
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦

𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕 𝜕𝑢
x +y + y=-1/12 sec2u
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦

“×” both side by Y

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
xy +𝑦 2 +y .1=-1/12y sec2u ___________(3)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦

adding (2)&(3)

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
𝑥2 2
+x +xy +xy -𝑦 2 +y =-1/12 x sec2 -1/2y sec2u
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
𝑥2 2
+2xy +𝑦 2 =-1/12 sec2u[𝑥 +𝑦 ]-[𝑥 +𝑦 ]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 1 1
𝑥2 2
+2xy +𝑦 2 =-1/12 sec2(− − tan 𝑢) (− tan 𝑢)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2 12 12

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝑢
𝑥2 2
+2xy +𝑦 2 =1/12 tan 𝑢 [ + 1]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2 12

tan 𝑢 1+√tan 𝑢
= [ + 1]
12 12

=tan 𝑢 1+√tan 𝑢+12

[ ]
12 12

=tan 𝑢 √tan 𝑢+13

[ ]
12 12

=tan 𝑢 √tan 𝑢 13
[ + ]
12 12 12

Hence 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑

Q.14] Ifu=f(𝑥, 𝑦) and x=𝐴 cos 𝛼-𝐵 sin 𝛼 & Y=Asin 𝛼 + 𝐵 cos 𝛼 then prove that
𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
+ = +
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝐴2 𝜕𝐵2

SOLUTION: 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 =𝐴2 cos2𝛼+𝐵2 sin2𝛼-

2ABsin𝛼cos𝛼+𝐴2 sin2𝛼+𝐵2 cos2𝛼+2ABsin𝛼𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
=𝐴2 +𝐵2

u→xy→ 𝐴𝐵𝛼
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑦
= +
𝜕𝐴 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝐴 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝐴

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑦
= +
𝜕𝐵 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝐵 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝐵

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑦
= +
𝜕𝛼 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝛼 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝛼

X=Acos 𝛼-Bsin 𝛼
𝝏𝒙
=𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶
𝝏𝑨

𝝏𝒙
=-𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜶
𝝏𝑩

𝝏𝒙
=
𝝏𝜶

𝝏𝑹
−A(sin 𝛼)-Bcos 𝛼
𝝏𝒚

Y=Asin 𝛼+Bcos 𝛼
𝜕𝑦
=sin 𝛼
𝜕𝐴

𝜕𝑌
=cos 𝛼
𝜕𝐵

𝜕𝑌
=Acos 𝛼-Bsin 𝛼
𝜕𝛼

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
=cos 𝛼 +sin 𝛼
𝜕𝐴 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
=-sin 𝛼 +cos 𝛼
𝜕𝐵 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
=-(𝐴 sin 𝛼 + 𝐵 cos 𝛼) + (𝐴 cos 𝛼 − 𝐵 sin 𝛼)
𝜕𝛼 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕 𝛿 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
=(cos + sin 𝛼 )+(cos 𝜕𝑥 + sin 𝛼 𝜕𝑦 )
𝜕𝐴2 𝜕𝑥 𝛿𝑦
= 𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
cos
𝜕𝑥
(cos 𝛼 𝜕𝑥 + sin 𝛼 𝜕𝑦)+sin 𝛼 𝜕𝑦 (cos 𝛼 𝜕𝑥 + sin 𝛼 𝜕𝑦)

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
=cos2𝛼 2
+ sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 + sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 + sin2𝛼 ________(1)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
=(− sin 𝛼 + cos 𝛼 ) (− sin 𝛼 𝜕𝑥 + cos 𝛼 𝜕𝑦)
𝜕𝐵2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
=-sin 𝛼 (− sin 𝛼 𝜕𝑥 + cos 𝛼 𝜕𝑦)+cos 𝛼 𝜕𝑦 (− sin 𝛼 𝜕𝑥 + cos 𝛼 𝜕𝑦 )
𝜕𝑥

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
=sin2𝛼 2
-sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 -sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 +cos2𝛼 _______(2)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦

Add equation (1)&(2)

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
2
+ 2
=cos2𝛼 2
+2sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 + √𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 2
+sin2𝛼 -
𝜕𝐴 𝜕𝐵 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 2
2
𝜕 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
2sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 +cos2𝛼
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛼 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛼

= (√𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 + √𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼)+ ( )
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
= +
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2

=LHS

HENCE PROVED

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
Q.15] If u=(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )1/3 then prove that 𝑥 2 2
+2xy +𝑦 2 =-2/3u
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2

SOLUTION: Given u=(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )1/3

1/3
𝑦2
=[𝑥 2 (1 + )]
𝑥2

1/3
2 )1/3 𝑦 2
=(𝑥 [1 + (𝑥 ) ]

𝑦
=𝑥 2/3 ∅ ( )
𝑥

Here f=u is homogeneous function in x & y with degree 2/3

Therefore by eulers theorem,
𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
x +y =nf
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕 𝜕𝑢
x u+ y =2/3u___________(1)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

differentiate equation (1) on both side partially with respect to x & y

respectively,
𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕
[𝑥 +𝑦 ]= 2/3 u
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕
x + 𝑥+𝑦 = 2/3 u
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 2 𝜕𝑢
x 2
+ (1) + 𝑦 =
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 3 𝜕𝑥

multiply by x on both side

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 2 𝜕𝑢
𝑥2 2
+𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥 ___________(2)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 3 𝜕𝑥

𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕 2
[𝑥 +𝑦 ]= 𝑢
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 3

𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕 2 𝜕
x +𝑦 + 𝑦= u
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 3 𝜕𝑦

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢 2 𝜕𝑢
x +𝑦 + (1) =
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦 3 𝜕𝑦

multiply y on both side

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
xy + 𝑦2 +𝑦 = 2/3𝑦 __________(3)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦

add equation (2) & (3)

𝜕2𝑢
2
𝜕𝑢 𝜕2𝑢 2
𝜕2𝑢 𝜕𝑢 2 𝜕𝑢 2 𝜕𝑢
𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 + 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑦
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦 3 𝜕𝑥 3 𝜕𝑦

𝜕2𝑢
2
𝜕2𝑢 2
𝜕2𝑢 2 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 = − [𝑥 + 𝑦 ]
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2 3 𝜕𝑢 + 𝑦 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
[𝑥 ]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
 2 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
=( − 1) (𝑥 +𝑦 )
3 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

2
=-1/3( 𝑢)
3

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
Therefore 𝑥 2 2
+ 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦2 =- 2/3 u
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2

Hence proved.

𝑦 𝑥 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
Q.16.] If u=𝑥 𝑛 𝑓1 ( )+𝑦 −𝑛 . 𝑓2 ( ) then prove that 𝑥 2 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦2 2 +
𝑥 𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
𝑥 +𝑦 = 𝑛2 𝑢
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝑦 𝑥
SOLUTION: U=𝑥 𝑛 𝑓1 ( ) + 𝑦 −𝑛 . 𝑓2 ( )
𝑥 𝑦

U=R+S__________(1)
𝑦
Where, R=𝑥 𝑛 𝑓1 ( )
𝑥

𝑥
S=𝑦 −𝑛 𝑓2 ( )
𝑦

Here, R & S are homogeneous function with degree n & -n respectively

Therefore, by eulers theorem.

𝜕𝑅 𝜕𝑅
x +𝑦 = 𝑛𝑅__________(2)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑠 𝜕𝑠
&x +𝑦 = -ns___________(3)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

Add equation (2) & (3)

𝜕𝑅 𝜕𝑆 𝜕𝑅 𝜕𝑆
x +𝑥 +𝑦 +𝑦 =nR-nS
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦

𝜕 𝜕
x (𝑅 + 𝑆) + 𝑦 (𝑅 + 𝑆)=nR-Ns
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕 𝜕
x 𝑢+𝑦 𝑢 = 𝑛𝑅 − 𝑛𝑆_________(4)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

Differentiate equation (4) partially with respect to x & y we get,

𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕
[𝑥 +𝑦 ]= (𝑛𝑅 − 𝑛𝑆)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑅 𝜕𝑆
x. ( )+ (𝑥) + 𝑦. ( )= n. 𝜕𝑥 -n𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

multiply both side by x

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑅 𝜕𝑆
𝑥2 2
+ 𝑥. + 𝑥𝑦 =nx. − 𝑛𝑥 ___________(5)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥

𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕
And [𝑥. +𝑦 ]= [𝑛𝑅 − 𝑛𝑆]
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦

𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕 𝜕𝑅 𝜕𝑆
X ( )+y.𝜕𝑦 (𝜕𝑦)+𝜕𝑦 . 𝜕𝑦 (𝑦)=n.𝜕𝑦 -n𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑌 𝜕𝑥

Multiply by y

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑅 𝜕𝑆
xy +𝑦 2 +y .1=y.n -yn ________(6)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑢2 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦

Adding equation (5) & (6)

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑅 𝜕𝑆 𝜕𝑆
𝑥2 2
+ 𝑥. + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2. + 𝑦. =nx. +ny𝑛𝑥 -ny
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

2
𝜕2𝑢 𝜕2𝑢 2
𝜕2𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
𝑥 . 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 +𝑦 + 𝑥 + 𝑦
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑅 𝜕𝑅 𝜕𝑆 𝜕𝑠
=n.[𝑥 +𝑦 ]-n[𝑥. +𝑦 ]
𝜕𝑋 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

=n[nR +nS]

=𝑛2 [R+S]

=𝑛2 𝑈

Hence proved.

𝑦 𝑥 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
Q.17] If u= x∅ ( )+𝜑 ( ) then prove that x 2 +2xy + 𝑦 2 2=0
𝑥 𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
 𝑦 𝑥
SOLUTION: u= x∅ ( )+𝜑 ( )
𝑥 𝑦

U= R+ S_________(1)
𝑦 𝑥
Where, R=x∅ ( ) & s=𝜑 ( )
𝑥 𝑦

Here R & S are homogeneous function with degree 1 & 0 respectively

𝜕𝑅 𝜕𝑅
X +𝑦 = 𝑅________(2)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑆 𝜕𝑆
X +𝑦 = 0________(3)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑌

Add equation 2 & 3

𝜕𝑅 𝜕𝑅 𝜕𝑆 𝜕𝑆
X +𝑦 +𝑥 +𝑦 =𝑅+0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦

𝜕 𝜕
X (𝑅 + 𝑆)+Y (𝑅 + 𝑆)=R
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
X +𝑦 = 𝑅________(4)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

Differentiate equation (4) partially with respect to x & y respectively

𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑅
We get, [𝑥 +𝑦 ]=
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑅
x + 𝑥+𝑦 =
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑅
x 2
+ +𝑦 =
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

multiply with x on both side

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑅
𝑥2 2
+𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 =𝑥 ______________(5)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

[w.r.to. y]Type equation here.

𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕
[𝑥 +𝑦 ]= 𝑅
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
 𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕 𝜕𝑅
x +𝑦 + 𝑦=
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑅
x +𝑦 + =
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦

multiply with y on both side

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑅
xy + 𝑦2 +𝑦 =𝑦 ____________(6)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦

add equation (5) & (6)

𝜕2𝑢
2
𝜕𝑢 𝜕2𝑢 𝜕2𝑢 2
𝜕2𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑅 𝜕𝑅
𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 + 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑦
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕2𝑢 𝜕2𝑢 𝜕2𝑢 𝜕𝑅 𝜕𝑅 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢

𝑥2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
= 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 𝑦
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

=R – R

=0

=RHS

Hence, proved

Q.18] If ∅ = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) & 𝑥 = √𝑣𝑤, 𝑦 = √𝑤𝑢, & 𝑧 = √𝑢𝑣 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡
𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝜕∅
u +𝑣 +𝑤 =𝑥 +𝑦 +𝑧
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

SOLUTION: Given, ∅ = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)

X=√𝑣𝑤, 𝑦 = √𝑤𝑢, 𝑧 = √𝑢𝑣

∅ → 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 → 𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤

By definition of chain rule of derivative

𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑥 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑦 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑧
= + + ___________(1)
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑢

𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑥 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑦 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑧
= + + __________(2)
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑣
𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑥 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑦 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑧
= + + ____________(3)
𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑤

Now, x=√𝑣𝑤, 𝑦 = √𝑤𝑢, 𝑧 = √𝑢𝑣

𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑤 𝜕𝑧 𝑣
=0 , = , =
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 2√𝑤𝑢 𝜕𝑢 2√𝑢𝑣

𝜕𝑥 𝑤 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝑢
= , =0 , =
𝜕𝑣 2√𝑣𝑤 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 2√𝑢𝑣

𝜕𝑥 𝑣 𝜕𝑦 𝑢 𝜕𝑧
= , = , =0
𝜕𝑤 2√𝑣𝑤 𝜕𝑤 2√𝑤𝑢 𝜕𝑤
𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝑤 𝜕∅ 𝑣
(1): = .0 + . + .
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 2√𝑤𝑢 𝜕𝑧 2√𝑢𝑣

𝜕∅ 𝑤 𝜕∅ 𝑣 𝜕∅
= . + .
𝜕𝑢 2√𝑤𝑢 𝜕𝑢 2√𝑢𝑣 𝜕𝑧
𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝑤 𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝑢
(2): = . + .0 + .
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑥 2√𝑣𝑤 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 2√𝑢𝑣

𝜕∅ 𝑤 𝜕∅ 𝑢 𝜕∅
= . + .
𝜕𝑣 2√𝑣𝑤 𝜕𝑥 2√𝑢𝑣 𝜕𝑧
𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝑣 𝜕∅ 𝑢 𝜕∅
(3): = . + + .0
𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑥 2√𝑣𝑤 𝜕𝑦 2√𝑤𝑢 𝜕𝑧

𝜕∅ 𝑣 𝜕∅ 𝑢 𝜕∅
= . + .
𝜕𝑤 2√𝑣𝑤 𝜕𝑥 2√𝑤𝑢 𝜕𝑦
𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝜕∅
LHS: u +𝑣 +𝑤
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑤

𝑤 𝜕∅ 𝑣 𝜕∅ 𝑤 𝜕∅ 𝑢 𝜕∅ 𝑣 𝜕∅ 𝑢 𝜕∅
=u[ + ]+v[ + ]+w[ + ]
2√𝑤𝑢 𝜕𝑦 2√𝑢𝑣 𝜕𝑧 2√𝑣𝑤 𝜕𝑥 2√𝑢𝑣 𝜕𝑧 2√𝑣𝑤 𝜕𝑥 2√𝑤𝑢 𝜕𝑦

√𝑤𝑢 𝜕∅ √𝑢𝑣 𝜕∅ √𝑣𝑤 𝜕∅ √𝑢𝑣 𝜕∅ √𝑣𝑤 𝜕∅ √𝑢𝑤 𝜕∅

= + + + + +
2 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑧 2 𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑧 2 𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦

𝑦 𝜕∅ 𝑧 𝜕∅ 𝑥 𝜕∅ 𝑧 𝜕∅ 𝑥 𝜕∅ 𝑦 𝜕∅
= + + + + +
2 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑧 2 𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑧 2 𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦

𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝜕∅
=x +𝑦 +𝑧
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
=RHS

Hence, proved
𝑦−𝑧 𝑧−𝑥 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
Q.19] If u=f( , ) 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 0
𝑥𝑦 𝑧𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝑦−𝑥 𝑧−𝑥
SOLUTION: Given, u=f( , )
𝑥𝑦 𝑧𝑥

U=f(𝑟, 𝑠)
𝑦−𝑥 1 −1
Where,r= =
𝑥𝑦 𝑥 𝑦

𝑧−𝑥 1 1
S= = −
𝑧𝑥 𝑥 𝑧

u→r,s→x,y,z

by definition of chain rule of derivative

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑠
= . + _________(1)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑠 𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑠
= + __________(2)
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑠 𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑠
= + __________(3)
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑠 𝜕𝑧

1 1 1 1
R= − , 𝑠= −
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑧

𝜕𝑟 −1 𝜕𝑠 −1
= , =
𝜕𝑥 𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥 𝑥 2
𝜕𝑟 1 𝜕𝑠
= 2, =0
𝜕𝑦 𝑦 𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑠 1
= 0, = 2
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝑧
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 −1 𝜕𝑢 −1
(1): = +
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑟 𝑥2 𝜕𝑠 𝑥 2

𝜕𝑢 1 −𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
= 2[ − ]
𝜕𝑥 𝑥 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑠
 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 1 𝜕𝑢
(2): = . + .0
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑟 𝑦2 𝜕𝑠

𝜕𝑢 1 𝜕𝑢
= 2.
𝜕𝑦 𝑦 𝜕𝑟
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 1
(3): = .0 + .
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑠 𝑧 2

𝜕𝑢 1 𝜕𝑢
= 2
𝜕𝑧 𝑧 𝜕𝑠
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
LHS: 𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

1 −𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 1 𝜕𝑢 1 𝜕𝑢
=𝑥 2 ( 𝜕𝑟 − 𝜕𝑠 )+𝑦 2 𝑦2 𝜕𝑟 + 𝑧 2 𝑧 2 𝜕𝑠
𝑥2

−𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
= − + +
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑠 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑠

=0

=RHS

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
Q.20]If u= log(𝑥 4 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 4 )then prove that 𝑥 2 2
+ 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦2 =-4
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2

SOLUTION: 𝑒 𝑢 = (𝑥 4 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 4 )

𝑥2𝑦2 𝑦4
=𝑥 4 (1 + + )
𝑥4 𝑥4

4 𝑦 2 𝑦 4
=𝑥 [1 + ( ) + ( ) ]
𝑥 𝑥

Here, f=𝑒 𝑢 is homogeneous function in x & y with degree n=4

Therefore, by eulers theorem

𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
x +𝑦 = 𝑛𝑓
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑦

𝜕 𝜕
x 𝑒𝑢 + 𝑦 𝑒 𝑢 =4𝑒 𝑢
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
x𝑒 𝑢 + 𝑦𝑒 𝑢 = 4𝑒 𝑢
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
𝑒 𝑢 [𝑥 + 𝑦 ] = 4𝑒 𝑢
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
x +𝑦 =4__________(1)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

differentiate equation (1) on both side partially with respect to x & y

respectively
𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕
[𝑥 +𝑦 ]= 4
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕𝑢
x + 𝑥+𝑦 =0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
x 2
+ (1) + 𝑦 =0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

multiply x on both side

𝜕2𝑢
2
𝜕𝑢 𝜕2𝑢
𝑥 +𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 = 0___________(2)
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕
[𝑥 +𝑦 ]= 4
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕
x +𝑦 + 𝑦=0
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢
x +𝑦 + (1) = 0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦

multiply y on both side

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢
xy + 𝑦2 +𝑦 = 0__________(3)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦

add equation (2) & (3)

𝜕2𝑢
2
𝜕𝑢 𝜕2𝑢 𝜕2𝑢 2
𝜕2𝑢 𝜕𝑢
𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 + 𝑦 =0+0
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦

2
𝜕2𝑢 𝜕2𝑢 2
𝜕2𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 = − [𝑥 + 𝑦 ]
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
 =-[4]

2
𝜕2𝑢 𝜕2𝑢 2
𝜕2𝑢
𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 +𝑦 = −4
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2

Hence proved