NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Civil Engineering Department

Learning Module #6

MATH 213
ODE: Elimination of
Arbitrary Constant(s)
𝐄𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐫𝐛𝐢𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭(𝐬)

Properties of ODE:
• The order of DE is equal to the number of arbitrary constants in the given
relation.
• The DE is consistent with the relation.
• The DE is free from ARBITRARY CONSTANTS.

As a rule for finding the DE, differentiate the given function or relation as
many times depending on the number of constant present in the function.
𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞#𝟏. Eliminate the arbitrary constant c of the given equation.
𝑥3 − 3𝑥2𝑦 = 𝑐
Solution:
Taking the partial derivative of DE;
3
𝑑 2
𝑑 2
𝑑
𝑥 −3 𝑦 𝑥 +𝑥 𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
3𝑥2 − 3 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥2 =0
𝑑𝑥
Simplifying;
3𝑥2𝑑𝑥 − 6𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 3𝑥2𝑑𝑦 = 0
1
3𝑥2𝑑𝑥 − 6𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 − =0 3𝑥2𝑑𝑦
3𝑥
𝑥𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 𝒅𝒙 − 𝒙𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎 Answer
𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞#𝟐. 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦2 = 𝑐
Solution:
Taking the partial derivative of DE;
𝑑 𝑑 2
𝑑 2
𝑑
𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 𝑥 +𝑥 𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦
𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
Simplifying;
𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝒚 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 − 𝒚 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎 Answer
𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞#𝟑. 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥

Solution:
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥 equation (1)
Taking the 1st partial derivative;
𝑑𝑦 −3𝑥
𝑑 −3𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
= 𝑐1 𝑒 +𝑒 𝑐1 + 𝑐2 𝑒 2𝑥 +𝑒 2𝑥 𝑐2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 ′ = −3𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 2𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥 equation (2)
Taking the 2nd partial derivative;
−3𝑥
𝑑 −3𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦" = −3𝑐1 𝑒 + −3𝑒 𝑐1 + 2𝑐2 𝑒 2𝑥 + 2𝑒 2𝑥 𝑐2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 ′′ = 9𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 4𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥 equation (3)
 −3𝑥 2𝑥
equation (1) 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 + 𝑐2𝑒
equation (2) 𝑦 ′ = −3𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 2𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥
equation (3) 𝑦 ′′ = 9𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 4𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥
Eq. (1) and Eq.(2)
[𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥 ](3) Eq. (4) and Eq.(5)
3𝑦 = 3𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 3𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥 ] [3𝑦 + 𝑦 ′ = 5𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥 ](2)
𝑦 ′ = −3𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 2𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥
3𝑦 + 𝑦 ′ = 5𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥 eq. (4) 𝑦" + 3𝑦′ = 10𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥
Eq. (2) and Eq.(3) 2𝑦 ′ + 6𝑦 = 10𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥
[𝑦 ′ = −3𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 2𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥 ](3) 𝒚" + 𝒚′ − 𝟔𝒚 = 𝟎 Answer
3𝑦 ′ = −9𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 6𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥
𝑦 ′′ = 9𝑐1 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 4𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥
3𝑦′ + 𝑦 ′′ = 10𝑐2𝑒 2𝑥 eq. (5)
𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞#𝟒. 𝑥2𝑦 = 1 + 𝑐𝑥
Solution:
2
𝑑 2
𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 𝑥 +𝑥 𝑦 =0+𝑐 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥2 =𝑐 ; 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝐸
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑥2𝑦 = 1 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥2
𝑥
𝑑𝑥
2 2 3
𝑑𝑦
𝑥 𝑦 = 1 + 2𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑥2𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 1𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥2𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥3𝑑𝑦
𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐𝒚 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒙𝟑𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎 Answer
𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞#𝟔. 𝐸𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 , ω 𝑏𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑡
𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑥 = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛(ω𝑡 + 𝐵)
Solution:
𝑥 = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛(ω𝑡 + 𝐵) eq. (1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑 𝑑
= 𝐴 sin(ω𝑡 + 𝐵) + sin(ω𝑡 + 𝐵) 𝐴
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
= 𝐴ω cos(ω𝑡 + 𝐵) eq. (2)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑2𝑥 𝑑 𝑑
2
= 𝐴ω cos(ω𝑡 + 𝐵) + ωcos(ω𝑡 + 𝐵) 𝐴
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑2𝑥 2 sin(ω𝑡 + 𝐵)
= −𝐴ω eq. (3)
𝑑𝑡2
eq. (1) 𝑥 = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛(ω𝑡 + 𝐵)
𝑑𝑥
eq. (2) = 𝐴ω cos(ω𝑡 + 𝐵)
𝑑𝑡
eq. (3) 𝑑2 𝑥 2 sin(ω𝑡 + 𝐵)
= −𝐴ω
𝑑𝑡2

Eq. (1) and Eq.(3)

𝑥 = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛 ω𝑡 + 𝐵 ω2
𝑑2𝑥 2 sin(ω𝑡 + 𝐵)
= −𝐴ω
𝑑𝑡2
ω2𝑥 = 𝐴ω2 sin(ω𝑡 + 𝐵)
𝒅𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙 = 0
+ 𝝎 Answer
𝒅𝒕𝟐
End of Presentation