Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

BatStateU Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City
College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
https://batstate-u.edu.ph/, Tel. No. (043) 425-0139 loc. 118/2121

Sanitary Engineering Department

MATH 404 - Differential Equations

Group Activity No. 1

Group 3
1. Añonuevo, Ilonah Joy D.
2. Bereña, Nicko Frederick B.
3. Diezmos, Godwin Allen A.
4. Labrador, Jaycel C.
5. Maranan, Kate Sarah
6. Padulina, Angelica R.
7. Sales, Trisha Mae P.
Instructor: Engr. Jerry Mae C. Alonzo

Problem Solving: Introduction to Differential Equation

1) Find the differential equation whose general solution is

𝑦 = C1 𝑒 −2𝑥 + C2 𝑒 3𝑥

Solution:
𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 3𝑥
𝑦 ′ = −2𝐶1 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 3𝐶2 𝑒 3𝑥
𝑦 ′′ = 4𝐶1 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 9𝐶2 𝑒 3𝑥

6[𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 3𝑥 ]6
6𝑦 = 6𝐶1 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 6𝐶2 𝑒 3𝑥

𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 ′ − 6𝑦 = 4𝐶1 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 9𝐶2 𝑒 3𝑥 − (−2𝐶1 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 3𝐶2 𝑒 3𝑥 ) − (6𝐶1 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 6𝐶2 𝑒 3𝑥 )

𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 ′ − 6𝑦 = 4𝐶1 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 9𝐶2 𝑒 3𝑥 + 2𝐶1 𝑒 −2𝑥 − 3𝐶2 𝑒 3𝑥 − 6𝐶1 𝑒 −2𝑥 − 6𝐶2 𝑒 3𝑥

𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 ′ − 6𝑦 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑦" − 𝑦′ − 6𝑦 = 0

2) Eliminate the constant c from the equation:

(𝑥 − 𝑐)2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑐 2

Solution:
(𝑥 − 𝑐)2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑐 2
2 (𝑥 − 𝑐) + 2𝑦 = 0
 1
[2 (𝑥 − 𝑐) = −2𝑦]
2
𝑥 − 𝑐 = −𝑦
𝑥+𝑦 =𝑐
[𝑥 − (𝑥 + 𝑦)]2 + 𝑦 2 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)2
𝑦 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
𝑦 2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦
0 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦

0 = (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) + 2𝑥𝑦

3) Eliminate A and B from

𝑥 = 𝐴 sin(𝜔𝑡 + 𝐵)
𝜔 being a parameter not to be eliminated

Solution:
𝑥 = 𝐴 sin(𝜔𝑡 + 𝐵)
𝑑𝑥
= 𝐴 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝐵) 𝜔
𝑑𝑡

𝑑2𝑥
= 𝐴[− sin(𝜔𝑡 + 𝐵)] 𝜔(𝜔)
𝑑𝑡 2
𝑑2𝑥
= −𝐴𝜔2 [sin(𝜔𝑡 + 𝐵)]
𝑑𝑡 2
𝑑2𝑥
= −𝜔2 [(𝐴)(sin(𝜔𝑡 + 𝐵))]
𝑑𝑡 2
𝑑2𝑥
= −𝜔2 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑡 2

𝑑2𝑥
2
+ 𝜔2 𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑡

4) 𝑐𝑦 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦

Solution:
𝑐𝑦 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦

1
[𝑐𝑦 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦]
𝑦2
𝑥2 + 𝑦
𝑐=
𝑦2
2 (2𝑥
𝑦 + 𝑦 ′ ) − (𝑥 2 + 𝑦)2𝑦𝑦 ′
0=
𝑦4
2 (2𝑥
𝑦 + 𝑦 − (𝑥 + 𝑦)2𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0
′) 2

[𝑦 2 (2𝑥 + 𝑦 ′ ) − (𝑥 2 + 𝑦)2𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0]
 2𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ − 2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 2 𝑦′
−𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ + 2𝑥𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0
−(𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑦 ′ + 2𝑥𝑦 2 = 0
𝑦

−(𝑦 + 2𝑥 2 )𝑦 ′ + 2𝑥𝑦 = 0

5) 𝑦 sin 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦 2 = 𝑐

Solution:
𝑦 sin 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦 2 = 𝑐
[𝑦 (cos 𝑥) + sin 𝑥(𝑦 ′ )] − [𝑥(2𝑦𝑦 ′ ) + 𝑦 2 ] = 0
𝑦 cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥𝑦 ′ − 2𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 2 = 0
𝑦 cos 𝑥 − 𝑦 2 + sin 𝑥𝑦 ′ − 2𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0

𝑦(cos 𝑥 − 𝑦) + (sin 𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦)𝑦 ′ = 0

6) 𝑥 2 𝑦 = 1 + 𝑐𝑥

Solution:
1
[𝑥 2 𝑦 = 1 + 𝑐𝑥]
𝑥
𝑥2𝑦 − 1
=𝑐
𝑥
𝑥 3 𝑦 ′ + 2𝑥 2 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 1
𝑥 3 𝑦 ′ + 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 1 = 0

𝑥 3 𝑦 ′ + (𝑥 2 𝑦 + 1) = 0

or

𝑥 2 𝑦 = 1 + 𝑐𝑥
𝑥 2 𝑦 ′ + 2𝑥𝑦 = 𝑐

𝑥 2 𝑦 = 1 + (𝑥 2 𝑦 ′ + 2𝑥𝑦)𝑥
𝑥 2 𝑦 = 1 + 𝑥 3 𝑦 ′ + 2𝑥 2 𝑦

𝑥 3 𝑦 ′ + 𝑥 2 𝑦 = −1

7) 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 = 𝑐

Solution:
𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 = 𝑐
3𝑥 2 − 3(𝑥 2 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦2𝑥) = 0
 1
[3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 ′ − 6𝑥𝑦 = 0]
3𝑥

𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 = 0

𝑥3
8) 𝑦 = solves 𝑦′ = 𝑥2
3

Solution:
𝑥3
𝑦=
3
3(3𝑥 2 ) − 𝑥 3
𝑦′ =
(3)2
2
9𝑥
𝑦′ =
9
𝑦 = 𝑥2
𝑥3
∴𝑦= 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑥 2
3

9) 𝑦 = 2𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑥 − 1 solves 𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 − 𝑦

Solution:
𝑦 = 2𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑥 − 1
𝑦 ′ = −2𝑒 −𝑥 + 1
𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = −2𝑒 −𝑥 + 1 + 2𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑥 − 1
𝑦′ + 𝑦 = 𝑥
𝑦′ = 𝑥 − 𝑦
∴ 𝑦 = 2𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑥 − 1 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 − 𝑦

𝑒𝑥
10) 𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑥 − solves 𝑦 ′ = 3𝑦 + 𝑒 𝑥
2

Solution:
𝑒𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑥 −
2
𝑒𝑥
𝑦 ′ = 3𝑒 3𝑥 −
2

𝑒𝑥
3 [𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑥 −]3
2
3𝑥
3𝑒 𝑥
3𝑦 = 3𝑒 −
2
 𝑒𝑥 3𝑒 𝑥
𝑦 ′ − 3𝑦 = 3𝑒 3𝑥 − − (3𝑒 3𝑥 − )
2 2
𝑒𝑥 3𝑒 𝑥
𝑦 ′ − 3𝑦 = 3𝑒 3𝑥 − − 3𝑒 3𝑥 +
2 2
𝑥
2𝑒
𝑦 ′ − 3𝑦 =
2
𝑦 ′ − 3𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥
𝑦 ′ = 3𝑦 + 𝑒 𝑥
𝑒𝑥
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑥 − 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑦 ′ = 3𝑦 + 𝑒^𝑥
2

1
11) 𝑦 = 1−𝑥 solves 𝑦′ = 𝑦2

Solution:
1
𝑦=
1−𝑥
1
𝑦=
(1 − 𝑥)2

1 2
[𝑦 = ]
1−𝑥
1
𝑦2 =
(1 − 𝑥)2

𝑦′ = 𝑦2

1
∴𝑦= 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑦 ′ = 𝑦 2
1−𝑥
2
𝑒𝑥
12) 𝑦 = solves 𝑦 ′ = 𝑥𝑦
2

Solution:
2
𝑒𝑥
𝑦=
2
2
′
2𝑥𝑒 𝑥
𝑦 =
22
𝑥
′
𝑒
𝑦 =𝑥
2
𝑦 ′ = 𝑥𝑦
2
𝑒𝑥
∴𝑦= 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑦 ′ = 𝑥𝑦
2
13) 𝑦 = 4 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥 solves 𝑥𝑦 ′ = 1

Solution:
𝑦 = 4 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥
1
𝑦′ = 0 +
𝑥
1
𝑦′ =
𝑥
𝑥𝑦 ′ = 1
∴ 𝑦 = 4 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑥𝑦 ′ = 1

14) 𝑦 = 3 − 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥 solves 𝑦 ′ = 𝑙𝑛𝑥

Solution:
𝑦 = 3 − 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥
1
𝑦 ′ = 0 − 1 + 𝑥 ( ) + 𝑙𝑛𝑥(1)
𝑥
𝑦 ′ = −1 + 1 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑦 ′ = 𝑙𝑛𝑥
∴ 𝑦 = 3 − 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑦 ′ = 𝑙𝑛𝑥

15) 𝑦 = 2𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 1 solves 𝑦 ′ = 𝑦 + 𝑥

Solution:
𝑦 = 2𝑒 2 − 𝑥 − 1
𝑦 ′ = 2𝑒 𝑥 − 1

𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 = 2𝑒 𝑥 − 1 − (2𝑒 2 − 𝑥 − 1)
𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 = 2𝑒 𝑥 − 1 − 2𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1
𝑦′ − 𝑦 = 𝑥
𝑦′ = 𝑥 + 𝑦
∴ 𝑦 = 2𝑒 2 − 𝑥 − 1 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 + 𝑦

sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
16) 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 + − solves 𝑦 ′ = cos 𝑥 + 𝑦
2 2

Solution:
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑒𝑥 + 2 − 2

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑦′ = 𝑒 𝑥 + +
2 2
 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑦′ − 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 + + − (𝑒 𝑥 + − )
2 2 2 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑦′ − 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 + + − 𝑒𝑥 − +
2 2 2 2
2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑦′ − 𝑦 =
2
𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑦 ′ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑦
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑒𝑥 + − 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑦 ′ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑦
2 2

17) 𝑦 = 𝜋𝑒 − cos 𝑥 solves 𝑦 ′ = 𝑦 sin 𝑥

Solution:
𝑦 = 𝜋𝑒 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑦 ′ = (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)(𝜋𝑒 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )
𝑦 ′ = (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)(𝑦)
𝑦 ′ = 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
∴ 𝑦 = 𝜋𝑒 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑦 ′ = 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

18) Show that 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 is a solution to the d.e.

𝑒𝑦 = 𝑥2𝑦′

Solution:
𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥
1
𝑦′ =
𝑥

𝑒𝑦 = 𝑥2𝑦′
1
𝑒 𝑙𝑛𝑥 = 𝑥 2 ( )
𝑥
𝑥=𝑥
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′

19) Show that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 is a solution to the d.e.

2𝑓 ′ (𝑥) − 2𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓"(𝑥)

Solution:
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑒 𝑥 )(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) + (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)(𝑒 𝑥 )
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = (𝑒 𝑥 )(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) + (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)(𝑒 𝑥 ) + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = 2𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
 2𝑓 ′ (𝑥) − 2𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥)
2(𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) − 2𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 2𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 2𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 2𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 2𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 2𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥)
0=0

∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2𝑓 ′ (𝑥) − 2𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥)

20) Show that 𝑦 = 5𝑥 2 is not a solution to the d.e.

2
𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦" = 2𝑦
5

Solution:
𝑦 = 5𝑥 2
𝑦 ′ = 10𝑥
𝑦 ′′ = 10
2
𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 ′′ = 2𝑦
5
2
𝑥(10𝑥) + (10) = 2(5𝑥 2 )
5
10𝑥 2 + 4 = 10𝑥 2
10𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 2 + 4 = 0
4=0
2
∴ 𝑦 = 5𝑥 2 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 ′′ = 2𝑦
5