Assignment-1:

Prepare a list of formulas for Differentiation and Integration, that is, from Chapters 2, 3, and 5

Submission: Due on 17th October, in Google classroom.

7.1: Integration by Substitution

Backward Chain :
𝑑
Chain Rule: 𝑑𝑥 [𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))] = 𝑓 ′ (𝑔(𝑥)) ∙ 𝑔′ (𝑥)

Backward Chain Rule:

𝑑𝑢
∫ 𝑓 ′ (𝑔(𝑥)) ∙ 𝑔′ (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓 ′ (𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 ; Set 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥). Then = 𝑔′ (𝑥) → 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑔′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑓(𝑢)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑓 (𝑢) + 𝐶
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥) + 𝐶 ; 𝐶 is a constant.

1 𝑑𝑢 1
1. ∫(4𝑥 + 3)9 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢9 𝑑𝑢 ; Set 𝑢 = 4𝑥 + 3, =4→ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
4 𝑑𝑥 4
1 1 𝑥10
= ∫ 𝑢9 𝑑𝑢 = +𝐶
4 4 10
1 10
= 𝑥 +𝐶
40
 Formula for ∫(𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟)𝑛 𝑑𝑥 ∶
(𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏)𝑛+1
∫(𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏)𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
𝑚 (𝑛 + 1)

2. ∫ 12𝑥 2 (4𝑥 3 + 3)9 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢9 𝑑𝑢 ; 𝑢 = 4𝑥 3 + 3 → 𝑑𝑢 = 12𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑𝑢 1
3. ∫ 𝑥 2 (4𝑥 3 + 3)9 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢9 𝑑𝑢 ; Set, 𝑢 = 4𝑥 3 + 3 . Then = 12𝑥 2 → 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
12 𝑑𝑥 12
 For the method of 𝑢 −substitution: Method is used to integrate a product of two functions,
where one of the function is a composite function and the other one is a scalar multiple of the
derivative of input function.

Note that ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 cannot be integrated by 𝑢 −substitution.

 𝑑𝑢 1
4. ∫ 𝑒 −3𝑥 sin(𝑒 −3𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 ; Set 𝑢 = 𝑒 −3𝑥 . Then = −3 𝑒 −3𝑥 → − 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 −3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 3
1
∫ sin 𝑢 (− ) 𝑑𝑢
3
1
= − ∫ sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
3
1
=− (− cos 𝑢) + 𝐶
3
1
= cos(𝑒 −3𝑥 ) + 𝐶
3
𝜋
2
𝜋
𝜋 𝜋
5. ∫ sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = [ − cos 𝑢 + 𝐶]02 = − cos ( ) + 𝐶 − (− cos 0 + 𝐶 ) = − cos ( ) + cos 0 = 1
2 2
0

sec(√𝑥) tan(√𝑥) 1
6. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ sec(√𝑥) tan(√𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 ;
√𝑥 √𝑥
𝑑𝑢 1 1
Set , 𝑢 = √𝑥 → = → 2 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2√𝑥 √𝑥

= ∫ sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 2 𝑑𝑢

= 2 sec 𝑢 + 𝐶

= 2 sec √𝑥 + 𝐶

Please practice exercises from section 7.1.