JAVA DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. How are Java source code files named?

A Java source code file takes the name of a public class or interface that is
defined within the file. A source code file may contain at most one public
class or interface. If a public class or interface is defined within a source code
file, then the source code file must take the name of the public class or
interface. If no public class or interface is defined within a source code file,
then the file must take on a name that is different than its classes and
interfaces. Source code files use the .java extension.

2. How does a try statement determine which catch clause should

be used to handle an exception?

When an exception is thrown within the body of a try statement, the

catch clauses of the try statement are examined in the order in which they
appear. The first catch clause that is capable of handling the exception is
executed. The remaining catch clauses are ignored.
 
3. What is meant by garbage collection? How is it done in Java?

The purpose of garbage collection is to identify and discard objects

that are no longer needed by a program so that their resources may be
reclaimed and reused. Garbage collection does not guarantee that a program
will not run out of memory. It is possible for programs to use up memory
resources faster than they are garbage collected. It is also possible for
programs to create objects that are not subject to garbage collection.

An object's finalize() method may only be invoked once by the garbage

collector. The purpose of finalization is to give an unreachable object the
opportunity to perform any cleanup processing before the object is garbage
collected. An object is subject to garbage collection when it becomes
unreachable to the program in which it is used.

3. What is synchronization and why is it important?

Synchronized methods are methods that are used to control access to

an object. A thread only executes a synchronized method after it has
acquired the lock for the method's object or class. Synchronized statements
are similar to synchronized methods. A synchronized statement can only be
executed after a thread has acquired the lock for the object or class
referenced in the synchronized statement.
 
5. What is the difference between the Boolean & operator and the &&
operator?

If an expression involving the Boolean & operator is evaluated, both

operands are evaluated. Then the & operator is applied to the operand. When
an expression involving the && operator is evaluated, the first operand is
evaluated. If the first operand returns a value of true then the second
operand is evaluated. The && operator is then applied to the first and second
operands. If the first operand evaluates to false, the evaluation of the second
operand is skipped.

8. What is meant by final class, methods and variables ?

A final variable is essentially a constant. Variables declared as final do

not occupy memory on a per-instance basis.
 Final methods are used to prevent method overriding.

Final class is used to prevent inheritance.

9. What is method overriding?

In a class hierarchy, when a method in a subclass has the same name

and type signature as a method in its superclass, then the method in the
subclass is said to override the method in its superclass. When an overridden
method is called from within a subclass, it will always refer to the version of
that method defined by the subclass. The version of the method defined by
the superclass will be hidden.

10. What is the Java Virtual Machine?

The JVM is the software that executes Java bytecode. A Java program,
written in a file with a .java extension, is c ompiled into class files that have
a .class extension. The class files are written in bytecode. To execute these
files, the computer uses the JVM to interpret the bytecode. A browser that is
capable of executing Java applets has the JVM built into it. To run a Java
application, the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) must be installed. The
bytecode is the same for all platforms, but the JVM will be different on
different platforms because it needs to execute programs using the native
code of the machine it is running on.