October 2011

Technical Glossary
for Course Providers
English to Chinese (Mandarin)
 

© NEBOSH 2011

This glossary contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v1.0.

Copyright © International Labour Organization 1998 for the definitions of the terminology contained in the ILO Encyclopaedia on Occupational Health
and Safety for the preparation of this technical glossary. ILO Encyclopaedia online:
http://www.ilo.org/safework_bookshelf/english?d&nd=170000102&nh=0

Published by the National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health (NEBOSH), Dominus Way, Meridian Business Park, Leicester LE19
1QW. Registered Charity Number 1010444

telephone: 0116 263 4700 fax: 0116 282 4000

email: info@nebosh.org.uk website: www.nebosh.org.uk

TG E-A 150611

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Technical Glossary for Course Providers
English to Chinese (Mandarin)

1. Introduction

This document is intended to clarify and define standard health and safety technical terms within NEBOSH National and International
General Certificates in Occupational Health and Safety, to assist in the consistency of language when translating examination
questions from English into other languages.

If this document is provided to a third party (eg, a translator), they must sign a confidentiality agreement to prevent the unauthorised
use or dissemination of this document.

2. Hierarchy of sources for definitions

1 ILO Conventions and Recommendations

2 “ILO Encyclopaedia” ISBN 92-2-109203-8

3 Internationally accepted definitions such as UN Hazardous Substances, OGP documents etc

4 UK legal definitions

5 HSE ACoPs, Guidance notes, etc

6 Oxford English Dictionary

7 Other sources

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Abrasive A substance capable of rubbing 磨料 一种能够用于磨除或打磨其他物质的材料 6
away or grinding another
substance
Absenteeism The repeated absence from work 习惯性缺勤 员工经常性的矿工 6
of employees
Absorption With respect to noise: the use of 吸收 对于噪音而言，是指在建筑物中使用吸音材料 5
noise absorption materials within a
building to reduce or limit the 来减少或限制回音的影响，从而降低噪音
effects of reflected sound and
hence reduce noise levels
Acceptable/tolerable risk levels A judgement made in a risk 可接受风险 在进行风险评估的时候，个人或小组经判断认 2
assessment of the level of risk that
should be accepted or tolerated by 为可接受或可容忍的风险级别；或者“怎样才
a person or group of people; or 足够安全？”
“How safe is safe enough?”
Access A way or means of approach, e.g. 通道 一种进出或到达的路径或方法，比如：入口、 6
an entrance, access ladder,
passage, or doorway 梯子，通道或门
Access boards Substantial wooden boards laid flat 踏板 一种固定在脚手架上的结实木板，其主要用途 7
on scaffolding to provide the
surface of a working platform 是搭建适合人员走动和作业的工作平台
suitable for people to walk on and
work from
Access ladders Ladders securely fitted to the walls 梯子 被固定在沟槽侧壁体上、用作人员安全进出的 7
of an excavation trench to allow
safe access and egress 梯子
Accountability To give account of, and answer 责任 对行使的职责负责 6
for, discharge of duties or conduct;
responsibility
Active monitoring The ongoing activities which check 主动监控 对包括隐患和风险的预防和保护措施、以及职 5
that hazard and risk preventive
and protective measures, as well 业健康安全管理体系的执行情况所进行的持续
as the arrangements to implement 检查，以确保符合设定的标准
the occupational health and safety
management system, conform to
defined criteria
Acts or omissions A term used in International 行为或过失 国际劳工组织条款和推荐做法中所使用的术语 1
Labour Organisation conventions
and recommendations and in ，在英国法律中用以界定一方对另一方的健康
national legislation to help define 和安全责任，例如在1981年颁布的职业安全
the extent of duty owed by one
party to another with regard to 与健康推荐做法的第16条提到：“工人应合理
ensuring health and safety, e.g. in 的顾及自己的安全，并顾及其他在工作中可能
article 16 of Occupational Safety
and Health Recommendation, 受其行为或过失影响的人员的安全”
1981 workers should “take
reasonable care for their own
safety and that of other persons
who may be affected by their acts
or omissions at work”
Acute health effects Negative impacts on health that 急性健康影响 在有限暴露于危害之后，短时间内（几小时， 2
occur after limited exposure and
shortly (hours, days) after 几天）出现的对健康的不良影响，这些影响既
exposure and may be reversible or 可是可以恢复的也可是不可恢复的
irreversible
Adjustable/self-adjusting Fixed or movable guard which is 可调整/可自行调 固定的或活动的防护罩，它可作为一个整体进 3
guards adjustable as a whole or which
incorporates adjustable part(s). 整防护罩 行调整，或通过其可调整部件进行调节。经调
The adjustment remains fixed 整后的防护罩在某种特定的操作中保持不变
during a particular operation
Aerosol A suspension of particles 悬浮物 分散悬浮在空气中或气体中的颗粒，例如薄雾 6
dispersed in the air or in a gas,
such as mist, fog, or smoke 、雾或烟
Ambient The temperature or noise levels of 背景环境 特定环境周边的气温或噪音的背景值 6
the surrounding environment.
Aptitude Natural ability or skill 本能 天生的能力或技能 6
Arc-eye A painful eye condition caused by 弧光眼 由于暴露于强烈的紫外线而导致的眼睛疼痛症 7
exposure to intense ultra violet
light. 状
Assembly point A place, away from the premises, 集合点 人员从建筑物撤离后或逃离火灾后的聚集地点 5
in which people gather after having
evacuated from a building and at ，在这个地点人员不会受到火灾的直接威胁
which they are in no immediate
danger from the effects of a fire
Asthma A respiratory disease, 哮喘 一种呼吸疾病，特征为间歇性发作的呼吸困难 6
characterized by intermittent
paroxysms of difficult breathing, ，伴随喘息声、胸部压迫感、咳嗽和有痰
with a wheezing sound, a sense of
constriction in the chest, cough,
and expectoration.
Attitude Settled behaviour or manner of 态度 习惯性的代表情感和观点的行为或举止方式 6
acting, as representative of feeling
or opinion

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Audit A systematic, independent and 审核 一种系统的、独立的和文件化的过程，其目的 3
documented process for obtaining
evidence and evaluating it 是获取证据并进行客观评价，以确定其对标准
objectively to determine the extent 的符合程度
to which defined criteria are
fulfilled
Barrier A fence or material obstruction of 屏障 用于阻止人员进入或防止人员坠落而设置的围 6
any kind erected (or serving) to
prevent access to or fall from a 栏或障碍物
place
Battering Digging an excavation with its 放坡 挖沟槽时，侧壁保持一定的坡度以减少坍塌的 7
walls sloped back at a
predetermined angle to reduce the 风险
risk of the walls collapsing
Behavioural controls A control method which uses 行为控制 一种用于改变个人或多人的行为以实现其目标 7
means to alter a person or persons
behaviour to achieve its objectives 的控制方法
Benchmarking The action or practice of 对标 将某件事情与标准进行比较的做法和过程 7
comparing something against a
standard
Biological agents A micro-organism (virus, bacteria, 生物制剂 一种微生物（病毒、细菌、真菌）或人类寄生 5
fungi) or human endoparasite,
which may cause infection, allergy 虫，它们可能导致传染、敏感、中毒或者对人
or toxicity or otherwise create a 的健康产生危害
hazard to human health
Biological hazard A hazard to which a person could 生化危害 人员可能接触到的本身就有生化危害的微生物 7
be exposed as a result of the
dangerous properties of an agent 种，例如微生物、细胞或人体寄生虫
that is biological in nature, e.g.
micro-organism, cell, culture or
human endoparasite
Biological monitoring Medical tests carried out to check 生化监测 对可能接触到化学物质、金属物质或生物制剂 7
for trace indicators of chemicals,
metallic substances, or biological 的人员进行微量指标的医学检测。通常史进行
agents in the body to which 血液和尿液检测
workers may have been exposed;
usually they will be blood or urine
tests
Board A body of persons officially 董事会 一个由多人组成的、为处理或监管某些特定业 6
constituted for the transaction or
superintendence of some 务而建立的正式主体
particular business
Brush-cutter A mechanical cutting device 割草机 一种用于切割草和其他植物的机械设备 5
designed to cut grass and other
vegetation.
Buried services Electricity cabling, water or gas 地下设施 掩埋在地下的电缆、水管或气管等设施 7
pipes etc. buried underground
By-pass With regard to machinery 旁通 使机械保护失去功效的做法 7
guarding, to ignore, cause to fail,
frustrate, nullify
Carcinogenic substances A substances or a mixture of 致癌物 可能导致癌症的一种物质或多种物质的混合物 7
substances which may cause
cancer
Cellular defence mechanism With respect to hazardous 细胞防御机制 针对有害物质而言：是指在身体在细胞层面试 7
substances: the means by which
the human body attempts to expel 图消除或中和体内的有害物质，例如免疫系统
or neutralise harmful substances 的作用
inside the body at a cellular level,
e.g. by the action of the immune
system
Cement mixer A mechanical device that uses a 水泥搅拌器 一种通过转桶的转动使水泥在其中进行混合的 7
rotating drum in which cement is
mixed 机械设备
Checklist A list of names, titles, etc., 检查表 包含姓名、职位等信息的表格，用于参考、比 6
arranged to form a means of
reference, comparison, or 较或确认
verification
Checkout An area including the till at which 收银台 商店里的付款地方 6
payment is made in a shop
Chemical hazard A hazard to which a person could 化学危害 当人暴露于危险化学品时，例如有毒物品、腐 7
be exposed as a result of the
dangerous properties of a 蚀性等，可能存在的一种危害
chemical, e.g. toxicity,
corrosiveness etc.
Chronic health effects Negative impacts on health that 慢性健康影响 因长时间（几个月、几年、几十年）暴露于有 2
occur after prolonged exposure
(months, years, decades) and/or 害环境而对健康造成的不良影响，和/或在离
persist after exposure has ceased 开有害环境之后这些不良影响依然存在
Cleaner One whose work is to clean some 清洁工 专职清洁一些特殊物品或场所的人 6
particular thing or premises
Combustible Capable of being burnt or 可燃的 能被点燃或能维持燃烧的 6
consumed by fire, fit for burning,
burnable

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Commuting accident An accident resulting in death or 路途事故 发生在以下途中的导致人员伤亡的事故： 1
personal injury occurring on the
direct way between the place of  从员工的工作场所到其主要或备用住所的正
work and: 常路途上；
 the worker's principal or
 secondary residence; or  从员工的工作场所到其用餐场所的正常路途
 the place where the worker
上；
usually takes a meal; or the
place where the worker usually  从员工的工作场所到其领取报酬的场所的正
receives his or her remuneration 常路途上

Compactor A device designed to compress 压实机 一种设计用来压实容器内的材料或垃圾的装置 5

material or waste into a container
Competent person A person possessing adequate 胜任人员 是指拥有足够资质的人员，例如针对某项特定 7
qualifications, such as suitable
training and sufficient knowledge, 工作，他具有足够的培训、知识、经验和技能
experience and skill for the safe 来安全完成该项工作
performance of the specific work
Condensation The conversion of a substance 凝析 一种物质从气态或蒸汽状态转换成液态的过程 6
from the state of gas or vapour to
the liquid
Conduction (of heat) The transfer of heat through solid 传导（热） 热量通过固体材料进行传输 2
materials
Confined space Any place, including any chamber, 受限空间 包括密室、罐、缸、料仓、池子、沟渠、管道 4
tank, vat, silo, pit, trench, pipe,
sewer, flue, well or other similar 、下水道、烟筒、井或其他类似的空间，由于
space in which, by virtue of its 其封闭特性而导致一些可以预见到的比如由火
enclosed nature, there arises a
reasonably foreseeable specified 灾和爆炸引起的特殊风险，以及由于体温上升
risk such as from a fire or 引起的昏迷等风险
explosion, the loss of
consciousness arising from an
increase in body temperature
Consultation The act of seeking the advice or 咨询 从第三方寻求建议或意见的行为 6
opinion of a third party
Contract An oral or written agreement made 合同 由双方或多方约定的符合法律的口头或书面协 7
between two or more parties which
is intended to be legally binding 议
Contractor A person or an organisation 承包商 依据所约定的规范、条款和条件，为另外一个 3
providing services to another
organisation in accordance with 组织提供服务个人或组织
agreed specifications, terms and
conditions
Contravention The action of going against a rule ; 违背 违反规定的行为 6
violation, infringement,
transgression
Control hierarchy The ordering of available control 控制优先等级 依据保护人员的措施的有效性而制定的控制措 2
measures based upon the relative
importance of each in protecting 施优先次序。该优先等级强调了工程控制措施
people. The hierarchy 优先于管理控制措施、个人防护用品和培训措
emphasizes the importance of
engineering controls over 施
administrative controls, personal
protective equipment and training
Control measure An action implemented in specific 控制措施 在特定的环境下实施的用以消除风险或将风险 7
circumstances to either eliminate
risk or reduce it to an acceptable 减小到可接受的程度的措施
level
Controlled drugs Drugs with misuse and/or 受控药品 除了一些特殊情况（例如，医生用作处方药） 5
dependence liability of which the
production, supply and possession 外，法律明确规定滥用，以及/或生产、供应
is unlawful under specific legal 和拥有某些药品都是非法的
requirement except in certain
specified circumstances (for ，这些药品就是受控药品
example, when they have been
prescribed by a doctor)
Convection The transfer of heat from a liquid 热对流 热量从液体或气体（如：空气、火焰）转移到 2
or gas (i.e. air, flames or fire
products) to a solid or liquid 固体或液体表面
surface.
Conveyor Mechanical devices that allow 传送器 使装载的货物自动运送到工作场所的机械装置 5
loads to be transported
automatically around a workplace.
Coolant A cooling agent; esp. 冷却液 用于冷却的物质；比如： 6
i. a fluid applied in machining
operations to a cutting-tool in i. 在机械操作中，用流体对切割工具进行冷却
order to cool it and lessen 和减小摩擦
friction;
ii. a cooling medium in an internal- ii. 在内燃机或类似设备里的冷却介质
combustion engine or the like
Corporate A large company, a corporation 公司 大公司，股份公司 6
Corrosive substances Substances producong irreversible 腐蚀性物质 对人体组织产生不可恢复的损伤的物质 7
damage to human tissue
Costs Expenditure in terms of money, 成本 在金钱、时间、劳力或精力方面的支出 7
time, labour or effort
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Cranes A machine for raising and lowering 起重机 用于提升或降低重物的机械；它通常包括一个 6
heavy weights; in its usual form it
consists of a vertical post capable 能绕其轴旋转的支柱、一个伸出的吊臂、吊臂
of rotation on its axis, a projecting 上悬挂重物的链条或绳索，以及一个用于缠绕
arm or ‘jib’ over which passes the
chain or rope from which the 链条或绳索的滚筒
weight is suspended, and a barrel
round which the chain or rope is
wound
Crushing Mechanical hazard of machinery 挤伤 由机械危害引起的可造成人身或某个身体部位 7
whereby a person or part of a
person can be compressed by 被机械的部件挤压而受伤
components of the machine
resulting in injury
Current The flow (movement) of electric 电流 电荷通过导体流动（移动） 6
charge through a conducting body
Current path The route taken through the body 电流通路 当人触电时，电流经过人体的路径 7
by electric current when a person
receives an electric shock
Damage-only An incident or disruption in which 损坏事故 没有造成人员伤害的事故或破坏 7
no injury results
Damping Adding material to reduce vibration 阻尼 添加材料以降低振动或噪音 5
and noise
Danger Liability or exposure to harm or 危险 面临危害或伤害 6
injury; the condition of being
exposed to peril
Dangerous occurrence A readily identifiable event as 危险事件 国家法律法规规定的可能对作业的人员或公众 1
defined under national laws and
regulations, with potential to cause 造成伤害或疾病的事件
an injury or disease to persons at
work or to the public
Decibel scale The logarithmic scale used to 分贝值 用于测量声压级的对数值 7
measure the sound pressure level
Demolition The knocking down of buildings 拆除 拆除建筑物或其他构筑物 7
and other structures
Derrick A contrivance or machine for 起重塔架 一种用于提升或移动重物的机械设备 6
hoisting or moving heavy weights
Designated walkway A pedestrian passageway linking 指定走道 大厦、建筑物内部的行人通道或综合楼之间的 3
different parts of a building or
structure or complex of buildings 通道，用隔栏或标志线清楚地设定。
that is clearly delineated by
barriers or line markings
Designer One whose business is to invent or 设计师 为制造商或建筑商提供研发或设计的人 6
prepare designs or patterns for the
manufacturer or constructor
Dilution ventilation A means of controlling the 稀释通风 一种控制空气中污染物浓度的方法，通过向空 2
concentration of a contaminant in
air by introducing air and mixing it 间内引进空气并尽可能让引进的空气与原有的
as completely as possible with all 空气充分的混合，使得已知污染物的浓度尽可
the air that is already within the
space, so that the concentration of 能均衡
a given pollutant will be as uniform
as possible throughout
Direct burning The transfer of heat directly from 直接燃烧 热能从火焰直接传送到固体或液体表面 2
the flames of a fire to a solid or
liquid surface
Direct contact When a person comes into contact 直接接触 人和带电导体接触 2
with live electrical conductors
Direct costs Costs incurred by an organisation 直接损失 由于事故或事件导致组织或个人的可以直接算 7
or individual as a result of an
accident or incident that can be 出的费用，例如罚款、福利赔偿、工厂或者设
readily accounted for e.g. fines, 备的维修费等
wage compensation, repair to
plant or equipment etc.
Director A member of a board appointed to 主任 由董事会任命的管理公司事务的人员 6
direct or manage the affairs of a
commercial corporation or
company
Display screen equipment Any alphanumeric or graphic 显示屏设备 任何文字或者图片的显示器 4
display screen
Dissipated Dispersed, scattered 消散 分散、散布 6
Dose The amount of a substance which 剂量 身体吸收物质的量值，或人员暴露于物理介质 7
is absorbed by a worker's body; or
the amount of a physical agent 的数量（如噪音、辐射或热量）。剂量大小依
(such as noise, radiation or heat) 据两方面来界定：暴露物质（介质）的量值和
to which the worker is exposed.
The dose will depend on how 暴露的时间
much of the substance (or other
agent) the worker is exposed to
and how long he or she is exposed

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Dosimeter An apparatus for measuring doses 剂量计 用于测量剂量的仪器；例如测量电离辐射的计 6
or the like; a recording device to
measure ionizing radiation, esp. 量装置，如个人随身携带的辐射剂量计，用一
one worn by a person exposed to 个剂量计在一段时间内去测量个体可能吸入的
potentially harmful radiation, a
device to measure nose dose over 剂量
an extended period
Double insulation A protective system where the live 双重绝缘 触电保护系统，电气设备的带电体被两层独立 5
conductors of electrical equipment
are covered by two discrete layers 的绝缘层或者绝缘体保护，从而不需要对金属
or components of insulation. This 外壳进行接地保护
arrangement avoids the need for
any external metalwork of the
equipment to be connected to a
protective conductor or to earth
Drugs Substances with active 药物 对人或动物有药理作用的物质 2
pharmacological properties in
humans and animals.
Dumper truck A vehicle used on construction 自卸车 在建筑场地通常用于运输和卸货的车辆，通常 7
sites to transport and drop
material, usually loose solids 用于运载松散物体
Dust Earth or other solid matter in a 粉尘 微细的泥土或其它固体物质，形成的颗粒很小 6
minute and fine state of
subdivision, so that the particles 很轻，容易被风吹起并随风飘移
are small and light enough to be
easily raised and carried in a cloud
by the wind
Dust monitoring equipment Apparatus that collects dust 粉尘监测器 一种仪器，通过抽取被污染的空气并用过滤器 2
contaminant from the air by
pumping the contaminated air 来收集粉尘污染物；然后对收集的粉尘进行测
through an appropriate filter. The 量和分析
collected dust can then be
measured and analysed
Duties Actions, or acts, that are due in the 职责 道德或法律上应尽的义务 6
way of moral or legal obligation
Duty of care With respect to health and safety 关心的职责 针对健康和安全管理而言是指：雇主的职责（ 4
management: the duty of care (in
UK law) of employers to take 英国法律规定）是合理的关心他们员工的健康
reasonable care of the health and 和安全
safety of their employees.
Earthing The bonding of metallic enclosures 接地 连接电气设备、电缆铠装、导管和继电设备等 5
of electrical equipment, cable
armouring, conduits and trunking 的金属外壳，使这些金属导体能够连续并安全
etc, so that these conductors are 的与大地进行一点或者多点的连通
electrically continuous and
securely connected to the general
mass of earth at one or more
points
Economic Commercially advantageous or 经济的 （企业的）商业利润或者权宜；作业费用或者 6
expedient; (of a business
enterprise) repaying (at least) the 使用费用的回报；有偿付能力或者有利润
expenses of operation or use;
solvent or profitable
Egress A going out, or issuing forth, from 出来 从一个封闭或受限的地方出来；可自由进出， 6
an enclosed or confined place; the
right or liberty of going out 出去的权利或自由
Electric shock The passage of electric current 触电 电流通过人体。触电可能会造成的影响包括： 5
through the human body. Effects
of electric shock may be muscular 肌肉收缩、呼吸停止、心室纤维颤动、心脏停
contractions, respiratory failure, 止、或体内烧伤
fibrillation of the heart, cardiac
arrest or injury from internal burns
Emergency and rescue services Nationally appointed bodies that 应急和援救服务 国家指定的机构，对突发事件和危险状况进行 7
respond to emergency and
threatening situations with the aim 响应，目的是援救人员和减轻事件后果
to rescue people and mitigate the
consequences of such situations
Emergency lighting Lighting provided for use within a 应急照明 当正常的照明供电中断时，在建筑物内提供的 5
building when the electric supply to
the normal lighting fails 应急照明
Emergency procedure A procedure that identifies the 应急程序 对组织内潜在的事故和应急状况进行识别、明 3
potential for accidents and
emergency situations in an 确制定应对方案以预防或减小与健康和安全相
organisation, and specifies 关风险的程序
arrangements designed to prevent
or minimise health and safety risks
associated with them
Emergency stop control Control which is intended: 紧急关停控制 控制的目的是： 3
i. to avert arising or to reduce
existing hazards to persons, i. 转移或减少对人存在的隐患、对机械或生产
damage to machinery or to work 作业的破坏
in progress; ii. 可以人为的一键启动
ii. to be initiated by a single human
action

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Emission The action of giving off or sending 排放 发出光、热、气体、气味、声音等 6
out light, heat, gases, odours,
sounds, etc.
Employee Employed persons, including 雇员 被雇佣的人，包括公职人员 1
public employees
Employee feedback The communication of information 雇员反馈 雇员向管理层就安全管理体系/工作程序等事 7
regarding a safety management
system/work procedure etc. from 务进行沟通，目的是完善系统或程序
employees to management of an
organisation with the aim of
improving that system/procedure
Employee representative A person with whom an employer 雇员代表 是指代表公司员工与雇主就工作中的健康安全 4
consults with a view to the making
and maintenance of arrangements 事务进行充分有效协商的一个员工，雇主需就
which will enable him and his 如何建立并维护与员工的良好合作关系、促进
employees to co-operate
effectively in promoting and 健康安全措施的落实、以及如何检查措施的有
developing measures to ensure 效性，与该员工代表进行协商
the health and safety at work of
the employees, and in checking
the effectiveness of such
measures
Employer Someone who has employees. 雇主 拥有雇员的人。雇主包括个人、法人团体，如 5
Employers include individual
people, corporate bodies, such as 有限公司、国企、地方当局等
limited companies, nationalised
industries, local authorities etc
Employers’ liability insurance A compulsory insurance in the UK 雇主责任险 英国的强制保险，使雇主为他们的雇员在工作 5
that enables an employer to meet
the cost of compensation for their 时遭遇的伤害和疾病支付赔偿的本金
employees’ injuries or illness
suffered whilst they are at work.
Enforcement agency An organisation that enforces the 执行机构 执行一个或多个政府主体的法律的组织，或者 7
laws of one or more governing
bodies, or an organisation that 积极地、直接地协助对法律执行的组织
actively and directly assists in the
enforcement of laws
Engineering controls One of the control measures in a 工程控制 控制优先等级中控制措施的一种，要求一些工 2
hierarchy of controls that require
some process modifications or 艺的修改或添加机械设备和涉及从源头上消除
mechanical structures, and involve 或减少使用、发生或排放有害物质的技术措施
technical measures that eliminate
or reduce the use, generation or ；或者当不可能消除危害源头时，工程措施应
release of hazardous agents at 通过设计以防止或减少有害物质的扩散道工作
their source, or, when source
elimination is not possible, 环境中，如：
engineering measures should be  收集；
designed to prevent or reduce the
spread of hazardous agents into  一旦扩散，立即转移；
the work environment by:  阻止其传播；
 containing them
 removing them immediately  减少其浓度或强度
beyond the source
 interfering with their propagation
 reducing their concentration or
intensity
Environment All, or any, of the following, the air, 环境 所有的或者任何以下的：空气、水和土壤；空 4
water and land; air includes the air
within buildings and the air within 气包括建筑物内的空气和其它在地上或地下的
other natural or man-made 天然或人造的构筑物内的空气
structures above or below ground
Environmental Of or pertaining to environments or 环境的 与环境有关的 6
the environment
Environmental pollution The release (into any 环境污染 物质加工过程中释放的（进入任何环境介质） 4
environmental medium) from any
process of substances which are 、能够导致人员或环境中的其它生物遭到伤害
capable of causing harm to man or 的排放物
any other living organisms
supported by the environment
Environmental protection A discipline aiming at the 环境保护 一门学科，目的是防止环境遭到破坏，以及避 7
prevention of harm to the
environment and to man or any 免人或环境中的其它生物遭到伤害
other living organisms supported
by the environment
Ergonomics The science of assessing the 人机工程学 用于评估员工和他们的工作环境之间的关系的 2
relationship between workers and
their work environment. This 科学。这门科学不仅包括对因工作设计而导致
science includes not only an 肌肉与骨骼伤害的风险评估，还包括考虑那些
assessment of musculoskeletal
risk due to the design of the work, 在工作中可能导致人为过失的因素
but also includes a consideration
of the cognitive processes involved
in work that may lead to human
errors

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Thorough examination A systematic and detailed 全面检查 一种系统的、详细的检查， 6
inspection that may include testing
of certain parts as it relates to the 也包括比如在起重设备的整体检查中对相关的
thorough examination of lifting 部件进行测试
equipment etc.
Excavation Any earthwork, trench, well, shaft, 挖掘 任何动土作业、掘沟、挖井、挖竖井、挖隧道 5
tunnel or underground
working 、或者地表下作业
Expectant mother A pregnant woman 孕妇 怀孕的女人 6
External agencies Independent from the company 外部机构 独立于当事公司的机构。通常是法律规定公司 7
concerned. Usually one to which a
duty is owed e.g. for reporting 有向其报告的义务，例如报告事故
accidents
External audit An audit conducted by 外部审核 由组织外的独立审核员实施的审核 7
independent auditors from outside
the organisation
Extinguishing media Substance contained in a fire 灭火介质 充装在灭火器里的、能灭火的物质 5
extinguisher which causes
extinction of a fire
Fail to danger Where protective devices have 失效危险 保护装置失效，令设备或系统处于危险状态 7
failed, and the plant or system is
left in a dangerous state
Fail to safety A device designed to ensure that 失效安全 一种装置设计用于当保护机制失效时，能确保 7
where protective mechanisms
have failed, the plant or system is 设备或系统处于安全状态
not left in a dangerous state
Fall arrest harness A full body harness with a lanyard 安全带 可以系挂到生命线或者其他合适的系挂点的全 7
attached to either a lifeline or other
suitable anchorage designed to 身式安全带，用于阻止人员从工作平台上或高
stop a person falling to the floor 处（如屋顶）坠落
should they fall off a working
platform or workplace at height
e.g. roof
Fall arresting systems Equipment designed to protect a 防坠落系统 设计用于保护人员从高处或工作平台坠落的设 7
person from falling to the floor
should they fall off a working 备，如安全带、安全网等
platform or workplace at height,
such as a fall arrest harness,
safety netting etc
Falls from height A dropping down or falling from a 高处坠落 从高处或相对高的工作位置跌落或坠落，常导 7
high or relatively high working
position frequently resulting in 致严重伤害或死亡
major injury or fatality
Feedback loop A system of auditing and review 反馈流程 对一个组织的健康和安全管理体系的业绩在系 5
that allows information on the
performance of an organisation’s 统运行的每个阶段进行评审和回顾，从而能够
health and safety management 强化、维护和提升此组织的能力，全方面地去
system to be considered at each
stage of that system thus enabling 降低风险和确保健康安全管理体系的持续有效
the organisation to reinforce, 性
maintain and develop its ability to
reduce risks to the fullest extent
and to ensure the continued
effectiveness of the health and
safety management system
Fencing An enclosure or barrier (e.g. a 围栏 沿着工作场所或者机械设备的边界设置的防止 6
hedge, wall, railing, etc.) along the
boundary of a workplace, or 无关人员进入的格栅或隔离物（如树篱、围墙
machinery or any place which it is 、栏杆等）
desired to prevent unauthorised
entry
Fibrillation A quivering movement of a muscle 心室纤维颤动 肌肉或神经的颤抖，尤其是心脏的肌肉非正常 6
or nerve, esp. the muscles of the
heart, leading to abnormal 收缩，可能导致心跳停止
contraction which can cause heart
failure.
Filling in Return of the earth dug out of a 回填 动土作业结束后将挖开的土方进行还原 7
trench or excavation following
completion of the work carried out
in the excavation
Fire detection equipment Equipment designed to detect a 火灾探测装置 设计用于自动探测火灾的设备，探测的对象可 7
fire automatically either by
detecting smoke, heat, flame, 以是烟、热、火焰、燃烧产物或以上这些对象
combustion products or a 的综合
combination of these
Fire door A self-closing door made of fire- 防火门 一种可以自动关闭的门，由阻燃材料制成，能 7
resistant material that can prevent
the spread of fire 防止火灾的扩散
Fire drill A process used to test the 火灾演习 通过观察，测试工作场所的撤离程序和培训效 7
effectiveness of a workplace
evacuation procedure and training 果
by undertaking an observed
practice evacuation of the
workplace.

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Fire fighting equipment Equipment designed to control or 消防设备 设计用于控制或扑灭火灾的设备，包括便携式 7
extinguish a fire, including portable
fire extinguishers, sprinkler 灭火器、喷淋系统等
systems etc
Fire instructions A notice informing people of the 火灾提示 告诉人们当他们听到火警或发现火灾时应采取 7
action they should take on either
hearing a fire alarm or discovering 的行动一种提示
a fire
Fire marshal A person trained to assist during 火灾撤离协助员 经过培训并为工作场所人员撤离提供协助的人 7
an evacuation of a workplace by,
for example, ushering people out 员，比如引导他人离开建筑物、或者检查指定
of a building or checking that 区域并确保无滞留人员
designated areas are clear of
people
Fire spread The development and travel of a 火势蔓延 火灾经由一个表面或区域进行的扩展和蔓延 7
fire across a surface or area
Fire triangle A model used to describe the three 燃烧三要素 是指用于描述燃烧三要素的模型：可燃物、火 7
items needed for a fire to burn,
namely fuel, heat and oxygen 源和氧气
Fire warning equipment Equipment designed to warn 火灾报警设备 通过特定的声音或视觉信号，向人们警告火灾 2
people of the threat of fire by
providing an audible or visual 威胁的设备
alarm
First-aid Initial management of any injury or 急救 对任何在工作场所发生的伤害或疾病的初步处 5
illness suffered at work
理
Fixed guard Guard in such a manner (e.g. by 固定式防护罩 只能使用工具才能打开或移走的防护罩（例如 3
screws, welding) that it can only be
opened or removed by the use of 使用螺丝或焊接方式固定）
tools
Flammable Capable of being set on fire 易燃的 能够被直接点燃 6
Flammable liquid A liquid with a flashpoint of 55°C or 易燃液体 闪点在55度或以下的液体 5
below
Flashover sudden transition from a localized 闪燃 燃烧从罩杯内的一个着火点突然扩散到整个液 5
fire to the ignition of all exposed
flammable surfaces within an 体表面
enclosure
Flashpoint The minimum temperature at 闪点 使液体挥发出足够的蒸汽并能够被点燃的最低 5
which a liquid gives off sufficient
vapour to ignite on the application 温度
of an ignition source
Fragile roof The roof of a building made of 易碎屋顶 建筑物屋顶的建筑材料由于承载力不足，无法 7
material of insufficient strength to
support a person and hence would 承受一个人的重量而易发生人员坠落
be liable to fall through
Frequency With regard to electricity this is the 频率 针对电流来说是指：是指交流电从电厂传送到 7
frequency at which alternating
current (AC) is transmitted from a 用户的频率（在英国是50赫兹）
power plant to the end user (50Hz
in the UK)
Frequency The rate of recurrence of any 频率 任何有规律的重复事件发生的重复率，针对噪 7
regularly repeated event, with
regard to noise this is the number 音来说是指：一个声波每秒循环的次数
of cycles per second (pitch) of a
sound wave
Fuel Material burned or used on a 燃料 通过燃烧产生热量或动力的材料 6
source of heat or power
Fungus A single or multi-cellular organism 真菌 一种以有机物，如酵母、霉、蘑菇等为食的单 6
which feeds on organic matter e.g.
yeasts, moulds, mushrooms etc. 细胞或多细胞有机体，通常有致病作用
Often have pathogenic effects.
Fuse A thin wire, placed in a circuit, of 保险丝 一种安装在电路上的细金属丝。保险丝的直径 7
such size as would melt at a
predetermined value of current 根据熔断电流大小而定。当电流达到预先设定
flow and therefore cut off the 值时保险丝会被熔断，同时电路被切断。保险
current to that circuit. Provides
protection for the circuit and 丝的作用是当电流过高时保护电路和设备
apparatus if excess current flows
through it.
Gantry A frame or platform for carrying a 龙门架 一种用于支撑移动式起重机的构架、平台或类 6
travelling-crane or similar structure
似结构
Granulated Of metals, sugar, plastic etc: 颗粒状的 形成颗粒状的金属、糖、塑料等 6
formed into granules
Groundwater Water located beneath the ground 地下水 储存于地表之下土壤孔隙和岩石缝隙中的水 7
surface in soil pore spaces and in
the fractures of rocks
Guard-rail An adequately secured rail erected 护栏 沿可致人员坠落的边缘设置的足够牢靠的用以 1
along an exposed edge to prevent
persons from falling 防止人员坠落的栏杆
Hand tool A implement that is held in and 手动工具 握在手里或直接用手进行操作的工具，如锤子 7
operated directly by the hand e.g.
hammer

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Hand/arm vibration Mechanical vibration which is 手/臂振动 在作业活动中传输到手或臂上的机械振动 5
transmitted into the hands and
arms during a work activity
Harm Physical injury or damage to 伤害 身体受伤或健康受损 3
health
Harmful substances Substances liable to cause harm 有害物质 容易导致人类健康受到伤害的物质 7
to human health
Hazard A source of energy with the 危害因素 可能造成人身伤害、设备损坏、环境污染或结 2
potential of causing immediate
injury to personnel and damage to 构破坏的能量源；或者可能因接触造成急性、
equipment, environment or 短期或长期健康问题的有毒物质，如：化学品
structure; or the properties of toxic
substances, such as chemicals, 、气体或放射源
gases or radioactivity, that may
cause health problems
immediately, or in the short-term or
longer-term, in people exposed to
those substances
Head protection Something worn on the head e.g. 头部保护 在有坠物或碰头风险的区域戴的安全帽。安全 2
safety helmet, where there is a risk
of falling objects or the head hitting 帽是为保护头部免受坠物或碰撞伤害而设计的
an obstruction. The helmet is
designed to protect the head
against falling objects or collision
Health and safety arrangements A set of management processes 健康与安全计划 用于组织、计划、控制和监测健康和安全管理 5
necessary to organise, plan,
control and monitor the design and 体系中的风险控制系统的设计与实施的一系列
implementation of the risk control 管理流程
systems in a health and safety
management system
Health and safety culture A concept that: 健康与安全文化 一种观念，它包括 2
i. includes the values, beliefs and
principles that serve as a i. 作为安全管理体系的基础的价值、信念和原
foundation for the safety 则和
management system and
ii. includes the set of practices and ii. 示范和强化那些基本原则的一系列做法和行
behaviours that exemplify and 为
reinforce those basic principles

Health and safety management Part of an organisation’s 健康与安全管理 组织管理系统的一部分，用于建立和实施其职 3

system management system used to
develop and implement its 体系 业健康和安全政策、管理职业健康和安全风险
occupational Health and Safety
policy and manage its
Occupational Health and Safety
risks
Health and safety performance Measurable results of an 健康与安全绩效 组织管理其职业健康与安全风险的可测量的结 3
organisation’s management of its
Occupational Health and Safety 果
risks
Health and safety policy A written document that sets the 健康与安全政策 一个组织用于设定其管理目的、方法、目标、 5
general intentions, approach and
objectives of an organisation and 标准和原则的总体书面陈述，并根据该陈述对
the criteria and principles upon 其作业中的安全与健康进行管理
which it bases its action in relation
to its management of health and
safety at work
Health/medical surveillance A generic term which covers 健康/医学监测 是指用于评估员工健康状况以发现和识别任何 5&7
procedures and investigations to
assess workers' health in order to 异常情况的程序和调查
detect and identify any 监测结果应当被用于保护和改善员工的个人健
abnormality. The results of
surveillance should be used to 康、工作场所的总体健康及工作中暴露于危害
protect and promote the health of 的人员的健康。健康评估程序包括，但不限于
the individual, collective health at
the workplace, and the health of ：体检、生物监测、放射检测、问卷或健康记
the exposed working population. 录的审核
Health assessment procedures
may include, but are not limited to,
medical examinations, biological
monitoring, radiological
examinations, questionnaires or a
review of health records
Heat transmission Conveyance or passage of heat 热传递 热能通过固体、液体或气体介质传递 6
through a solid, liquid or gaseous
medium
Hoist A device used for lifting or lowering 绞车 一种将绳索或者链条缠绕在滚筒或起吊轮上的 7
a load by means of a drum or lift-
wheel around which rope or chain 用于提升或者降下重物的装置
wraps
Hot work Work activities that by their nature 热工作业 产生或涉及热能或火花的作业活动，如焊接 7
produce or involve heat or hot
sparks e.g. welding
Housekeeping The act of maintaining order and 场地整理 维护工作场所有序和整洁的行为，比如清理堆 7
tidiness in a workplace, clearing of
accumulations of rubbish etc. 积的垃圾等

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Human error An action or decision which was 人为失误 一种无意的、违背公认标准的、导致不良后果 5
not intended, which involved a
deviation from an accepted 的行为或决定
standard, and which led to an
undesirable outcome
Human harm Ill-health, injury or damage 人员伤害 人员遭受的疾病、伤害或损害 6
suffered by a person
Humidifier Devices for maintaining or 增湿器 保持或增加空气中的湿度的装置 7
increasing level of humidity in the
atmosphere
Ignition The process or initiating 点火 使燃烧或着火发生的过程 6
combustion or catching fire
Immediate causes Acts of the worker and unsafe 直接原因 直接影响事故发生的工人的行为和不安全的工 2
working conditions that had direct
influence on the occurrence of an 作状况
accident
Independent tied scaffold A scaffold structure that is fully 独立稳定脚手架 一种能够完全垂直支撑其自身结构，并通过与 7
able to support itself vertically and
receives horizontal stability by 邻近建筑物连接而获得水平稳定性的脚手架
being tied to the adjacent building
Indirect costs Costs incurred by an organisation 间接损失 由事故或事件导致组织或个人的可估算的非直 7
or individual as a result of an
accident or incident that can be 接花费，比如
inferred but which do not take the 中断其他员工的工作
form of direct monetary outlays,
e.g. disruption to the work of other
workers
Individual With respect to manual handling, 个人 针对人工搬运而言，“个人”是指进行人工搬运 7
the individual relates to the person
undertaking a manual handling 作业的人
task.
Individual factors With respect to human factors and 个人因素 针对人的因素和工作中的健康与安全而言，“ 5
health and safety at work,
individual factors relate to facets of 个人因素”是指个人的各方面，如个人的态度
individuals such as personal 、技能、习惯和性格及他们与工作表现之间的
attitudes, skills, habits and
personalities and their relationship 关系
to task performance

Induction The action of introducing to, or 介绍 对某件事情的相关情况，比如一个新的工作场 6

initiating in, the knowledge of
something e.g. of a new workplace 所，进行讲解
Infirm Of persons, with reference to 体弱的 指人的身体状况：不够强壮和健康；身体虚弱 6
physical condition: not strong and
healthy; physically weak or feeble, 无力，尤指因年老而导致的虚弱
esp. through age
Influence of peers The positive or negative effect co- 同事影响 在工作中同事的行为和态度对本人的行为和态 5
workers’ behaviour and attitude
have on the behaviour of an 度产生的积极或消极的影响
individual whilst at work
Information Items of knowledge or 信息 知识或对知识的沟通 6
communication of instructive
knowledge
Ingress The action of going in or entering 进入 走进或进入的行为 6
Inspection careful scrutiny or survey; close or 检查 细心查看或仔细调查 6
critical examination
Instruction A making known to a person what 指令 向某人传达要求他/她做的事情；一项指示， 6
he or she is required to do; a
direction, an order 或一项命令
Insulation Material used to prevent the 绝缘材料 用于阻止热、电或噪音从一个物体向另一个物 7
passage of heat, electricity or
noise from one thing to another 体传输的材料
Insured costs Financial losses resulting from a 可理赔损失 保险覆盖的因工作场所事故产生的财务损失， 7
workplace accident that are
covered by an insurance policy, 如：疾病、伤害和损坏
e.g. covering ill-health, injury and
damage

Intensity With regard to noise: a measure 强度 针对噪音而言，指对耳朵接收到的噪音能量和 7

for the energy received by the ear
and therefore a measure of the 因此对身体可能造成的伤害的一种计量方法
physical harm that can be
produced

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Interlocked guard Guard associated with an 连锁护罩 与连锁装置关联的护罩，通过与机器的控制系 3
interlocking device so that,
together with the control system of 统结合，实现以下保护功能：
the machine, the following i) 受护罩保护的机器的危险功能在护罩未被
functions are performed:
 the hazardous machine 合上的状态下不能动作
functions "covered" by the guard i) 当机器的危险功能正在运转时打开护罩，
cannot operate until the guard is
会向机器发出停机指令
closed;
 if the guard is opened while i) 当合上护罩后，受护罩保护的机器的危险
hazardous machine functions 功能可以动作。合上护罩这一动作本身并不能
are operating, a stop command
自动启动受护罩保护的机器的危险功能
is given;
 When the guard is closed, the

hazardous machine functions

“covered” by the guard can
operate. The closure of the
guard does not by itself start the
hazardous machine functions
Internal audit An audit conducted by employees 内审 由组织内的员工进行的审核 7
of the organisation
Investigation The action of investigating; the 调查 对未知问题的搜索和探查，比如：对事故原因 6
making of a search or inquiry; e.g.
the cause of an accident; 的查找、系统性地检查、细致而短期的研究
systematic examination; careful
and minute research
Ionising radiation Consists of particles, including 电离辐射 由粒子组成，包括会使电子从原子和分子中分 6
photons, which cause the
separation of electrons from atoms 离出来的光子
and molecules
Irritant Non corrosive substances which 刺激物 与皮肤或粘膜即刻的、长期的或重复性的接触 2
through immediate, prolonged or
repeated contact with the skin or ，可引起炎症的非腐蚀性物质
mucous membrane may cause
inflammation

Isolation A control method that reduces the 隔离 通过将人与危险源分开的方式降低危险源对人 3

risks to a person from a source of
danger by separating the process 产生的风险的一种风险控制方法
producing the danger from the
person
Isolation With respect to electrical safety, 隔离 针对电气安全而言，是指将电气设备与所有电 2
the disconnection and separation
of electrical equipment from every 源以可靠的方式断开并分离
source of electrical energy in such
a way that this disconnection and
separation is secure
Isolation With respect to noise: the 隔离 针对噪音而言，是指将机器与周围环境和支撑 4
separation of a machine from its
surroundings and supporting 结构隔开以降低噪音。例如，由橡胶或弹簧制
structures to reduce noise levels, 成的柔性降噪隔离可以用于降低噪音通过机器
for example flexible isolation made
of rubber or springs can be used to 结构传播的程度
reduce the spread of structure-
borne sound through a machine
frame
Jib The projecting arm of a crane; also 吊臂 伸出的起重机臂；也指起重塔架的吊臂 5
applied to the boom of a derrick
Job factors With respect to human factors and 工作因素 针对工作中的健康与安全和人为因素而言，“ 6
health and safety at work, job
factors relate to the designing of 工作因素”是指依据人机工程学原理的工作任
work tasks in accordance with 务设计，其考虑因素为人的体力和身体局限性
ergonomic principles to take into
account limitations and strengths
in human performance
Job rotation Where people are moved from one 工作轮换 是指从一种工作转换到另一种工作，目的是降 5
type of a task to another to
minimise risk of injury repeating 低重复性运动导致伤害的风险或限制对噪音/
the same movements or limit 化学品的暴露
exposure to noise/chemicals etc
Job/task analysis The breakdown of how a task is 工作/任务分析 细分实施工作任务的步骤，包括对一人或多人 7
accomplished, including a detailed
examination of both manual and 实施某一特定工作任务所涉及的体力和脑力活
mental activities, task and element 动、工作任务和每一步骤的持续时间、工作任
durations, task frequency, task
allocation, environmental 务实施的频率、工作任务的分配、环境条件、
conditions, necessary clothing and 必需的防护服和设备、以及任何其它特别因素
equipment, and any other unique
factors involved in or required for 的仔细审查
one or more people to perform a
given task
Lanyard A short rope or line used for 系索 一种用于固定/紧固的短的绳索 7
securing/ tightening etc

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Likelihood Probability of a specific event 可能性 某一特定事件发生的概率 6
occurring
Line manager A manager to whom an employee 一线经理 直接负责管理员工的经理 6
is directly responsible
Lines of communication The routes through an 沟通途径 通过一个组织的管理构架传达信息和指令等的 7
organisation’s management
structure through which 渠道
information and instructions etc.
are sent
Litigation The action or process of carrying 诉讼 进行法律诉讼的行动或过程；一种法律程序 6
on a suit in law or equity; legal
proceedings
Live electrical systems An electrical system that is at a 带电系统 接通电源的有电压的电气系统 5
voltage by being connected to a
source of electricity
Load A discrete movable object, 货物 独立的可移动的物体，例如，人工搬运中所提 4
including, for example, packages
and boxes, related to manual 到的包裹和箱子
handling
Local codes of practice Documents that contain guidance 地方规范 包含指南和安全作业方法的文件。地方规范可 7
and safe methods of working.
Local codes may be written for and 能会为某一特定的组织或行业领域编写以供其
used in a particular organisation or 使用
industrial sector
Local exhaust ventilation An engineering control for 源头抽风式通风 一种降低空气中污染物含量的工程控制方法， 2
reducing exposure to airborne
contaminants that involves capture 其原理是在产生化学污染物的源头处将污染物
of the chemical contaminant at its 扑捉并移除至开阔区域，或者在去除污染物后
source of generation and removing
it to the open air, or into the 排放至工作场所
workplace after the contaminant
has been removed
Lone worker Somebody who works by 单独作业工人 没有直接监督的独自工作人员 7
themselves without close or direct
supervision
Lone working When somebody is working by 单独作业 某人在没有直接监督下自己独自工作 7
themselves without close or direct
supervision
Lumbar The lower back area 腰椎 背部下部 6
Machinery Assembly of linked parts or 机械 由至少有一个可运动的若干个零件或部件连接 3
components, at least one of which
moves, with the appropriate 而成的组合，通过与适当的推进器、控制和电
machine actuators, control and 路结合实现某种特定的功能，其特别应用于物
power circuits, joined together for
a specific application, in particular 料的生产、处理、传输或包装
for the processing, treatment,
moving or packaging of a material
Mandatory Obligatory, compulsory; not 强制的 要求的，必须的，非可选的 6
discretionary
Manual handling The transporting or supporting of a 人工搬运 通过手或身体力量运送或支撑货物 1
load by hand or by bodily force
Manufacturer A producer or fabricator of 制造商 某物的生产者或制造者 6
something
Manufacturers’ safety data A document produced by the 厂商安全数据表 一种由有害产品制造商或进口商提供的，用于 2
sheets manufacturer or importer of
hazardous products that 描述产品的危害并说明如何对其进行安全地处
describes the hazards of a 理、使用和储存的文件
material and provides instructions
on how the material can be safely
handled, used and stored
Means of escape Structural means whereby (in the 逃生路径 是指所提供的，能够使人员在建筑物发生火灾 5
event of fire) a safe route or routes
are provided for persons to travel 时，从建筑物中的任一点撤离至安全区域的路
from any point in a building to a 径
place of safety

Mechanical handling The lifting and moving of loads 机械搬运 使用叉车、绞车、起重机等机械提升/运移设 7

using mechanical lifting/moving
equipment such as fork-lift trucks, 备起吊和搬运货物
hoists, cranes etc.

Middle manager A person with an executive or 中层经理 具有执行或监督职责、在管理构架中向高级管 7

supervisory function operating at a
point in the management hierarchy 理层报告的人
where they report to senior
management
Mists A localized cloud of fine liquid 薄雾 由细小液滴形成的局部雾霭 6
droplets
Mobile elevating work platform A mechanical device used to 可移动的升降工 一种用于给人员或设备提供临时到达不易到达 7
provide temporary access for
people or equipment to 作平台 的位置（通常指高处）的机械设备，其可在升
inaccessible areas, usually at 起的状态下在地面上移动
height, which can be moved along
the ground whilst extended.

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Mobile tower scaffold A tower formed with scaffold tube 可移动塔式脚手 一种由脚手架管件搭建的安装在轮子上的塔架 7
and mounted on wheels. Used for
working at heights. 架 。该设备用于高处作业
Moral Concerned with accepted 道德 有关人的品质或行为好坏的公认标准 6
standards of human character or
behaviour good or bad
Motivation The reason a person has for acting 动机 个体以某一特定方式行事的原因 6
in a particular way

Multi-disciplinary Combining or involving several 多学科 结合或涉及多个独立的专业 6

separate professions
Musculoskeletal Relating to the muscles of the 肌骨骼的 涉及人体的肌肉和骨骼 6
body and skeleton together
Mutagenic Substances and preparations 诱导有机体突变 是指如果被吸入、吞入或渗入皮肤，则有可能 5
which, if they are inhaled or
ingested or if they penetrate the 的物质 诱发遗传缺陷的物质
skin, may cause genetic defects
which can be inherited
Near-miss An incident in which no injury or 险情 没有造成伤害或损坏的事件 2
damage results
Non-ionising radiation Electromagnetic radiation with 非电离辐射 没有足够能量将电子与原子和分子分开的电磁 7
insufficient energy to separate
electrons from atoms and 辐射
molecules
Notice board A board upon which documents 公告栏 可以将有关健康与安全信息的文件张贴在上面 7
can be affixed that display
information for workers e.g. health 的木板
and safety bulletins
Notification The action of notifying or making 通知 通报或使人知晓的行动，如宣告、公告 6
known, e.g. an intimation, a notice
Nursing mother New or expectant mother 孕育中的母亲 孕妇或刚生完孩子的妈妈 6
Objective A thing aimed at or sought; a 目标 希望达到的状态或获取的结果 6
target, goal, or end
Occupational accident An unplanned or unexpected event 职业事故 指意外的或未预料到的、由工作引起的或在工 1
arising out of, or in the course of,
work which results in injury 作过程中发生的伤害事件
Occupational disease Any disease contracted as a result 职业病 因暴露于工作活动中产生的危害而引发的任何 1
of an exposure to a hazard arising
from work activity 疾病
Occupational exposure limits Limits which refer to airborne 职业暴露上限 是指物质在空气中浓度的最高安全值当该物质 2
concentrations of substances and
represent conditions under which 在空气中的浓度不超过该值时，即便是工人在
“it is believed that nearly all 此环境下日复一日的工作，也几乎不会有任何
workers may be repeatedly
exposed day after day without 人的健康因此受到伤害
adverse health effects”.
Occupational health and safety A discipline aiming at the 职业健康与安全 一项目的在于预防工作伤害（包括职业病和事 2
prevention of work injuries (both
occupational diseases and 故）以及改善工作条件的学科
accidents) and at the improvement
of working conditions
Openings and voids in the Holes or breaks in fire resisting 消防安全中所指 在防火建筑物中可能使烟和火扩散的开口或建 7
context of fire safety construction, or hidden spaces
within building structures (such as 的“开口”或“空间” 筑结构内的隐蔽空间（比如假平顶、电梯间、
false ceilings, lift shafts, spaces 护墙板后的空间等）
behind wall panelling etc.) through
which smoke and fire may spread
Operator A person who operates a machine, 操作工 操作机器或设备的人 6
piece of equipment etc
Organisational factors With respect to human factors and 组织因素 针对工作中的健康与安全和人为因素而言，“ 5
health and safety at work,
organisational factors are the 组织因素”是指影响工人的健康与安全表现的
features of an organisation such 组织的特征，如文化、领导力、资源等
as culture, leadership, resources
etc. which have an effect on health
and safety performance of workers
Pallet truck A hand operated tool used to lift 手动液压搬运车 一种用于举起并移动货盘的手动工具。该车有 7
and move pallets. The truck
consists of two forks that are 两个可插入货盘底下的叉，车的前轮装在叉的
placed under the pallet, the front 末端，当液压缸举升时，叉体向上移动并与前
wheels are mounted inside the end
of the forks, and as the hydraulic 轮分开，将货物向上举升直至离开地面
jack is raised, the forks are
separated vertically from the front
wheels, forcing the load upward
until it clears the floor.
Particulate Existing in the form of minute 微粒的 以细小的颗粒形式存在；由细小的颗粒组成 6
separate particles; composed of
such particles
Passive samplers Chemical detectors that collect the 个体采样器 通过允许空气接触被测量介质的方法收集被测 2
contaminant to be measured by
allowing the air to reach the media. 量化学品的探测器
Diffusion or gravity

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Pathogenic An organism which can cause 病原体 一种能导致疾病的生物体 6
illness or disease
Pedestrian A person who goes or travels on 行人 徒步行走或旅行的人 6
foot
Peer group Group of individuals of similar age, 同类群体 年龄相当的群体；社会或教育背景相似的群体 7
social or educational background
or in a similar position at work e.g. ；职位相近的群体，如，如一群监督
a group of supervisors
Perception of risk Factors people use in the final 风险意识 人们用于最终评估一个状况是否存在危害以及 2
assessment of whether a situation
is determined hazardous, and, if 有多大的危害的因素
so, how hazardous

Periodic Recurring at regular intervals 定期的 按照一定时间间隔重复发生 6

Permit-to-work A permit-to-work by which a 作业许可 作业许可是用于控制某些存在潜在风险的作业 2
person detects written system
used to control certain types of 的书面系统。作业许可是一个说明作业内容及
work that are potentially 预防措施的正式文件
hazardous. A permit-to-work is a
formal document which specifies
the work to be done and the
precautions to be taken
Personal hearing protection Protective equipment which is 个人听力保护 员工在工作中佩戴的保护装置，用于减小可能 7
intended to be worn by a person at
work and reduces the exposure of 对其听力造成损害的噪音摄入量
that person to noise likely to
damage hearing
Personal hygiene the maintenance of good personal 个人卫生 对良好个人清洁的维持 6
cleanliness
Personal protective equipment All equipment (including clothing) 个人防护用品 员工在工作中穿戴或使用的，用于保护其免遭 4
which is intended to be worn or
held by a person at work and 一个或多个风险伤害、保障其健康与安全的所
which protects that person against 有物品（包括衣物）
one or more risks to his health and
safety
Persons in control of premises A person or persons who has 商业建筑控制人 对由非公司雇员使用的商业建筑具有任何程度 4
control to any extent of premises
used by people who are not their 控制的人员
employees
Physical hazard A hazard to which a person could 物理危害 人员因与机械和设备等接触可能对其产生的危 7
be exposed as a result of physical
contact with machinery, equipment 害，如压伤、卷入等
etc. e.g. crushing, entanglement
etc.
Physiological Relating to the functioning of living 生理的 与身体器官的功能有关 6
organisms
Place of work All places where workers need to 工作场所 因为工作原因工人需要滞留或到达的，并在雇 1
be or to go by reason of their work
and which are under the direct or 主的直接或间接控制下的所有场所
indirect control of the employer

Plans in relation to management Organized (and usually detailed) 管理计划 为进行某项事情制订的方案（通常是比较详细 6

action proposals according to which
something is to be done; a scheme 的），某一行动计划；一项策略；一项活动；
of action; a strategy; a programme, 一项安排
schedule

Plant in relation to machinery Machinery and apparatus, either 机械设备 在某一工业生产或工程中使用的、固定或移动 6

and equipment fixed or movable, used in an
industrial or engineering process 式的机械和器具
Portable appliance testing (PAT) With respect to electrical safety, 便携式仪表测试 针对电气安全而言，便携式仪表测试每隔一段 5
portable appliance testing is
undertaken at regular intervals by 时间由胜任的人员使用专用的测试设备进行，
a competent person using 其目的是探查仅靠检查不能发现的电气仪表缺
appropriate testing equipment and
is designed to detect faults within 陷，比如接地不良、绝缘退化等
electrical equipment that
inspection alone may not detect
such as loss of earth integrity,
deterioration of insulation integrity
etc
Power tools A hand tool where the working 动力工具 由外部动力，如电、燃油、燃气（压缩气）驱 2
parts are driven by an external
power source, e.g. electricity, 动的手持工具，如手提式电钻
petrol, gas (pneumatic) e.g. hand
held hand drill

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Practicable A stricter term than reasonably 可行的 比“合理可行”更加严格的术语，是指当依据当 4
practicable that specifies that
measures should be taken to 时相关人员具有的或应当具有的最新知识，在
control risk when it is technically 技术上可行时，就应当采取这些措施控制风险
possible to do so in the light of
current knowledge which the ，期间不用考虑可能涉及的花费、时间和困难
person concerned has or ought to
have at that time. The cost, time
and trouble involved are not to be
taken into account
Premises A building or part of a building that 商业建筑 部分或全面用于商业的建筑物 6
houses a business

Prescribed drugs Medicines that have been 处方药 只有执业医生才可授权使用的药物 7

authorised for the use of a person
by a doctor
Priority Precedence in order or rank 优先 等级优先或次序优先 6
Proactive Of a person, action, policy, etc.: 主动的 指人、行动或政策等，其含义是预见可能发生 6
creating or controlling a situation
by taking the initiative and 的情况或出现的问题，并采取积极行动控制事
anticipating events or problems, 态，而不是等到事情发生以后才反应
rather than just reacting to them
after they have occurred
Procedural controls A control method where an 程序化控制 一种通过执行组织的政策或程序以实现某种控 7
organisation’s policies and/or
procedures are used to achieve 制的控制方法
adequate control
Prophylactic Medicine or course of action taken 预防 用于预防疾病的药物或做法 6
to prevent or as a precaution
against disease
Protective device Safeguard other than a guard 保护装置 除护罩以外的保护装置 3
Psychological hazard A hazard to which a person could 心理上的危害 对人的心理健康造成伤害的危害，如精神压力 7
be exposed that results in harm to
the psychological well-being of the
person, e.g. stress
Qualitative risk ranking A means of organising the results 定性风险评估 一种使用低、中、高的定性术语对风险评估结 7
of a risk assessment using
qualitative terms such as low, 果进行表述的风险评估方法
medium or high
Quantifiable May be conceived or treated as a 可量化 可以用数量来表述，或者可以用数字来衡量 6
quantity; that may be measured
with regard to quantity
Radiation (of heat) With respect to fire safety, the （热）辐射 针对消防安全而言，指热量通过电磁辐射传输 2
transfer of heat via
electromagnetic radiation to a solid 到液体或固体的表面
or liquid surface
Reactive monitoring Checks that failures in the hazard 被动监控 通过对已产生的人员伤害、健康不良、疾病和 3
and risk prevention and protection
control measures, and the OSH 事故等进行监控，以识别在危害与风险预防和
management system, as 控制措施，以及职业健康与管理系统方面存在
demonstrated by the occurrence of
injuries, ill health, diseases and 的缺陷
incidents, are identified and acted
upon

Reasonably practicable When the degree of risk in a 合理可行 指某一特定活动或环境中的风险程度较低，在 4

particular activity or environment
can be balanced against the time, 采取风险控制措施时，可以考虑与时间、产生
trouble, cost and physical difficulty 的问题、花费和难易程度之间的取舍
of taking measures to avoid the
risk
Reduced low voltage systems Electrical supply systems in which 低压系统 指电压很低的供电系统，即：当系统发生故障 4
the maximum voltage to earth that
can occur in the event of a fault or 或者遭到损坏时，其能够产生的最大对地电压
damage to the system is reliably 很低，不至于对人产生任何危险
limited to a value which is unlikely
to cause danger to people.
Registration of sites With respect to waste 现场登记 针对废弃物管理而言，废弃物管理场地（比如 5
management: an operator of a
waste management site (e.g. a 一个垃圾填埋场）的作业者在开始接收废弃物
landfill site) must register that site 之前，必须对该场地进行注册并获得由第三方
and normally obtain an
environmental permit by an 机构，比如政府部门，签发的环保许可证
external agency e.g. Government
before the operator can accept
waste on to that site
Remedial actions Activities undertaken to relieve, or 纠正措施 为消除或纠正一种状况所采取的行动，例子包 7
provide a remedy, to a situation,
for example the aftermath of an 括在发生事故之后的改进措施
accident
Renovation To renew a building materially; to 翻新 对建筑物进行修复；进行修理、更换丢失的或 6
repair; to restore by replacing lost
or damaged parts 损坏的物件以恢复原状

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Reorganisation The action or process of 重组 重新组织的过程；全新机构 6
reorganising; a fresh organisation
Residual current device An electro-mechanical device 漏电保护装置 一种机电装置，该装置在检测到异常时会及时 5
designed to interrupt the electrical
supply to equipment if a fault is 切断设备的电源，其作用是当发生人员触电时
detected hence minimising injury ，减小对其产生的伤害
in the event of a person receiving
an electric shock.
Residual risk Risk remaining after protective 残留风险 在采取保护措施后仍然存在的风险 3
measures have been taken
Resistance The degree to which an object 电阻 物体阻碍电流通过它的程度，衡量单位为欧姆 7
opposes an electric current
through it, measured in ohms
Risk The likelihood or probability that 风险 对危害或损失发生的可能性，以及其后果的范 2
the harm or loss will come about,
taking into account the extent and 围和严重性的综合考虑
severity of the outcome
Risk assessment The process of evaluating the risks 风险评估 对工作中的危害所产生的安全与健康风险的评 3
to safety and health arising from
hazards at work 估过程
Roll call A procedure used to account for all 点名 一种用于在对建筑进行疏散后清点人员的程序 5
occupants of a building in the
event of it having been evacuated, ，通常是按顺序逐个呼叫人员名字并记录应答
usually by calling out occupants’
names systematically and noting
their response
Root/underlying causes Management-related factors such 根本原因 与管理有关的因素，比如对某一事故发生有影 2
as failure in health and safety
management systems that had an 响的健康安全管理系统缺陷
influence on the occurrence of an
accident
Routes of entry The particular mechanisms by 进入途径 有害物质能够进入人体的特定途径，如吸入、 7
which a hazardous substance can
enter the human body, e.g. by 吞入、吸收、与眼睛和皮肤接触等
inhalation, ingestion, absorption,
contact with eyes and skin etc
Sack truck An L-shaped handcart with 手推车 一种一端有手柄，底盘装有轮子，有小的用于 7
handles at one end, wheels at the
base, with a small ledge to set 放置物品的平板的“L”型小车，常用于搬运箱
objects on, often used to move 子。当装上货物后，小车会向后倾斜直至货物
boxes. When the object is loaded
the truck is tilted backward until 重量得以平衡，这样可以使大而重的物件易于
the weight is balanced over the 搬运
single axle, making otherwise
bulky and heavy objects easier to
move
Safe person Strategies that are concerned with 人员安全 指在特定情况下能保护人员的策略，其取决于 7
protecting the individual in specific
situations. They depend upon the 个人是否能够遵守某些规定的标准，比如佩戴
individual conforming to certain 个人防护用品
prescribed standards, e.g. wearing
personal protective equipment
Safe place of work A workplace or working 安全的工作场所 在雇主管理下的，保持安全和无健康风险状态 5
environment under the control of
an employer that is maintained in a 的工作场所或工作环境
condition that is safe and without
risks to health
Safe plant and equipment Items of machinery, equipment or 设备安全 工作中使用的机器、设备或电器均保持在安全 5
appliances used at work that are
provided and maintained in a 和无健康风险的状态
condition that is safe and without
risks to health
Safe stacking The storage of goods, materials 安全堆放 可减少倒塌风险的货物和材料等的多层堆放方 2
etc. on top of one another in such
a manner as to reduce the risk of 法
their collapse

Safe system of work The way in which work is 安全工作系统 使工作尽可能以安全的方式进行的工作组织与 5

organised and (includes, for
example, the layout of the 实施办法（包括如工作场所的布局、工作实施
workplace, the order in which jobs 次序、或在执行某项危险任务前采取特别的预
are carried out, or special
precautions that have to be taken 防措施）
before carrying out certain
hazardous tasks) carried out in
order for it to be conducted in as
safe way as possible
Safe working load The maximum gross load that 安全工作载荷 指某一吊装设备或吊索具在某一给定的条件下 3
maybe safely lifted by a lifting
appliance or item of loose gear in 所能安全吊起的最大总重量
a given condition

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Safety committee A formal process by which 安全委员会 一个可以就健康与安全问题向员工代表征询意 3
representatives of workers can be
consulted on matters of health and 见的正式流程
safety
Safety device Guard or protective device 安全装置 护罩或保护装置 3
Safety inspection Consists of a formal assessment 安全检查 包括对工作场所安全的正式评估，以及对危险 5
of workplace safety, and the
identification of hazardous 环境和危险作业行为的识别，以随后采取纠正
conditions or practices, for 措施。安全检查通常由一线经理参照检查表进
subsequent remedial action. It is
often carried out by first line 行
managers referring to, and
completing a checklist
Safety sampling An organised system of regular 安全抽检 一种定期对公司或员工中的某一部分进行随机 7
random sampling using only part
of the company or work force the 抽检的管理方法，其目的是通过在检查过程中
purpose of which is to obtain a 对观察到的危险状况进行系统的记录，以测量
measure of safety attitudes and
possible sources of accidents by 员工的安全态度和潜在的事故因素。安全抽检
the systematic recording of hazard 通常沿工厂内或作业现场预先设定的路径进行
situations observed during
inspections made along
predetermined routes in a factory
or on a site
Safety sign A sign providing information or 安全标识 一种用横幅、颜色、光信号、声信号、言语沟 4
instruction about safety or health
at work by means of a signboard, 通或手势，传递关于工作场所安全与健康方面
a colour, an illuminated sign or 的信息或指引的方式
acoustic signal, a verbal
communication or hand signal
Safety tours Addresses the "people" aspects of 安全巡视 着眼于工作场所安全中“人”的因素，通过与一 5
workplace safety, and by
discussions with a range of staff, 系列员工进行交谈，促使其熟悉安全程序与要
establishes their familiarity with 求。安全巡视一般由中高级管理层实施，问卷
safety procedures and
requirements. It is normally carried 是其经常用到的工具
out by middle and senior
management. A questionnaire is
frequently used
Scaffold Any temporary structure, fixed, 脚手架 一种用于支撑人员和材料或者到达某一结构物 1
suspended or mobile, and its
supporting components which is 的固定的、悬挂的或移动式的临时结构
used for supporting workers and
materials or to gain access to any
structure
Secondary hazards With respect to electricity, 次生危害 针对电气安全而言，指因触电而发生的次生危 7
subsidiary hazards that arise as a
result of receiving an electric 害，如从高的工作台坠落
shock, e.g. falling from a high
working platform
Second-hand smoke The breathing and inhaling other 二手烟 吸入他人吸烟所产生的烟雾 5
people’s cigarette smoke
Segregation A control method that reduces the 隔离 一种通过将人与产生危险的流程分开的方式控 2
risks to a person from a source of
danger by separating the process 制危险源对人的危害的风险控制方法
producing the danger from the
person
Self-employed Someone who is in business for 个体经营者 独自经营的人，或作为独资企业主或独立承包 7
themselves, or carry on a trade or
business as a sole proprietor or an 商进行贸易或业务活动
independent contractor
Semi-quantitative risk ranking A means of organising the results 半定量风险评估 一种采用打分系统，如1，2，3等对风险评估 7
of a risk assessment using
numerical scoring system, e.g. 1, 结果进行表述的风险评估方法
2, 3, etc.
Senior manager A person with an executive or 高级经理 在组织的管理构架中处于顶部的具有执行和监 6
supervisory function operating at
the top end of the management 督职责的人员
hierarchy of an organisation
Sensitisation The overreaction of the body’s 过敏 身体免疫系统对某一过敏物质的过度反应。皮 5
immune system to the presence of
a substance to which that person 肤或呼吸系统的过敏反应比较常见
has become sensitised. Often
associated with sensitisation
reactions of the skin or respiratory
system.
Sensitiser A substance which can cause 过敏源 可使身体产生过敏的物质。一旦发生过敏反应 5
sensitisation of the body. Once this
sensitisation reaction has taken ，之后即使只接触到极少剂量的该过敏源，也
place, further exposure to the 将产生症状
substance, even to the tiniest
trace, will produce symptoms
Severity Violence or acuteness of illness or 严重性 伤害或疾病的严重程度 6
injury

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Shift work An employment practice designed 轮班制 一种不是常规的8小时工作制，而是全天24小 7
to make use of the full 24 hours of
the day, rather than a standard 时工作制的雇佣方式。“轮班“既包括长期夜班
working day. The term shift work ，也包括员工相互轮班
includes both long-term night shifts
and work schedules in which
employees change or rotate shifts
Shoring The action or an act of propping up 支撑 承托挖掘的沟槽的侧壁以防塌陷 6
or supporting the side walls of an
excavation
Sickness rates The levels of sickness absence 发病率 在一定时间内因病离开工作场所的员工的数量 7
from the workplace over a defined
period of time
Silencers Attachments fitted to air or gas 消音器 安装在空气或气流进出口处以降低噪音的装置 5
stream inlets and exhausts to
reduce noise levels
Site rules Safety related instructions or 现场规定 某一特定工作场所为其制订的并被强化执行的 5
procedures made and enforced at
a particular work site 安全指令或程序
Slip resistant surface A road or walkway with a treated 防滑地面 表面被特别处理或制作成网纹状的道路或走道 7
or textured surface designed to
give high levels of grip for vehicles ，这样的地面在所有可预计的状况下，比如潮
or pedestrians during all 湿或有油污时，都会给车辆或行人提供良好的
foreseeable conditions, e.g. when
surface is wet, oily etc 防滑性能

Slips/trips/falls A common type of accident 滑倒/绊倒/坠落 一种工作场所常见的事故： 6

suffered in the workplace: slips –
the act of sliding and falling down, 滑倒—因打滑而跌倒
trips - to strike with the foot so as 绊倒—因绊脚而跌倒
to cause stumbling, and falls - a
dropping down from a high or 坠落—从高处或相对高位掉下
relatively high position
Sludge Any earthy or slimy matter or 淤泥 一种细小的粉末状物质和水的混合物，比如泥 6
deposit; a mixture of some finely
powdered substance and water. 土、粘滑的物质或沉淀物。这类物质通常在各
Such material formed as waste in 类工业或机械流程中作为废弃物产生
various industrial and mechanical
processes
Smoke tubes Apparatus that produces a plume 烟雾管 一种在测试通风系统性能时，通过产生烟雾来 7
of smoke to detect air flow patterns
when testing the efficiency of 确定空气流动模式的器具
ventilation systems
Societal expectations The expectations of society at 社会期望 社会对可接受风险、最低生活标准等的期望 7
large with respect to what
constitutes acceptable risks, what
constitutes minimum living
standards etc.
Sound pressure The local pressure deviation from 声压 由声波产生的局部与周边（平均或平衡的）之 7
the ambient (average, or
equilibrium) pressure caused by a 间的压力差
sound wave
Staff turnover The number of employees leaving 员工流失率 员工离开和被替换的数量 6
a work-force and being replaced,
change of staff
Stain tube detector Chemical detectors consisting of 检测管 一种玻璃管状的空气检测器，其管内充装有经 2
glass tubes filled with solid
granular material which has been 特殊化学制剂处理的固体颗粒，该固体颗粒在
impregnated with a chemical agent 与被检测空气中的污染物发生反应后会变色。
that can react with an airborne
contaminant and create a colour 在进行空气检测时，用手动泵经检测管采集推
change. The recommended 荐量的受污染空气，管内颗粒通常会在2分钟
volume of contaminated air is
sampled through the tube by using 内变色，检测管发生颜色变化的长度与所检测
a hand pump. A colour change or 的空气中的污染物的浓度成正比
stain is produced on the tube,
usually within two minutes, and the
length of the stain is proportional
to concentration of the
contaminant in air
Stakeholder A person, company, etc., with a 股东 对一个公司、业务、系统等的成功运作存在财 6
concern or (esp. financial) interest
in ensuring the success of an 务上的利益的个人或公司等
organization, business, system,
etc.
Statement of intent A written declaration in a safety 声明 安全政策中有关本组织健康安全管理目标的书 7
policy setting out the goals of the
organisation with respect to the 面陈述
management of health and safety
Stress The adverse reaction people have 精神压力 人们对过度压力或施加在他们身上的其它要求 2
to excessive pressure or other
types of demand placed on them 产生的不良反应

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Strimmer A mechanical cutting device 割草机 一种用以切割草和其它植物的机械设备。该设 5
designed to cut grass and other
vegetation. It comprises a motor 备配有用轴连接在一起的马达和切割头、手柄
and cutting head, connected by a 、以及操作用控制器切割头使用细线对植物进
shaft with fitted handles and
controls. The cutting head uses 行切割
cord or string to cut vegetation
Subordinate person One who is under the control or 下属 受指挥或听命于上司的人 6
orders of a superior
Substances any natural or artificial substance 物质 任何固态、液态或气态的天然或人造物质（包 4
whether in solid or liquid form
or in the form of a gas or vapour 括微生物）
(including micro-organisms)
Substitution Replacing hazardous substance or 替代 用危害较少的物质或流程取代危害较大的物质 7
process with a less harmful one
或流程
Suitable and sufficient In terms of risk assessments a 充分有效 就风险评估而言，“充分有效”是指识别出了工 7
suitable and sufficient risk
assessment is one which identifies 作中所涉及的所有重大风险，使雇主确定并优
the significant risks arising out of 化的风险控制措施既能满足相关法律法规的要
work; enables the employer to
identify and prioritise the measures 求，同时又适合该作业活动的特点，也能在合
that need to be taken to comply 理的期限内保持有效
with the relevant statutory
provisions; and is appropriate to
the nature of the work and such
that it remains valid for a
reasonable period of time
Superficial defence Hazardous substances: the means 表层防御机制 针对有害物质而言，指身体在其最表层试图抵 7
mechanisms by which the body attempts to
prevent substances entering at its 御物质进入体内的手段，比如通过作为物理阻
surface, e.g. by the physical 隔的皮肤、通过打喷嚏或咳嗽排出异物等
barrier presented by the skin,
expelling substances by sneezing
or coughing etc
Supervision General management, direction, or 监管 总体管理、指挥、控制、对工人的看管 6
control; oversight of workers
Supervisor A person who exercises general 主管 对某一业务或某一员工群体等进行总体指挥或 6
direction or control over a
business, a body of workmen, etc 控制的人

Supply chain The chain of processes involved in 供应链 生产和配送某一商品的流程 6

the production and distribution of a
commodity
Systematic Arranged or conducted according 系统化 按照系统、计划或预定的方法组织与实施 6
to a system, plan, or organized
method
Target An amount/action set as a 目标 一个设定的作为最低目标的量值或行动 6
minimum objective
Target organ The biological organ(s) most 目标器官 受某一特定化学品或物质不良影响最严重的生 7
adversely affected by exposure to
a particular chemical or substance 物器官即为该化学品或物质的目标器官

Task With respect to manual handling, 任务 针对人工搬运而言，“任务”是指人们搬运重物 7

the task is the operation involved
when a person or persons lift and 的活动。任务的各方面在进行人工搬运风险评
move a load. Aspects of the task 估时都应该被考虑到
are considered when conducting a
manual handling risk assessment
Technical control A control method which uses 技术控制 一种采用技术手段达到控制目的的风险控制方 7
technical means (e.g. engineering
methods, mechanical means etc.) 法（例如：工程方法，机械手段等）
to achieve its objectives
The public The community or people as a 公众 作为一个整体的社会或民众，全体社会成员 6
whole; the members of the
community collectively
Time limiting exposure A control method that reduce the 允许暴露时间 一种通过设定个人允许的最长暴露时间，来降 7
risks to a person from a source of
danger by setting a limit of how 低某一危险源对个人的危害的风险控制方法
long the person can be exposed to
it
Time weighted average Measurements of exposure to a 加权平均值 一种计量方法，用于衡量在某一规定的时间段 2
substance expressed as an
average concentration over a 内暴露于某一物质的平均浓度（强度），一般
defined period of time, commonly it 都是指单班8小时工作时间暴露于某一物质的
is a measure of exposure intensity
that has been averaged over an 8- 平均值
hour work shift
Time-scales The length of time sufficient, 时间表 实现某一目标所需的充足的、必要的或希望的 6
necessary, or desired for some
purpose 时间长短

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Toe-board A barrier placed along the bottom 踢脚板 固定在脚手架平台或过道等边缘处，用以防止 3
edge of a scaffold platform,
runway, etc., and secured there to 人员滑落或物品坠落的屏障
guard against the slipping of
persons or the falling of material
Toolbox talks Short talks given to workers 班前会 在工作之前与作业人员进行的，关于工作中的 5
focused around specific health and
safety issues, such as slips and 特别健康安全问题（比如注意防止滑倒绊倒等
trips, which allow workers, safety ）的简短讨论，其目的是使作业人员、安全专
professionals and managers to
explore risks and develop 业人员和经理们能够更全面的识别风险并制定
strategies for dealing with them. 措施控制好风险。班前会通常在作业现场进行
Normally given in the workplace.
Toxic substances Substances liable either to cause 有毒物质 如果被吞入、吸入或经皮肤接触会导致死亡、 3
death or serious injury or to harm
human health if swallowed or 严重伤害或健康受损的物质
inhaled or by skin contact
Trade unions An association of the workers in 工会 指某一工商领域或工商联盟的工人社团，其目 6
any trade or in allied trades for the
protection and furtherance of their 的是保护并改善工人在工资、工作时间和工作
interests in regard to wages, 条件等方面的利益
hours, and conditions of labour
etc.
Trapping Mechanical hazard of machinery 卷入 人员会被卷入或被机械部件夹住而造成伤害的 7
whereby a person can be injured
by drawing-in or being trapped 机械危害
between components of a machine
Travel distance with regard to The actual distance to be travelled 火灾逃生距离 人员在楼层内任何地点到本楼层最近安全出口 5
fire safety by a person from any point within
the floor area to the nearest storey 的实际距离，该距离受墙体的布局、室内间隔
exit, having regard to the layout of 和设备摆放影响
walls, partitions and fittings
Trip device Equipment for detecting persons 关停装置 用于监测人员被机器危险部件夹住的安全装置 3
or parts of persons which may
have been caught by a dangerous 。该装置在监测到危险后会向控制系统发出一
part of a machine. It generates an 个信号以实施关停。该装置的按钮应安装在可
appropriate signal to the control
system to reduce risk to the 能被夹住的人员容易够及的位置
persons detected. It should be
positioned so that it may be easily
actuated by any person caught
Two-handed controls control device which requires at 双手控制 一种需要通过双手同时操作才能启动并保持危 3
least simultaneous operation by
both hands in order to initiate and 险机器动作的安全保护装置，该装置可确保操
to maintain hazardous machine 作本机器开启的人员的手不会被夹伤
functions, thus providing a
protective measure only for the
person who actuates it
Uninsured costs Financial losses resulting from a 非保险损失 未被保险覆盖的因工作场所事故产生的财务损 7
workplace accident that are not
covered by an insurance policy, 失，如：损失工时、额外工资、罚款、诉讼费
e.g. lost time, extra wages, fines, 用等
legal costs etc.

Unprotected edges Any edge of a roof or similar place 未被保护的边缘 未设置任何防止人员从高处坠落的固定装置的 7

at height where work may be
conducted that has no barriers or ，人员有可能在其附近工作的屋顶或类似高处
other device fitted to guard against 的边缘
a person falling off

Unsafe acts The act of a worker or workers 不安全行为 有可能导致事故发生的员工行为 7

that had an influence on the
occurrence of an accident
Unsafe conditions The condition of a workplace or 不安全状况 有可能导致事故发生的工作场所或工作环境 7
working environment that had an
influence on the occurrence of an
accident
User checks With respect to electrical safety 用户检查 针对电气安全而言，是指用户在使用电气设备 5
user checks are when the person
using electrical equipment looks at 前，对设备进行仔细的外观检查，以确保设备
it critically and checks for 处于良好状态，检查内容如：
signs that it may not be in safe
condition, for example:  电缆外皮的损伤（除轻微刮伤）
 damage (apart from light
 插座的损坏，如外壳爆裂或插脚弯曲
scuffing) to the cable sheath;
 damage to the plug, for example  不规范的连接，包括用胶布包裹方式连接电
the casing is cracking or the 缆
pins are bent;
 inadequate joints, including  过热的迹象（烧灼痕或变色）等
taped joints in the cable;
 evidence of overheating (burn
marks or discoloration) etc
Violations Any deliberate deviation from the 违规 任何蓄意违反制定的健康安全制度、程序或指 5
rules, procedures or instructions
drawn up for health and safety 令的行为

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The documented process by which 废弃物转移 废弃物的所属者将废弃物转移至另一方的文档 5
Waste transfer a holder of waste transfers that
waste to another party 记录

Welfare The state or condition of doing or 福利 让人感觉舒适的工作状况或环境；人员健康 6

being well; the well-being of a
person
Welfare facilities Welfare facilities are those that are 福利设施 福利设施是指那些对雇员健康与舒适必不可少 6
necessary for the well-being of
employees, such as washing, 的设施，如：洗漱间、厕所、休息室、更衣室
toilet, rest and changing facilities, 、以及清洁的用于工间休息时吃喝的场所
and somewhere clean to eat and
drink during breaks
Whole body vibration Mechanical vibration which is 全身震动 在作业活动中，传输到人的身体上的机械振动 5
transmitted into the body, when
seated or standing, through the
supporting surface, during a work
activity
Winch A hoisting or hauling apparatus 绞车 一种提升或牵引装置，其主要由一个用于缠绕 6
consisting essentially of a
horizontal drum round which a 绳索的水平滚筒和驱动其转动的轴组成
rope passes and a crank by which
it is turned
Work activities The set of behaviours and 作业活动 进行作业时员工自身的一系列行为和对资源的 2
resources used by an employee so
that work occurs, e.g. the 使用，比如：产品的生产或制作、服务的实施
transformation or production of
goods or the rendering of a service
Work equipment Any machinery, appliance, 工作设备 任何工作中使用的机器、电器、仪器、工具或 4
apparatus, tool or installation for
use at work 装置
Work platform With regard to working at height: 工作平台 针对高处作业而言，指任何可站在其上进行工 5
any surface from which work is
carried out, such as a roof, 作的平面，如屋顶、脚手架等
scaffold, etc
Workers Employed persons, including 工人 被雇佣的人，包括公职人员 1
public employees
Working at height Work undertaken in any place, 高处作业 指如不采取预防措施，就可能导致人员坠落一 5
including a place at or below
ground level and/or obtaining 定高度并因此造成伤害的任何作业。高处作业
access to or egress from such 可以出现在任何地方，包括地面或地面以下，
place where, if measures were not
taken, a person could fall a 和/或进人或离开作业点的过程中
distance which would cause
personal injury
Working environment With respect to manual handling 工作环境 针对人工搬运而言，“工作环境”是指进行人工 7
the working environment relates to
the physical and environmental 搬运工作时所面临的物理的和环境的条件。在
conditions in which a manual 进行人工搬运风险评估时，应考虑的与工作环
handling task is undertaken.
Factors relating to the working 境有关的因素包括：是否因空间限制不能采取
environment considered in a 正确姿势、地板是否平整、地板是否湿滑或不
manual handling risk assessment
include whether there are: space 稳、地板是否振动、极端温度和湿度、以及是
constraints preventing good 否照明不足等
posture, uneven, slippery or
unstable floors, variations in level
of floors or work surfaces,
extremes of temperature or
humidity, poor lighting conditions
etc
Workplace All places where workers need to 工作场所 因为工作原因工人需要滞留或到达的，并在雇 1
be or to go for their work and
which are under the direct or 主的直接或间接控制下的所有场所
indirect control of the employer
Work-related disease Any disease with multiple causal 与工作有关的疾 任何疾病都是由多个因素导致的，如果疾病的 2
agents, where factors in the work
environment may play a role, 病 产生是因为工作环境中的某些因素与其它一些
together with other risk factors, in 风险因素共同作用的结果，则为“与工作有关
the development of such diseases,
which have a complex aetiology 的疾病”
Work-related ill-health Negative impacts on health arising 与工作有关的健 因在工作中受到化学、生物、物理、工作安排 3
from exposure to chemical,
biological, physical, work- 康不良 和社会心理等因素的影响而导致健康状况不佳
organizational and psychosocial
factors at work
Work-related upper limb The discomfort persistent pain or 与工作有关的上 工作中由于重复使用手或上肢，或对身体某部 5
disorders injury to muscles, tendons and
other soft tissues suffered by 肢功能紊乱 位重复施加压力，或长时间保持某个固定的姿
workers potentially as a result of 势，从而使肌肉、韧带和其它软组织出现持续
the repeated use of the hand or
limbs, repeated application of 疼痛或受到伤害
pressure to one part of the body or
the maintenance of a rigid posture
at work

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Workspace The immediate environment 工作区域 人员在进行工作时其所处的作业点区域 7
around a worker whilst he/she is
carrying out work
Workstation Combination of work equipment for 工作台 在工作场所给特定人员提供的工作设备组合 5
a particular person in a work space
Young person A person under 18 years of age 未成年人 18周岁以下的人 1
 

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