2017 Second International Conference on Recent Trends and Challenges in Computational Models
A Study on vehicle to vehicle collision
prevention using Fog, Cloud, big data and
Elliptic curve security based on threshold
energy efficient protocol in wireless sensor
network
N.Sathishkumar,
Research Scholar,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
VIT University, Vellore
sathishkumar.n2016@vitstudent.ac.in,
ABSTRACT
Now a day’s more number of vehicles are growing due to
populations are growing day by day. All type of vehicles like bus,
car, two wheeler, plane, cycle making collision with other
vehicles or with other objects like wall, trees, down position,
curve position etc. Every year almost 1.25 million people are
killed on the road due to vehicle accident. At present one of the
biggest problems in the world is vehicle accident. The vehicle to
vehicle accident is very high compared than other type of
accident. There are many research solutions already existing for
preventing collision then also accident not possible to control it.
According to the vehicle to vehicle accident in this paper the
proposed solution for controlling the vehicle to vehicle collision
prevention. Not only that the information about the vehicle like
GPS location, traffic information, vehicle information and driver
information also send to fog computing and then stored in cloud.
The cloud agent is stored incoming data into Hadoop database.
The sensor will be attached to all type of vehicle in all side based
on the vehicle to vehicle distance will be measured through
sensor and the data will be transmit to the Fog Computing and
then send to cloud agent. After that the cloud agents store all the
information to the Hadoop database. The cloud agent playing
major role between mobile app and Hadoop database. The cloud
agent analysis incoming data from the sensor and it will send the
message to driver mobile app. It is based on distance between
two vehicles the mobile app produce the alarm. After the alarm
driver can reduce the speed after that the vehicle will be
controlled by the driver. The security is also very important for
data and protection of data based on elliptic curve cryptography
encryption and decryption with shorter key and also the data
processing can be very fast. Through mobile app all driver, traffic
police, transport in charge and pedestrian can get information
about the all type of vehicle information from the database.
Separate login is provided for all type of user.
Keywords: Vehicles, Cloud, Big data, Smartphone, GPS,
Hadoop Database, Elliptic curve cryptography, Fog
computing, Encryption and Decryption.
978-1-5090-4799-4/16 $31.00 © 2017
978-1-5090-4799-4/17 2016 IEEE
DOI 10.1109/ICRTCCM.2017.32
Dr.K.Rajakumar
Associate Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
VIT University, Vellore
rajakumar.krishnan@vit.ac.in
I INTRODUCTION
Accident is the one major problem in all over the world.
In fact the vehicle to vehicle accident death is very high
year by year compared than all type of death in the world.
There are 120 million accident occur at work place
worldwide according to work office statistics. Out of 120
million 210,000 are deadly accident. There are many
people carefully walking on the road due to afraid of
accident and Every day many men or woman do not come
out form home because of afraid of accident. There are
many accidents which show very limited public notice.
Here safety of vehicle to vehicle discussed in all existing
research. But vehicle accident is not controlled due to
population. The safety is very important when we are
travelling in any type of vehicle. Many people travelling
in any vehicle thinking only about safety. Safety is playing
major role in all type of vehicle. The driver during driving
any vehicle must be aware of road safety. Day by day
accident is not possible to control due to high population.
The Internet of things is growing every year doubled.
According to vehicle safety in this paper proposed the
safety mobile application for driver and pedestrian safety.
Controlling the speed by driver is needed every time. The
use of smart phone day by day it is increasing like
population growing age. Traffic also consider for safety
and driver. Due to traffic accident may occur or collisions
between vehicles to vehicles occur. GPS system is used for
finding the vehicle in any place where it is present. Many
existing research scholar using this GPS concept. Recently
wireless sensor is playing major role in all the domain.
Using wireless sensor in the vehicle we can avoid the
collision between vehicles to vehicle and also wireless
sensor used for faulty street light identification. After
finding the faulty street light the message will be send to
the relevant authorities. There are many existing algorithm
used for vehicle safety and pedestrian. Cloud and wireless
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sensor used for vehicle safety and also data center is used
for storing vehicle information. There are many existing
solution available for alert the driver in timely manner and
also finding the distance between two vehicle for vehicle
communication and safety . The traffic safety is also very
important for the safety of the vehicle. Central
Government and state government also taking many
action against controlling the accident and vehicle to
vehicle collision. In this proposed model we have taken
some example and according to that solution will be given.
Figure 1- vehicle to vehicle accident
Form the figure 1 the vehicle (bus) to vehicle (bus)
collision occur due to driver not possible to control the
speed or some other reason. Speed is the main reason for
vehicle to vehicle collision occurs in real time. In our
proposed model giving solution for avoiding this type of
accident.
Figure 2- come out from the road
Figure 2 is example for vehicle come out form the road.
This type of accident is very dangerous for people inside
the bus. There is many existing solution also available to
control this type of accident. But in our proposed model
giving solution for all type of collision.
Figure 3 vehicle to vehicle collision
Figure 3 is example for vehicle to vehicle collision occurs.
There are many research based on road safety and vehicle
safety still exist. But accident still occurs in road or any
vehicle to vehicle collision. Avoiding this type of accident
proposed model is giving complete solution.
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II RELATED WORK
In the literature review various types accident detection,
prevention have been discussed. According to this new
proposed model is proposed. Mehrdad Bagheri et al [1]
proposed about the safety mobile application for driver
and pedestrian safety. It is wireless based communication
and also energy efficient methods for this model. It has
been developed for vehicle and pedestrian collision
prevention system and also discussed about the cloud
analysis using geolocation city scale method. Pnar Boyraz
and John H. L. Hansen [2] investigated about the
improbability in steering wheel commands using the
drowsiness monitoring system and analyzed about the
side-slip angle, lateral controller and changing the
response in most stable areas. Sergio M et al [3] presented
about the driver protection application for mobile phone
based on a caution Distribution protocol. They have
analyzed about the current location, route information and
road maps using navigation system. Now a days the
mobile based caution is very much useful for vehicle
safety. Soufiene Djahel, et al [4] proposed about the
congestion in the traffic and discussed about the driver
lives. They have analyzed about the development of smart
cities by avoiding traffic congestion and mitigation. In
cities the congestion of the vehicle will be very high. Essen
Joseph Leo et al [5] discussed about the vehicle using GPS
system. In that they have analyzed about the vehicle
information about the speed of the vehicle, direction of the
vehicle and type of the vehicle. The vehicle is most
important for moving one place to another place. Lijian
Xu, Member et al [6] investigated about the safety of
highway vehicle. They have used radar distance measure
sensor and wireless message channels for the safety
system and also analyzed about the control performance
and communication resources relationship. Finally they
have proposed the solution for vehicle safety problem.
Victoria J. Hodge et al [7] presented about the wireless
sensor used in railway communications such as train
physical condition with several parameter of the train.
They have analyzed about the wireless sensor with
identification of the sensor and wireless network
topologies. Huang-Chen Lee et al [8] discussed about the
street light faulty detection model. The faulty report will
be send to the relevant authorities to keep road safely.
They have added wireless senor network into street light
poles to produce the real time status report for the faulty
lights. Xinzhou Wu et al [9] proposed about prevent the
vehicle collision based on the vehicle and pedestrian
algorithm. They have demonstrate different types of
pedestrian safety model and analyzed about the security.
Due to vehicle collision many people getting fear while in
travelling in any vehicle. Safety is very important for the
pedestrian and vehicle collision should be avoided.
Ryangsoo Kim [10] investigated about the wireless access
point through cloud data center to vehicles with local data
storage. They have discussed about the wireless route
based data and they have used greedy algorithm and
algorithm for online learning with data center. Finally
discussed about the different types of vehicles. Jiun-Ren
Lin et al [11] discussed about the blind zone alert system
which monitor about the vehicle and alert to the driver in
a timely manner. The main benefit of this model is low
cost and 99% detection rate with 15% alarm will be falls
rate. The alert system is used many domain for security.
Xiaohuan Li et al [12] analyzed about the new design for
the one-hop delay and multi-hop delay and average-hop
delay in vehicle to vehicle communication with many
factors like transmission range, density of the vehicle,
distance of the propagation, length of the vehicle average
and minimum distance between vehicle safety. They have
used genetic algorithm in real time vehicular. Yaser P.
Fallah et al [13] proposed about the vehicle safety and
broadcast of the vehicle state over a wireless local area
network only with short range communication. They have
analyzed about the two available control algorithms
according to spatial fairness and time stability. Finally
discussed about the fairness property achieved through
power control system.Yi-Sheng Huang et al [14] discussed
about the model for the emergency vehicle system for
traffic safety in the road ways. They have discussed about
the emergency vehicles should with no or less delay.
Finally they have been analyzed about the transition with
time sequence. They have verified similarity of the
proposed model. Paolo Braca et al [15] proposed about the
two dispersal model in which data are shared among the
wireless sensor consist of different parameter like local
detection stage, contacts and track. The parameter are
playing major role in the sensor and discussed about the
tacking model using sensor used in several domain.
Chunsheng Zhu1 et al [16] investigated about wireless
sensor network and analyzed about time and precedence
based data transmittal and also discussed about the
precedence based sleep programming algorithm to save
physical phenomenon. Chia-Mu Yu et al [17] discussed
about the data privacy and data completeness issue and
also proposed VPAA for cloud through computer
simulation and prototype execution. Finally proved that
VPAA is energy businesslike and data private is effectual.
The privacy of the data is very important mostly in health
data. This type of cloud based analysis is very much useful
for the domain. Dr.V.Vijayalakshmi et al [18] investigated
about the Track Clustering Sector and Hyper Simple
Curve Cryptanalysis and also implemented with less than
100 bit size, which is give the less memory storage and
more efficient. The less bit size is very much useful in fast
encryption and decryption data in domain. Non
Thiranantet et al [19] analyzed about the presentation
comparison between public security key cryptography and
Simple security Curve Cryptography based on QR Code
Seal. The security is playing major role. The security is
needed in all the application. Without security very
difficult to safe guard the especially military data, medical
data and vehicle information data. Ana H. Jokhio1 et al
[20] investigated about the security for wireless sensor
network application and also discussed about the safety,
ability and low power in the network. They also discussed
about the light Wight encryption and decryption in the
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network. Peng Zenget et al [21] investigated about the
simple curved shape cryptanalysis and the hash
concatenation in wireless sensor system and also analyzed
about the built-in defect in the designing and incontestable
about the enhanced novel access control protocol is
assailable due to new node masquerade party onslaught
and a court-ordered node masquerade party attack, in
misdemeanor of their condition assertion.
III BIG DATA
Big data is nothing but very large data stored in the
database. Examples are [22] discussed about the Hadoop
big data flat database and [23] discussed about the green
metric of the big data and [24] discussed about the big data
analytics for the health condition monitoring model. The
big data used for the many social networking like Google,
face book, Amazon, flibkart etc. these type of website
storing millions of data, picture, video every seconds
through internet or through in mobile app. Storing the very
large incoming data and processing the very big data is
considered to be big data. For storing the data there are
many numbers of computer machines and many numbers
of databases should be used. The Big data is analyzed with
the help of Map Reduce concept. It is taking and
processing the large data in across multiple computers, in
parallel. It consists of two parts. One is Map function is
used for filtering and sorting, placing and taking data from
inside so that it can analyzed and second one is Reduce
function used to display summary of this data and by
combining it all together. For analyzing big data Apache
Hadoop is used. Hadoop can be run in hardware and it is
used for analysis in the cloud and making it easy to use an
existing data center. Hadoop is divide into four pats. One
is the Hadoop distributed file system, which is a
distributed system designed for very large aggregate
bandwidth and second one YARN is a stage for managing
Hadoop's resources and the Hadoop infrastructure run
based on scheduling programs and third one Map Reduce
is model for big data processing and fourth one is common
set of libraries.
IV CLOUD COMPUTING AND FOG COMPUTING
Cloud is the combination of hardware and software
available in anywhere. Fog computing is the combination
of cloud and internet of device. Anyone in the world can
get information in online without knowing the where the
data is available and without knowing the hardware and
software. All the software in cloud managed by
themselves. No need to worry about licenses for any
software or keeping them up to date. Example for cloud
managed is a Google doc is helping for us to open any type
of document in Gmail. No need to worry anything about
google doc. Managing software and hardware is very easy
in cloud. Cloud is an on demand. It is based on
subscription basis or pay according to what u buy. So
buying cloud is similar to buy electricity, telephone
services and Internet access from any company. Cloud is
the pay based series mostly Google cloud are pay services
and Public cloud is the web based services mostly all the
services are free like Google email, docs etc and hybrid
cloud is the combination of public or private. Cloud is
divided into three different types of cloud, where different
types of services are being provided for all the people in
the world. One is Infrastructure as a service means buying
storage in online it consist set of hardware and software
and second one is software as services means software
installed in cloud. Anyone can access software in the
world that is stored in the cloud and third one is platform
as a service means anyone can develop application using
web oriented tools. So it can run on hardware and software
by another company. In our proposed system cloud agent
is used store the incoming data from wireless sensor and
process the data according to vehicle to vehicle distance
and send the alarm message to driver app. So that drive
can reduce the speed after getting the alarm.
V SECURE END TO END SENSITIVE ENERGY
EFFICIENT PROTOCOL
In this secure protocol the sensor will be sense the medium
continuously in the network , the data it transmit only if
the value changes on soft threshold value and hard
threshold value and if the value is not sending the medium
it is forced to send the data in the network. It is used in tine
division access mechanism to send the data according to
the time slot.
5.1 Functioning Of SEESEEP
The bunch heads broadcasts the data in four ways. One is
the property it is a set of physical parametric quantity of
the data and second one is the beginning it is a parametric
quantity exist of a both hard threshold and a soft threshold
in a wireless sensor network protocol and third is the agent
it is a tine division agenda, assignment a position to all
node reported time and fourth one is the total time taken
for communication between one end to other end systems.
5.2 Main Features of the SEESEEP
It combines both retroactive and activated policies in the
sensor network and in this method user is allowed
according to count time and value based on property. The
physical Phenomenon intake can be dynamical the number
of time as well as the first values and the Disadvantage of
the network is required the number of time in the sensor
network. It is sensitive energy efficient because the
sending of data through sensor is based hard threshold
value and soft threshold value and also it process in less
time and more efficient.
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VI APPROACHES BASED ON ELLIPTIC
CURVE SECURITY
Simple elliptic curve security is an open key encryption
and it is utilized to faster encryption and decryption. It
generates keys from elliptic curve equation as they product
of very large prime number and it used small keys for
encrypt and decrypt. It is proposed by Diffie-Hellman in
1970. The benefit of ECC is used smaller keys it reduce
storage and transmission requirements. In this proposed
model mathematical object are used to encrypt with
shorter keys and decrypt with shorter keys then those of
public cryptography. The shorter keys produce faster
processing, less memory power and battery power will be
very long. In our proposed system related to previous
security we have used elliptic curve cryptography for
encryption and decryption for all data and also used
shorter keys for encryption and decryption for less
processing time and energy efficient.
VII INTRODUCTION TO SMARTPHONES
MOBILE APPLICATION
Figure 4 types of smart phone user
In Recent years the mobile phone is playing major role in
all the people in the world. In any single home every one
having the mobile phone. Day by day the mobile phone
user is increasing due to population increasing day by day.
Due to that in smart mobile app is playing major role for
all type of work. There are many production company is
available like Lenovo, Motorola, Samsung, Panasonic,
polo, etc. day by day the company also increasing. The
person is willing to buy mobile his or her own choices
depend upon money and configuration. From figure 4 in
our proposed model mobile app is developed for driver,
traffic police, transport in charge, pedestrian and police.
Here all type users can get the information with the
username and password the driver can get the vehicle
distance between two vehicle and transport in charge can
get transport information like GSP location and driver
information and also the traffic police and police can get
traffic information about the vehicle. Table 1 shows the
 VIII SEVEN LEVEL OF VEHICLE TO VEHICLE ACCIDENT COLLISION PREVENTION

Figure 5- Architecture diagram for six level of vehicle to vehicle collision prevention

In our proposed model form figure-5 seven level of vehicle to vehicle collision prevention and security for vehicle related
data are used here. First level is vehicle to vehicle distance will be measure using wireless sensor protocol and send to Fog
Computing device. Not only distance other parameter like GPS location, Vehicle information, driver information and People
information also send to Fog device. Second level is fog computing it is combination cloud and internet of device. It stores
the incoming data and send to cloud agent. Third level is cloud agent. It is used to store the incoming data to the Hadoop
database and process the incoming data and send alarm message to driver mobile app based on vehicle to vehicle distance and
also send information to all type of mobile user. Fourth level is Hadoop database and it stored and process the data using Map
Reduce. Fifth level is Mobile App. It is support for driver, traffic police, people, Transport in charge and station police. Sixth
level in security. In our proposed model we have used Elliptic curve security for encryption and decryption and also shorter
keys used for fast encryption and decryption. Seventh level is Wireless sensor protocol. Here Adaptive threshold sensitive
energy efficient protocol used for communication. This protocol fully based on soft threshold and hard threshold. Our
proposed model gives complete solution vehicle to vehicle collision prevention and also security for all related data.

IX COMPARISON BETWEEN EXISTING SOLUTION AND PROPOSED SOLUTION

Exiting solution Existing technology Proposed solution Proposed technology

¾
Mobile application for driver and pedestrian safety ¾Wireless Sensor, ¾ Wireless sensor network
¾
Mobile based caution distribution system ¾GPS system ¾
Vehicle to vehicle distance base collision with energy saving
¾
Vehicle to pedestrians safety ¾Google navigation method prevention using wireless sensor protocol.
¾
Vehicle information for security ¾Cloud data center ¾
Mobile application for driver pedestrians, ¾ Big data Hadoop database.
¾
Vehicle and driver alert system ¾Blind zone alert system transport in charge and traffic police ¾ Cloud agent.
¾
Wireless sensor used in light Wight protocol ¾Genetic algorithm ¾
GPS location ¾ Elliptic curve Security for
¾
Access control mechanism in wireless sensor ¾Wireless local area ¾
Driver information, vehicle information in data.
protocol mobile app
¾
Mapping big data concept
¾
Challenges of big data
¾
Big data used in health care.

Table 2-comparison model for proposed system

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Table 2-comparison model for proposed system
Explanation
In this comparison model from table 2 we have analyzed
many reference according to that the gap available for
vehicle safety and vehicle data security. The proposed
model gives the complete solution for vehicle to vehicle
collision prevention and online solution for all the vehicles
and vehicle data security. Through mobile app all type of
user can get information like vehicle information, traffic
information, driver information, GPS location and vehicle
to vehicle distance.
X CONCLUSION
In this proposed model big data, fog computing and cloud
concept is used for storing vehicle GSP location, traffic
information, vehicle information, driver information, and
distance of the vehicle. The proposed models give the
solution for vehicle to vehicle collision prevention with
wireless sensor and adaptive threshold sensitive energy
efficient protocol for communication. The wireless
protocol used for communication between wireless sensor
and cloud agent. The elliptic curve cryptography used for
encryption and decryption and also we have used shorter
keys of encryption and decryption all vehicle information.
The shorter keys used here for less time encryption and
energy will be more. The wireless sensor measures the
distance between vehicle and vehicle and send the data to
fog computing and then send to cloud agent. The cloud
agent process the incoming data and send the alarm
message to driver smart phone app. The driver app in
smart phone based on vehicle to vehicle distance the alarm
will be ringing. After that based on alarm the driver can
reduce the speed of the vehicle and collision between
vehicle and vehicle can be avoided. The people will be
safe and accident can be avoided.
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