Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia – UNAD

Escuela De Ciencias Agrícolas Pecuarias Y Del Medio Ambiente

Definición y Evaluación De Indicadores De Ecoeficiencia - 358048_2

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA

ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS PECUARIAS Y DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE

DEFINICION Y EVALUACION DE INDICADORES DE ECOEFICIENCIA - 358048_2

STEP 1 - BASIC CONCEPT.

GENIETH JOSE GUTIERREZ COD 1.062.806.310

BARRANQUILLA
SEPTIEMBRE 4 DE 2019
 Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia – UNAD
Escuela De Ciencias Agrícolas Pecuarias Y Del Medio Ambiente
Definición y Evaluación De Indicadores De Ecoeficiencia - 358048_2

 Eco Efficiency
Eco-efficiency considers a key element to promote fundamental changes in the way
societies and knowledge of resources, and therefore to measure progress in growth in
harmony with the environment [5]. In addition, the concept of Eco-efficiency has been
accepted as a tool to evaluate the combined environmental and economic performance of
the production process.
The World Business Council for Sustainable Development defines Eco-efficiency as: “The
delivery of products and services at competitive prices that meet human needs and provide
quality of life, while progressively reducing ecological problems and the intensity of
resources through of the life cycle at a level at least in line with the estimated capacity of the
earth”.

 Ecological Efficiency Objectives

In practice, notes Bidoki et al., (2006), Eco-efficiency has three fundamental objectives,
and each one has opportunities to reduce costs and are: a) increase the value of the
product or service, b) optimize the use of resources and c) reduce environmental impact.
To achieve Eco-efficiency, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development
established a set of criteria, which are: 1) Minimize the intensive use of materials in the
production of goods and services; 2) Minimize the intensive use of energy in the
production of goods and services 3) Minimize the generation and dispersion of toxic
substances 4) Improve and increase the recycling of materials 5) Maximize the sustainable
use of natural resources 6) Extend durability of products 7) Increase the quality of goods
and services.

 Dimensions Of Ecological Efficiency.

BASF developed the “Eco-efficiency Analysis” methodology to measure the Eco-efficiency

of its products and processes. The AE is based on the life cycle analysis defined in the
ISO 14040 series of standards. These standards provide a scientific method to evaluate
products and processes.
Shonnard et al., (2003) suggest that EA is a way for the recognition and detection of
economic and environmental opportunities on a regular and timely basis, in addition to the
risks to the production process. In addition, the AE makes possible the development and
optimization of products and processes, and the selection of the most eco-efficient
alternative for the comparison of products and processes.
The Eco-efficiency Analysis is focused on two aspects or dimensions that are 1. The
economic impact takes into account the costs of the life cycle, and according to Saling et
al. (2002), these are the actual costs incurred in the process or product analyzed, 2. The
impact on the environment The important elements of the environmental assessment
include: energy use, use of raw materials, emissions to the environment (air, water, soil),
toxicity, safety risk, and land use.
 Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia – UNAD
Escuela De Ciencias Agrícolas Pecuarias Y Del Medio Ambiente
Definición y Evaluación De Indicadores De Ecoeficiencia - 358048_2

 Flowchart

The flowchart or activity diagram is a way to graphically represent an algorithm or process

of some nature, through a series of structured and linked steps that allow its revision as a
whole.
The graphic representation of these processes used, in the flowcharts, a specific series of
geometric figures that represent each specific step of the process being evaluated. These
forms defined in advance are connected to each other through arrows and lines that mark
the direction of the flow and the routes of the process, as if it were a map.

 Eco Balance

The ecobalance is a structured method to report the internal and external flows of
resources, raw materials, energy, products, by-products and waste that occur in a
particular organization and for a certain period of time.

 Environmental Impact

The environmental impact (also known as anthropic or anthropogenic impact on the

environment) is the effect that human activity produces on the environment. The concept
can be extended to the effects of a catastrophic natural phenomenon. Technically, it is the
alteration in the environmental baseline. Ecology is a science that deals with measuring
this impact and trying to minimize it.

 Sustainability

Environmental sustainability is the balance that is generated through the harmonious

relationship between society and the surrounding nature and of which it is a part. This
implies achieving development results without threatening the sources of our natural
resources and without compromising those of future generations. In that sense, it is
important to consider that the environmental aspect, beyond being a specific area of
human development, is really the axis of any form of development to which we want to
aspire.

 Business Environmental Management

They are management practices that allow all businesses, whether goods or services, to
avoid and anticipate possible environmental damage caused by the transformation and
delivery of the product to the final consumer. Corporate environmental management is
regulated under ISO 14001 of 2015, ISO 14001 provides organizations with a framework
with which to protect the environment and respond to changing environmental conditions,
always keeping the balance with socio-economic needs. All requirements are specified to
establish an efficient Environmental Management System, which allows the company to
achieve the desired results.
 Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia – UNAD
Escuela De Ciencias Agrícolas Pecuarias Y Del Medio Ambiente
Definición y Evaluación De Indicadores De Ecoeficiencia - 358048_2

 Cleaner Production

Cleaner Production is defined as the continuous application of an integrated preventive

environmental strategy to processes, products and services to increase global efficiency
and reduce risks to humans and the environment. What does Cleaner Production mean?
• In the production processes, Cleaner Production addresses the saving of raw materials
and energy, the elimination of toxic raw materials and the reduction in quantities and
toxicity of waste and emissions.
• In the development and design of the product, Cleaner Production addresses the
reduction of negative impacts throughout the product's life cycle: from the extraction of the
raw material to the final disposal.
• In services, Cleaner Production addresses the incorporation of environmental
considerations in the design and delivery of services.
As mentioned earlier, Cleaner Production is the continuous application of a preventive
strategy and methodology.
 Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia – UNAD
Escuela De Ciencias Agrícolas Pecuarias Y Del Medio Ambiente
Definición y Evaluación De Indicadores De Ecoeficiencia - 358048_2

BIBLIOGRAFÍA

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and Verification of Eco-efficiency Analyses. En:Part A BASF’s Eco-Efficiency
Analysis Methodology. BASF Corporation;2009.
http://www.nsf.org/business/eco_efficiency/NSF_BASF_EEA_Methodology_Validatio
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De la Concepción Pérez-Estrada, A., & María de-la-Paz-Martínez, E. (2016). Eco-
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Dechpong K, Charmondusit K. Eco-Efficiency assessment as a support tool for cleaner
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Juan Fernando Campos GESTION AMBIENTAL EMPRESARIAL
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ORGANIZACION DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA EL DESARROLLO INDUSTRIAL
onudi, Manual de Producción más Limpia, capitulo 1 Introdución a la Producción
más Limpia, https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/2008-06/1-Textbook_0.pdf
Shonnard DR, Kicherer A, Saling P. Industrial applications using BASF Eco-Efficiency
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 Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia – UNAD
Escuela De Ciencias Agrícolas Pecuarias Y Del Medio Ambiente
Definición y Evaluación De Indicadores De Ecoeficiencia - 358048_2

Última edición: 22 de diciembre de 2018. Cómo citar: "Diagrama de flujo". Autor: María
Estela Raffino. Para: Concepto.de. Disponible en: https://concepto.de/diagrama-de-
flujo/. Consultado: 04 de septiembre de 2019. Fuente: https://concepto.de/diagrama-
de-flujo/#ixzz5yb9GALA5