Answer to the question no 1

A good constitution helps to contribute to the development of the state. In this case, some elements are
needed.

Every clause of the constitution should be written in simple language. It should express its meaning
clearly without leaving any scope for confusion.The constitutions should not be lengthy. It should
contain only important things and unimportant things should not mentioned. But the brevity should not
lead to gap in Constitution having some issues unexplained.The constitution should be applicable to the
whole country. If it is a federation then it must say the structure and power of the center and provincial
government.The constitution should not be too rigid to hinder the process of amendment when
needed.A good constitution must contain the fundamental rights of the people.Independence of
judiciary is another quality of a good constitution. The judiciary should function freely and act as the
guardian of the fundamental rights of the people without favour or fear.

The constitution does not simply provide a recipe for an efficient government, but also deals with
limitations on power.Constitution is a book of governance that mean to protect all people irrespective of
their race, tribe or beliefs for equal purpose.We need Constitution as a country for positive control that
ecourages humanity were all people can live in peace and harmony without violating other people's
rights of existence.However in political world Constitution can be drafted, redfrafted and preached/
violated for capital reasons by those who have interest.

Answer to the question no 4

the key outcomes of Bangladesh foreign policy in various regimes .These are as follows-Sheikh Mujib’s
RegimeAfter independent Sheikh Mujib(the Father of the BangladeshiNation returned from Pakistanjail.
First of all he emphasized onthe reconstruction of the countryas well as achieving
internationalrecognition as an independentstate.In dealing with externalactors, Sheikh Mujib had to
followa similar policy of balancing thevarious groups. He alsotook some initiatives. Such as-

Returning of refugees andensuring shelter for them. Reconstruction devastated economy.

Collecting weapons fromfreedom fighters which are usedin war. Send back Indian soldiers totheir own
country .Sheikh Mujib tried to maintainclose relation with thosecountries who helpedBangladesh in the
time of war.He made a good relation withUSSR. He was very grateful toIndia. Successes of Mujib’s
regime:Sheikh Mujib was able toachieving concern of internationalcommunity about Bangladesh.India
recognized Bangladesh on6th December and Bhutan recognized on 7th December in1971. In the mujib’s
period EastEuropean socialist countries recognized Bangladesh. For hisadroitness India take back their
soldiers by. Heplayed a vital rule to making aclose relation with UN. Sheikh Mujib is the Pioneer
offoreign policy of Bangladesh.

Zia ur Rahman regime:

In the regime of the mostdevelopment of foreign policywere: Relations with the Islamic orMuslim
World.Relations with the Chaina.Relations with the India indifferent bilateral issues.As-Gangass
issue, South TalportiIsland issue, Problem of TinBiga Coridor, Sea boundaryproblem in the Bay of Bengal.
Ershad regime: President Ershad emphasized onthe political and military relationwith China. He
nourishedobstinate relation with India. Forhis diplomatic weakness some issues were unresolved. Such
as-South Talpotty, Returning ofIndigenous People, Farakkaproject etc. Ershad was able tomaking a good
relation withoccidental. For a rapport America helped Bangladesh in 1987and1988 in natural calamity.

Khaleda zia regime: After the falling of General Ershad,Begum Khaleda Zia took the throne by election.
She followedher husband in foreign relation.The characteristics of her foreignpolicy was Promoting
relation with UnitedStates.Making rapport with China.Making close relation withMuslim World.To make
SAARC as an effective organization.Maintaining good relation with India.To increase investment.
Emphasize on economic diplomacy.she also done Sending Peace Keeping Forcein UN from
BangladeshPlaying a vital role in SAPTATreaty.Playing an effective role onexporting human
resources.To accelerate CHT accord.To get lease Tin Bigha Corridorby contacting with India.

Sheikh hasina regime:Sheikh Hasina elected PrimeMinister in 1996. She followedsome method in foreign
policy.Such as Resolving bilateral problem with neighboring countries.,Economic diplomacy.Commercial
investment.Upholding national ideologies,Promoting friendship. ,Implementing CHT.

Khalea zia: she followed her previous foreign policy and tried to promotingthese. She tried to lessen
bordercollision between BDR and BSF.Pakistan President ParvezMosharraf visited Bangladesh
topromoting commercial relation.Begum Zia visited China,Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar,Singapore,
Malaysia and UnitedStates to promoting bilateral relation,

Hasina government has mobilizedof his prior foreign policy, specially relationship with India has
developincreasingly, such as,Transit treaty with India and Bangladesh Border security with India ,Tista
river conflict with India.,Trade Agreement between India and Bangladesh ,Defense Agreement in 2017.

Answer to the question no8

.Answer: The prime objectives of Bangladesh foreign policy given bellow:

The state will base its international relations on respect for national sovereignty and equality,
interference in other countries' internal affairs, peaceful settlement of international disputes, and
respect for the principles enshrined in international law .

1. In international relations, abandon the use of force and strive for general and complete disarmament.

2. Free support for the right of every human being to determine and build his or her own social,
economic and political system through his or her own social choices and means

3. Support oppressed people around the world in the fight for justice against imperialism, colonialism or
racism.

4. Economic Advancement and Integration: when get into a contract look who will get beneficiary if our
country don't get any economical advantage than we do not enter into contract.

5.Upholding National Ideology and Prestige:one of the important thing of foreign policy .do not lost
Ideology and prestige.
Answer to the question no 5:Santhal Hool, started on 30th June,1855 was first ever insident of rebellion
against oppression of colonial, imperialist British and their obsequious zamindars. It was a revolt against
the oppression of the colonial rule propagated through a distorted revenue system, enforced by the
zamindars, the police and the courts of the legal system set up by the British. Today we respectfully
remember Sidhu , Kanu the leader of the rebellion and martyrs , contributors of that historic movement
From June 23, 1757 the East India Company of England became the virtual ruler of Bengal and From
1757 they installed their own Nawab. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 replaced rule by the Company with
the direct control of Bengal by the British Crown.

Revolt against British Rule

Fakir Sannyasi Movement since the East India Company had received the Diwani or right to collect the
tax, many of the tax demands increased and the local landlords and headmen were unable to pay both
the ascetics and the English. Crop failures, and famine, which killed ten million people or an estimated
one-third of the population of Bengal compounded the problems since much of the arable land lay
fallow.Majnun Shah, the leader of a large group of fakirs who were traveling through Bengal, claimed in
1772 that 150 of them had been killed without cause in the previous year.Such repression was one of
the reasons that caused distress leading to violence, especially in Natore in Rangpur, now in modern
Bangladesh. However, some modern historians argue that the movement never gained popular support.
Leadership: The movement was spearheaded by Muhammad Abu Talib, popularly known as Majanu
Shah. He was a Sufi saint from Mewat and succeeded Shah Sultan Hasan Suriya Burhana to the
leadership of the Madaria Sufi in the mid eighteenth century. Majanu Shah’s lieutenants were his right
hand men and equally responsible for the initial roaring success of the rebellion. These included Musa
Shah, Cherag Ali Shah, Paragal Shah, Sobhan Shah, Karim Shah, etc. Among the Sannyasi section, names
like Bhabani Pathak, a Bhojpuri Brahmin, and Devi Chaudhurani are famous for their leadership abilities.

Rangpur Farmers Movement: 1783, Leadership: Nur Uddin

Balaki Shah Revolt: Bakerganj.Faraiji Movement, It was widely received in the districts of Dhaka,
Faridpur, Barisal, Mymensingh and Comilla.Leadership: Haji Shariatullah, Dudu Miyan

Titumir’s Rebellion in west Bengal The rebellion of :A large-scale rebellion in northern and central India.
It began as a mutiny of sepoys of the East India Company's army.

Leadership: Bahadur Shah Zafar, Bakht Khan, Mangal Pandey, Nana Sahi The Indigo revolt (or Nilbidroha)
was a peasant movement and subsequent uprising of indigo farmers against the indigo planters that
arose in Bengal

The Faraizi movement was a movement led by Haji Shariatullah in Eastern Bengal to give up un-Islamic
practices and act upon their duties as Muslims.it was widely receive in dhaka ,faridpur
,mymensingh,Cumilla.

Titumir’s Rebellion

Syed Mir Nisar Ali better known as Titumir was a Bengali Muslim freedom fighter who led a campaign
against the British rule in India during the 19th century. He eventually built a large bamboo fort (Basher
Kella in Bengali) in the village of Narikelberia, which passed onto Bengali folk legend. After the storming
of the fort by British soldiers, Titumir died of his wounds on 19 November 1831

Answer to the question no 7

Answer: The Middle Ages in Bengal coincided with Muslim ruleMuslim rule in this region is characterized
by two major achievements. First, Bengal was a permanent mosaic of the kingdom before Muslim rule in
the region. The natural boundaries of Bengal were not clearly understood until the political unification
of the Ilyash Shahi rulers in the fourteenth century. Second, the political unity that the Muslim rulers
formed also promoted linguistic similarity. Unlike its predecessors, the Muslim rulers were strong
patrons of the Bengali language and literature. Prior to Muslim rule, the Bengali vernacular was hated by
Hindu elites who were the beneficiaries and champions of Sanskrit education for their impurity and
obscenity. The spread of Islam challenged the spiritual leadership of upper caste Hindus.

The Muslim rule of Bengal also witnessed the gradual expansion of Islam in the region. Contrary to
popular belief, Muslim rulers in Bengal were not at least among the idealists or fanatics; They were
basically adventurers whose only goal was to establish their own rule. The progress of Muslims in
Bangladesh is in stark contrast to the single failure of Muslims in converting locals in other parts of
North and South India. The distribution of Muslims in different parts of South Asia clearly contradicts the
assumption that the patronage of temporary authority was the most important variable in the spread of
Islam. If this assumption were correct, Muslims would have progressed in the vicinity of the seats of
Muslim rule in northern India. The Delhi region where the Muslims ruled for more than six hundred
years was clearly a small minority, which clearly indicates that Islam was not imposed from above in
South Asia. In Bengal, Muslims made up the majority of the population in areas far from the seat of
Muslim rule.Muslim rule in Bengal contributed to economic polarization and cultural conflict. Pre-
Muslim Bengal was ruled by local military forces except for a short break from the North Indian Empire.
Most of the Muslim rulers either acted as agents of Delhi or tried to use Bengal as a ploy to gain political
power in Delhi. Economic exploitation intensified during this period due to the transfer of resources to
northern India. The main victims of this exploitative system are the locally converted Muslims and the
lower caste Hindus. The only goal of the Muslim rulers was to provide as much as possible. The size of
the immigrant Muslim ruling class was small. Moreover, the various factions of the ruling class do not
trust each other. As a result, Muslim rule in Bengal became an alliance of immigrant Muslims and upper
caste Hindus.

Border security with India

 Tista river conflict with India.
 Trade Agreement between India
 Defense Agreeme