PAPER OF

SYNTAX
NOUN PHRASE (PRONOUN, PRE MODIFICATION, POST
MODIFICATION)

By:
Ibnu Sina
Cindy Aprilianggi Kartini
Dianti Putri

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
ASAHAN UNIVERSITY OF
NORTH SUMATERA
KISARAN
2019
 PREFACE

First at all, give thanks for God’s love and grace for us. Thanks to God for
helping us and give us chance to finish this assighment timely. And I would like
to say thank you to Dian Anggraini, M. Hum as the lecturer that always teaches us
and give much knowledge about Syntax.
This assighment is the one of task that composes of Noun phrase
(Pronoun, pre modification, post modification). We realized this assighment is not
perfect. But We hope it can be useful for us. Critics and suggestion is needed here
to make this assighment be better.
Hopefully we as a student in “Teacher Training and Education
Department” can know more about Syntax. Thank you.

Kisaran, December 2019

Authors
 DISCUSSION
NOUN PHRASE (PRONOUN, PRE MODIFICATION, POST MODIFICATION)

1. The Understanding of Noun Phrase

Noun Phrase is a phrase (English phrase) combining noun (noun), pronoun (noun
pronoun), or number (functions as head) with one or more modifiers.
This English phrase is used when a single noun is not specific enough to refer to a
noun. This phrase can be divided into basic and complex noun phrases.
Example of Noun Phrase
You want to tell a friend that a woman who is in a crowd of people is your brother.
Then you can say:
The fair-skinned woman with a red shirt and black skirt is my sister.
(Wanita berkulit terang dengan kemeja merah dan rok hitam itu adalah saudara saya.)

Basic Noun Phrase

A basic noun phrase is a noun phrase consisting of a determiner (predeterminer,
central determiner, and / or post determiner) and head (noun, number, or adjective).
Determiners based on their position on other determiners can be divided into
predeterminers that precede other determiners, central determiners placed after pre with
or without post determiners thereafter, and post determiners placed after predeterminers
and / or central determiners. Predeterminer, central determiner, post determiner can
consist of the following matters.
Examples :
all the trees
predeterminer “distributive” all
central determiner “article” the
head “noun” trees
the first
central determiner “article” the
head “number” first
four times his salary
predeterminer “multiplier” four times
central determiner “possessive” his
head “noun” salary
the next page
central determiner “article” the
post determiner “number” next
head “number” page
the rich
central determiner “article” the
head “adjective” rich
little money
post determiner “quatifier” little
head “noun” money

Complex Noun Phrase

Definition of Complex Noun Phrase

Complex noun phrases are noun phrases composed by several components making this
phrase more complicated than basic noun phrases. Complex noun phrase components,
namely: pre-modifier, head, and post-modifier.

Components of the Noun Phrase Complex

Pre-modifier is a modifier that is placed before the head in the complex noun phrase.
This modifier can be used completely or not. Unlike the pre-modifier, post-modifier is a
modifier that is placed after the head in the complex noun phrase. Unlimited length. Pre-
modifier and post-modifier can consist of the following things.

Examples

a very small school in this country that was built in 1980

premodifier “determiner” a + “adverb” very + “adjective” small
head “noun” school
post-modifier “prepositional phrase” in this country + “relative clause” that was
build in 1980
something new to learn
head “pronoun” something
post-modifier “adjective” new + “infinitive” to learn
the first to finish the test
premodifier “determiner” the
head “number” first
post-modifier “infinitive phrase” to finish the test
students studying under the tree
head “noun” students
post-modifier “participial phrase” under the tree
The red sport car that I bought at the showroom that is located on Strawberry
street that…
premodifier “determiner” the + “adjective” red + “noun” sport
head “noun” car
post-modifier “relative clause” that I bought at the showroom…

2. The Understanding of Pronoun

A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun in a sentence. Pronouns are used to avoid
repeating the same nouns over and over again. For example, "Jeremy ran so fast, you'd
think his life was on the line." The pronoun "his" saved us from repeating the name
Jeremy again.
Common pronouns include I, me, mine, she, he, it, we, and us. In truth, there are
many different types of pronouns, each serving a different purpose, as follow:
Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns are used as a substitute for a person's name. There are two
kinds: subjective and objective pronouns. That is, they either act as the subject of the
sentence or the object of the sentence.
As the subject of a sentence, they are: I, you, we, they, he, she, it.
For example:
They went to the store.
I don't want to leave.
He runs a great shop in town.
You can't leave, either.
As the object of the sentence, they are: me, you, her, him, it, us, them
For example:
Please don't sit beside me.
Go talk to her.
Mary put the gift under it.
Don't look at them.

Possessive Pronouns
Possessive pronouns show ownership or possession of a noun. They are: my, our, your,
his, her, its, their.
For example:
Is that my book?
No, that's his book.
That's its shelf.
I'd like to see their bookshelves.
However, there are also independent possessive pronouns. These pronouns refer to a
previously named or understood noun. They stand alone and aren't followed by any
other noun. They are: mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs.
For example:
That's mine.
Wrong. It's ours.
So, I suppose those clothes are yours?
No, it's theirs.
Indefinite Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns don't point to particular nouns. We use them when an object
doesn't need to be specifically identified. As such, it can remain indefinite. They
include: few, everyone, all, some, anything, nobody
For example:
Most wealth is held by a select few.
Everyone is here already.
I don't have any paper napkins. Can you bring some?
He's nobody.

Relative Pronouns
Relative pronouns are used to connect a clause or phrase to a noun or pronoun. We
often see them when we need to add more information. They are: who, whom, which,
whoever, whomever, whichever, that.
For example:
The driver who ran the stop sign was careless.
I don't know which pair of shoes you want.
Take whichever ones you want.
No, not that one.

Intensive Pronouns
Intensive pronouns emphasize, or intensify, nouns and pronouns. Typically, we find
them right after the noun they're intensifying. These pronouns typically end in -self or
-selves. They are: myself, himself, herself, themselves, itself, yourself, yourselves,
ourselves.
For example:
I myself like to travel.
He himself is his worst critic.
She approved the marriage herself.
We went to hear W.B. Yeats himself speak.

Demonstrative Pronouns
 Demonstrative pronouns take the place of a noun that's already been mentioned.
They can be singular or plural. There are five of them. They include: these, those, this,
that, such.
For example:
These are ugly.
Those are lovely.
Don't drink this.
Such was his understanding.

Interrogative Pronouns
Interrogative pronouns do just what they say. They work in sentences that are
posing a question. They are: who, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever,
whatever.
For example:
Who is going to arrive first?
What are you bringing to the party?
Which of these do you like better?
Whatever do you mean?

Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive pronouns are similar to intensive pronouns. The difference between the
two is that intensive pronouns aren't essential to a sentence's meaning. Meanwhile,
reflexive pronouns are. Also, they're used when the subject and the object of a sentence
refer to the same person or thing. These pronouns end in -self or -selves. They are:
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.
For example:
I told myself not to spend all my money on new shoes.
You're going to have to drive yourself to the restaurant today.
We gave ourselves plenty of extra time.
They bought themselves a new car.