7/2/2020 Negative Skin Friction on Piles and Pile Groups - The Constructor

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Negative Skin Friction on Piles and Pile Groups

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What is negative skin friction on piles and pile group?

Negative skin friction is usually a downward shear drag acting on a pile or pile group because of downward movement of surrou
soil relative to the piles. This shear drag movements are anticipated to occur when a pile penetrates into compressible soil layer
can consolidate.

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It is reported that, A small relative movement between the soil and the pile of around 10 mm may be adequate for the full negativ
friction to materialize.

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7/2/2020 Negative Skin Friction on Piles and Pile Groups - The Constructor

Moreover, the time of ending the negative skin ction of piles is estimated to be around 2 years and the degree of consolidation o
soft soils reaches 90%.

Finally, this article presents di erent aspect of negative skin friction on piles and pile group.

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Factors that cause negative skin friction on piles and pile group
Newly placed ll material on compressible soil before the completion of consolidation.

If ll material is loose cohesionless soil

When ll material is deposited over layer of soft soil or peat.

Lowering groundwater which increases the e ective stress causing consolidation of soil with resultant settlement and friction forc
developed on the pile.

E ect of negative skin friction on piles and pile groups

Negative skin friction contributes to the uneven settlement of piles or pile group.

For piles in compressible soils where pile capacity is contributed by both point resistance and shaft adhesion, the problem of negat
friction should be considered a settlement problem.

In bearing piles where the settlement of the pile is negligible, negative skin friction becomes a pile capacity problem.

Negative skin friction in single pile

The negative skin friction in single piles can be computed using the following expressions:

Negative skin friction of piles in cohesive soil

Where:

: negative skin friction

: perimeter of the pile

: pile length in compressible soil as illustrated in Fig. 2.

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7/2/2020 Negative Skin Friction on Piles and Pile Groups - The Constructor

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: unit adhesion and can be computed using equation 2

Where:

: adhesion factor

: Undrain Cohesion of the compressible layer

Negative skin friction of piles in cohesion less Soils

Where:

K: lateral earth pressure coe cient

: unit weight of soil

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: angle of friction between pile and soil, which may vary from 1/2 to 2/3 .

Negative skin friction on pile groups

Negative skin friction in pile groups equal to the greater of equation 4 and equation 5:   

Where:

n:number of piles in the group

Pg: perimeter of the group

: unit weight of the soil within the pile group up to a depth  ✎ 

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7/2/2020 Negative Skin Friction on Piles and Pile Groups - The Constructor

Ag: area of pile group with in the perimeter Pg

Fig.1: Negative skin friction on piles and group pile

The e ect of negative skin friction on the factor of safety with respect to the ultimate l
capacity of a pile or a pile group
The in uence of negative skin friction on safety factor with respect to ultimate load carrying capacity of piles or pile group is
considered by introducing the factor of safety, so:

ultimate load capacity of a pile or a group of pile=(working load + negative skin friction load)( Factor of safety)

Where it is anticipated that negative skin friction would impose undesirable, large downward drag on a pile, it can be eliminated
providing a protective sleeve or a coating for the section which is surrounded by the settling soil as demonstrated in Fig.2.

Fig.2: pile sleeves used to decline negative skin friction

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7/2/2020 Negative Skin Friction on Piles and Pile Groups - The Constructor

Madeh Izat Hamakareem ✓

EDITOR

Madeh is a Structural Engineer who works as Assistant Lecturer in Koya University. He is the author, editor and partner at theconstructor.org.

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2 Comments

David Tay

Added a comment on October 10, 2014 at 2:38 pm

Bored piles don't create soil displacement therefore oversize shoe has no e ect on higher or reduction on NSF.

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Shamin Nadiah Ngadimin

Added a comment on September 28, 2012 at 9:19 am

I have a qs,
What if in case of bored pile subject to NSF of oversized pile shoe, how much higher or reduction can it go?

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