Li CONTENTS FOREWORD .. REVIEW COMMITTEE Review Committee Members: ee . PietevepeeenenedY Recommended Practice No. SNT-IC-1A Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing 1.0 Scope 20 Definitions... eee. : 3.0 Nondestructive Testing Methods 40 Levels of Qualification 5.0 Witten Practice ; icc 6.0 Education, Training, and Experience Requirements for Initial Qualification Table 6.3.1: Recommended initial Training and Experience Levels .. Table 6.3.18: Recommended Initial raining ond Experience Levels for NDT Level i Limited Certifications . 7.0 Training Programs 8.0 Examinations on : : Table 8.3.4: Minimum Number of Examination Questions 9.0 Certification cbc 10.0 Technical Performance Evaluation 11.0 Interupted Service . 12.0 Recertification 13.0 Termination : a 7 a — q ei 14.0 Reinstatement. as cee Sieteeee te teeeeee vette eevee eeeeeee dT | APPENDIXES, a e Appendix A: Example Questions Answers fo Example Questions weaiey Fi eee Appendix 8: NDT Practical Examination Checklist... Fe pooor ocean pees) SNT-IC-1A Interpretation Request Form .Recommended Practice Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing 1.0 Scope . 1.1 Itis recognized that the effectiveness of nondestructive testing (NDT) applications depends upon the capabilities ofthe personnel who are responsible for, and perform, NDT. This Recommended Practice has been prepared to establish guidelines for the qualification and certification of NDT Personnel whose specific jobs require appropriate knowledge of the technical principles underlying, the nondestructive tests they perform, witness, monitor, or evaluate, 1.2 This document provides guidelines forthe establishment of a qualification and certification program. 1.3. These guidelines have been developed by The American Society for Nondestructive ‘esting, Inc, to aid employers in recognizing the essential factors to be considered in qualifying personnel engaged in any of the NDT methods listed in Section 3, 144 Itis recognized that these guidelines may not be appropriate for certain employer's circumstances and/or applications. In developing a written practice as required in Section 5, the employer should review the detailed recommendations presented herein and modify them, as necessary, to meet particular needs. Such modification may alter but shall not eliminate basic provisions of the program such as training, experience, testing, and recertification. Supporting technical rationale for ‘modification of detailed recommendations should be provided in an Annex to the waitten practice. 20 Definitions 2.1 Terms included in this document are defined as follows: 2.1.1 Certification: written testimony of qualification 2.1.2 Certifying Authority: the person or persons properly designated in the written practice to sign certifications on behalf of the employer. 2.1.3 Certifying Agency: the employer of the personnel being certified, 2.14 Closed Book Examination: an examination administered without access to reference ‘material except for materials supplied with or in the examination (See 8.1.3) 2.1.5 Comparable: being at an equivalent or similar level of NDT responsibility and difficulty as determined by the employer's NDT Level II. 2.1.6 Documented: the condition of being in written form. 2.1.7, Employer: the corporate, private, or public entity, which employs personnel for wages, salary, fees, or other considerations, 2.1.8 Experience: work activities accomplished in a specific NDT method under the direction of qualified supervision including the performance of the NDT method and related activities ‘but not including time spent in organized training programs. 2.1.9 Grading Unit: A Qualification Specimen can be divided into sections called grading units, Which do not have to be equal length or be equally spaced. Grading units are unflawed or faved and the percentage of faywed/unflawed grading units required should be approved by the NDT Level I. 2.1.10 Limited Certification: nondestructive test methods may be further subdivided into limited disciplines or techniques to meet specific employer’s needs; these are NDT Level Il cattifications, but to a limited scope. f 2.1.11 Nondestructive Testing: a process that involves the inspection, testing, or evaluation of ‘materials, components, and assemblies for materials’ discontinuities, properties, and machine problems without further impairing or destroying the parts serviceability. ‘Throughout this document the term NDT applies equally to the NDT inspection methods used for material inspection, law detection, or predictive meintenance (PaM) applications.BYR PM coe danced 2.112, Outside Agency: a company or individual who provides NDT Level III services and whose qualifications to provide these services have been reviewed by the employer engaging the company or individual 2.1.13. Qualification: demonstrated skill, demonstrated knowledge, documented training, and documented experience required for personnel to properly perform the duties of a specific job, 2.1.14 Recommended Practice: a set of guidelines to assist the employer in developing uniform procedures for the qualification and certification of NDT personnel to satisfy the employer's specific requirements 2.1.15 Technique: a category within an NDT method; for example, ultrasonic thickness testing, 211.16. Training: an organized program developed to impart the knowledge and skills necessary for qualification. 2.1.17 Written Practice: a written procedure developed by the employer that details the requirements for qualification and certification of their employees. 3.0 Nondestructive Testing Methods 3.1. Qualification and certification of NDT personnel in accordance with this Recommended Practice is applicable to.each of the following methods: Acoustic Emission Testing Electromagnetic Testing Ground Penetrating Radar Guided Wave Testing Laser Testing Methods Leak Testing Liquid Penetrant Testing ‘Magnetic Flux Leakage ‘Magnetic Particle Testing Microwave Technology Neutron Radiography Testing | Radiographic Testing ‘Thermal/Infrared Testing Ultrasonic Testing Vibration Analysis Visual Testing 4.0 Levels of Qualification 4.1 There are three basic levels of qualification. The employer may subdivide these levels for situations where additional levels are deemed necessary for specific skills and responsibilities, 42 While in the process of being initially trained, qualified, and certified, an individual should be considered a trainee. A trainee should work wit a certified individual, The trainee should not independently conduct, interpret, evaluate, or report the results of any NDT test 43 The recommended technical knowledge and skill sets for the three basic levels of qualification are as follows: 43.1 NDT Level L An NDT Level [individual should have sufficient technical knowledge and skills o be qualified to properly perform specific calibrations, specific NDT, and specific evaluations for acceptance or rejection determinations according to writen instructions and to record results, The NDT Level I should receive the necessary instruction and supervision from a cettified NDT Level Il or IH individual 432 NDT Level IL An NDT Level Il individual should have sufficient technical knowledge and skis to be qualified to set up and calibrate equipment and to interpret and evaluate results with respect to applicable codes, standards, and specifications, The NDT Level It should be thoroughly familiar with the scope and limitations of the methods for which qualified and should exercise assigned responsibility for on-the-job training and guidance of trainees and NDT Level I personnel. The NDT Level II should be ablefo organize and report the results Of NDT tests v 5 433. NDT Level IIL An NDT Level I individual should have snfficient technical knowledge and skills to be capable of developing; qualifying, and approving procedures, establishing and approving techniques, interpreting codes, standards, specifications, and procedures; and designating the particular NDT methods, techniques, and procedures to be used. TheNDT Level IT should be responsible for the NDT operations for which qualified and assigned and should be capable of interpreting and evaluating results in terms of existing codes, standards, and specifications. The NDT Level III should have sufficient practical background in applicable materials, fabrication, and product technology to establish techniques and to assist in establishing acceptance criteria when none are otherwise available. The NDT Level III should have general familiarity with other appropriate NDT methods, as demonstrated by an ASNT Level III Basic examination or otter means. The NDT Level Ill in the methods in which certified, should have sufficient technical knowledge and skills to be capable of training and examining NDT Level I, 1, and Til personnel for certification in those methods. 5.0 Written Practice 5.1 The employer shall establish a written practice for the control and administration of NDT personnel training, examination, and certification. 5.2 The employer's written practice should describe the responsibilty of each level of certification for determining the acceptability of materials or components in accordance with the applicablé codes, standards, specifications, and procedures. 5.3. The employer's written practice should describe the training, experience, and examination requirements for each level of cettification by method and technique, as applicable. 54 The employer's written practice should identify the test techniques within each test method applicable to its scope of operations. 55 The employer's written practice shall be reviewed and approved by the employer's NDT Level I. 5.6 The employer's written practice shall be maintained on fll. 7 60 Education, Training, and Experience Requirements for Initial Qualification 6.1 Candidates for certification in NDT should have sufficient education, traning, and experience to censure qualification in those NDT methods in which they are being considered for certification. Documentation of prior certification may be used by an employer as evidence of qualification for comparable levels of certification. 62 Documented training and/or experience gained in positions and activities comparable to those of * Levels I, I, and/or III prior to establishment of the employer's written practice may be considered in satisfying the criteria of Section 6.3. 63. Tobe considered for certification, a candidate should satisfy one of the following criteria for the applicable NDT level: 63.1 NDT Levels and It Table 6.3.1 A lists the recommended training and experience hours to be considered by the employer in establishing written practices for initial qualification of NDT Level I and Level Il individuals. “Table 6.3.1 B lists initial training and expérience hours, which may be considered by the ‘employer for specific limited applications as defined in the employer's written practice Limited certifications should apply to individuals who do not meet the full training and experience of Table 6.3.1 A. Limited certifications issued in any method should be approved by the NDT Level II and documented in the cérification records. 632 NDT Level il 632.1 Have a baccalaureate degree (or higher) in engineering or science, plus one additional year of experience beyond the Level Il requirements in NDT in an assignment comparable to that of an NDT Level II in the applicable NDT method(s), oF: 6322 Have completed with passing grades at least two years of engineering or science study at a university, college, or technical school, plus two addtional years of experience beyond the NDT Level II requirements in NDT in an assignment at least comparable to that of NDT Level ITin the applicable NDT method{s), or: 632.3 Have four years of experience beyond the NDT Level II requirements in NDT in an assignment at least comparable to that of an NDT Level I in the applicable NDT method(s). ‘The above NDT Level III requirements may be partially replaced by experience as a certified NDT Level II or by assignments at least comparable to NDT Level Il as defined in the employer's written practice.1016 | RECOMMENDED PRACTICE Table 6.3.1A: Recommended Initial Training and Experience Levels r [—_—“Eipariones | Examination Metiod | NOT] ecnnigue | Tita |—mraimamoure | Total oars in Method or Technigue | sn NDT 5 r a 210 "a0 ‘eoustie Emission | —T a = — 1] Re Fels ri 210 —i0 | Measurement _[ a0 a0 00 1 a0 210 [100 a7 Eddy Curent 40 630 [__4200 1 40, 210 t 400. w bite) 40 | 630 17200 Ground Penetrating v 8 60 (120 Recar i 20 20 [200 mane 40. 240 [460 Sula ane 40 ~ 240, T 460, 3 73 [20 Laser Methods: Freee EA ae EI Fiography [a 210 200 I] shearegraphy_[ 40 20 7200 T 2. Ei (15 TF puvale Testing -—2 7 e 1} Pressure 705 200 TT] ‘change 16. 20 530 Leak Testing + ose a i i jogen Fi os 280, 330] 1] Wass 20 383 | sa0 1] Spettometer_[ ae 223 [a0 iF " 1 4 70 | 430 | cere eee T e 140 270. | i 16 70 430 Magnetic Fux Leekage | —1— 7" ae 190 i a 73 720 Magnetic Particle 7 ‘ ao: iso | Lt 40 210. 400° | | mitowave Technotgy | — [4 a aa i 28 220 200 Neutron Radiography |] 20 1860 2400 T 20 210 200 a} _ Rattiographic 40, 630 4200 | [11campiied [a0 210 200 ‘ Radiography [40 630 1200 Radiographic Testing [1 _Rasiowran ea 1200 TT ]_Tomograph 0 7200 | 1 Dial 210 400 T]_ Radiograph 330, ‘200 1 . 210 200 Balding | pees [| 1260 1800 “Thermal nfared Diagnosis. 1 Sietat ans a4 1280 7800 Wits Tesing | 34 0 “| 7800 a0 210 —a00 20 530 200 Utrasonie Testing Tins oT Fight 7 w | Tmgofetaht | a0 160 : [Phased ray [80 Tie wa 1 2 220 0. Vibration Analysis | 1 a ie — a0. 1 {8 70, 130. ene lee il 7 46 140 270 (Mabe 63.14 notes see next page)‘Table 6.3.1A Notes: Bt Not be quoliod directo NDT Lavell vith no ie os © ceed NDT Level rovlng the recommended Meets sroeonce coniss of he sum of fhe hours recommended for NDT Levelland Level 2 eae eee ei cancaton. the exporence should cores ofthe sum ofthe Pous for NDT Levelland Levelt pl Toa eee as naa 0s enpeable. The forma fring shoud const! ol the NDT Level lond Levelt ain. Thos any easttona formal ring as defined in the employes wien practice. I 10 a ei oa sy be cust os described hr he employes witlen proctice depencing the candidate's camel cducgton evel 6-5, grotvmar school, college graduate i enghneesing, etc. i 10. subg shoud! be auld in the employers wien procice. Magaetc Pace tring hour: may be courted Heer iarelis Fux Leakage ening haus os defined in employer's wilen proce, | oe eae cocnty cerifad fan EY fechnique ond 2 ful course format wos vse to meet the io er poten Pel fochogve. the mir tang hous ¥o qual in cnothe El techique ot he sere NOT Level Seat a rscec up 0 pacer fo dethad n the employes wien proetcn fan indhiauat cai ncn ae tthe misirum experence to quay fr anor ET fachrique atthe scm lve arf he nex level ay bo | Teduced by vp fo 50 percent 0 defned in he employer's witten practice, | FO erase lei NOT experience requirement exariance May be Gained mn mare fhon one (1) method, howevet, the minzmumn hous must bs met for each metnod. 1 eerehals curenly cortied'n a Radiographic Teiing lechriue ond afl couse format wos ved fo meet Tone etter he techriguo, he rirkmum adeondl raining hour te qual n another techricue ot he Tae aoe os 2a hours fof which eas 16 hour should be equipment fomztion}. Te faring outing Fane Gonned inthe employer swtien practice. f on individuals cerfioa na techriaue, the minimum, 2eSfinaleperonce ied To cul fr coerfechique athe some level may bereduced byypios® | percent os defined nthe employer's witen proce. 20 Pee eatgentot ne toring recommended fer Level ond Level ceiicotion, anaes requted fo receive Fcioton satetyiaring as required by the regulatory ut 2 eee aval Garenly carted in one ThermaVevrared technique ano full couse format was used fomect the aoe aes cron: ine! Yectrigue ine minimum oaationa cing hous lo usin anciner technique ot he oe should bo 29 nour [ot which ol leat 16 hous shoul be specic technique fomilaizafer. The raining | aaa ee ea ca detned hn the empoyers wien grocice on inckdualb cerified no technigue, the cen eecthanal expaance fecured 19 aly for another technique at the some Jovel may be reduces by UP {5D percent os dined inthe employers writen procice. 100 Tie ot Fight Oitraction and Phased Aray require Ultrasonic Testing Level certification os prerequiste. | Table 6.3.18: Recommended Initial Training and Experience Levels for NDT Level I! Limited Certifications 1 Examination Limited Technictan's Format | Minimum Work Experience in ‘Method Certification Starting Point | Training ‘Method (Hours) Flim Interpretation | Non-Radiographer 40 220° Radiographic Fira Interpretation RT Level 24 220! Digital Thickness Measurement Trainee 8 40 trasonio | {"umecoutout ony) ‘A-scan Thickness oe renere Trainee 24 175 11~ Should inelude a review of 1000 radiographs. }Poon ent 790 80 ICE ‘Training Programs 7.1 Personnel being considered for initial certification should complete sufficient organized training. ‘The organized training may include instructor-led training, personalized Instruction, virtual instructor-led training, computer-based training, or web-based training. Computer-based training and web-based training should track hours and content of training with student examinations in accordance with 7.2. The sufficiently organized training shall be such as to ensure the student is thoroughly familiar with the principles and practices ofthe specifled NDT method related to the level of certification desired, and applicable to the processes to be used and the products tobe tested. All ‘raining programs should be approved by the NDT Level II responsible forthe applicable method. 7.2 The training program should include sufficient examinations to ensure understanding of the necessary information. 7.3 Recommended training course outlines and references for NDT Levels I, Il and 1H personnel, ‘which may be used as technical source material, are contained in ANSI/ASNT CP-105: ASNT Standard Topical Outlines for Qualification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel. 7.4 ‘The employer who purchases outside training services is responsible for assuring that such services rect the requirements of the employer's written practice. Examinations tration and Grading 8.1.1 All qualification examination questions should be approved by the NDT Level If responsible for the applicable method. 8.12 AnNDT Level Il should be responsible forthe administration and grading of examinations specified in Section 8.3 through 8.8 for NDT Level, I, or other Level II personnel. The administration and grading of examinations may be delegated to a qualified representative of the NDT Level Ill and so recorded. A qualified representative ofthe employer may perform the actual administration and grading of NDT Level Il examinations specified in 87. 8.1.2.1 Tobe designated as a qualified representative of the NDT Level II for the administration and grading of NDT Level I and Level If personnel qualification ‘examinations, the designee should have documented, appropriate instruction by the NDT Level II in the proper administration and grading of qualification examinations prior to conducting and grading independent qualification examinations for NDT ppetsonnel. Additionally, the practical exam should be administered by a person certified in the applicable NDT method as NDT Level Il or I 8.1.3 _AINDT Level I and Il written examinations should be closed-book except that necessary data, such as graphs, tables, specifications, procedures, codes, etc, may be provided with or in ‘the examination. Questions utilizing such reference materials should require an understanding ‘of the information sather than merely locating the appropriate answer. 8.14 For NDT Level { and II personnel, a composite grade should be determined by simple averaging ofthe results ofthe general, specific, and practical examinations described below. For NDT Level III personnel, the composite grade should be determined by simple, averaging ofthe results ofthe basie, method, and specific examinations described below. 8.15 Examinations administered by the employer for qualification should result in a passing composite grade of at least 80 percent, with no individual examination having a passing grade Jess than 70 percent. 8.16 When an examination is administered and graded for the employer by an outside agency and the outside agency issues grades of pass or fail only, on a certified report, then the employer may accept the pass grade as 80 percent for that particular examination. 8.1.7. The employer who purchases outside services is responsible for ensuring that the examination services meet the requirements of the employer's written practice. 8.1.8 Inno case shall an examination be administered by one’s self or by a subordinate. 82 Vision Examinations 82.1. Near-Vision Acuity. The examination should ensure natural or corrected near-distance acuity inat least one eye such that the applicant is capable of reading a minimum of Jaeger Number 2 or equivalenttype and size letter atthe distance designated on the chart but not less than 12 i, (0.3 cm) ona standard Jaeger test chart. The ability to perckive an Ortho-Rater minimum of 8 or similar test pattem is also acceptable This should be administered annually. 82.2 Color Contrast Differentiation. The examination should demonstrate the capability of distinguishing and differentiating contrast among colors or shades of gray used in the ‘method as determined by the employer. This should be conducted upon initial certification and at five-year intervals thereafter. 823 Vision examinations expire on the last day of the month of expiration,83 General (Written —for NDT Levels Land Il) 83.1. The general examinations should address the basic principles ofthe applicable method. 832 _Inpreparing the examinations the NDT Level III should select or devise appropriate questions covering the applicable method to the degre required by the employer's writen practice 83.3 See Appendix A for example questions. \ 8334 The minimum number of questions that shouldbe given is shown in Table 8.34. Table 8.3.4: Minimum Number of Examination Questions General Specific ] 7 Level! | Levellt | Level! | Level ‘Acoustic Emission 40 40 20 | 0 Electromagnetic Testing | Eédy Current ~ 40 40 2 20 tae ee aerate a ee aalven ee =e i 7m me an ‘Absolute Pressure Leak Tast (Pressure Change) Halogen Diode Leak Test Mass Spectrometer Leak Test Magnetic Flux Leakage ‘Magnetic Particle Testing Microwave Technology Neutron Regiogrephy Testing Penetrant Testing Radiographic Testing: Radiography Testing Radiographic Film interpretation — Non-Radiographer Radiographic Fm interpretation - Radiographer (Cortfied RT NDT Level) Computed Radiography Testing 40 20 20 Computed Temagraphy Testing 40 2 20 Digital Rasiograptiy Testing 0 2, 20 ‘Thermalintrared Testing 0 20 Building Diagnostic Testing _ i= 50) 40 Electrical and Mechanical Testing Ey 40 Materials Testing 0 0 ue 40 40 20 20 “Timo of Fight Oifraction 30 Phased Array 30 Digital Thickness Measurement 6 0 (Numeric output only) ‘A-Scan Thickness Messurement 30 16 Vibration Analysis 40 0 2 0 Visual Testing [40 40 20 2 |MN co dane a4 85 86 835 Avalid ACCP Level Il or ASNTNDT Level Il certificate may be arcoptal as failing the {general eximination criteria for each applicable method ifthe NDT Level Hl fas determined that the ASNT examinations meet the requirements of the employer's writien praciioe. Specific (Written - for NDT Levels I and ID, 841 ‘The specific examination should address the equipment, operaiing procedures, and NDT techniques that the individual may encounter during specific assigamenis io the degree required by the employer's written practice. 8.42 The specific examination should also cover the specifications or ondes and acceptance criteria used in the employer's NDT procedures. 8.43. The minimum number of questions that should be given is shown in Table 83. 844 Avalid ACCP Level lor ASNT NDT Level I certificate may be accepted as filing the specific examination criteria for each applicable method ifthe NDT Level TI has determined that the ASNT examinations meet the requirements of the employer's writen practice. Practical (for NDT Level T and It) 8.5.1 ‘The candidate should demonstrate familiarity with and ability 10 operate the necessary NDT equipment, record, and analyze the resultant information to the degree required. 8.5.2 Atleast one flawed specimen or component should be tested and the results ofthe NI analyzed by the candidate 85.2.1 Phased Array and Time of Flight Diffraction Practical Examination. Flawed samples used for practical examinations should be representative of the ‘components and/or configurations that the candidates would be testing under this endorsement and approved by the NDT Level II. 2 For Film Interpretation Limited Certification, the practical examination should consist of review and grading of at least 20 images. 85.3 The description of the specimen, the NDT procedure, including checkpoints, and the results of the examination should be documented. 854 NDT Level I Practical Examination, Proficiency should be demonstrated in performing the applicable NDT technique on one or more specimens or machine problems approved by the NDT Level II and in evaluating the results to the degree of responsibility as described in the employer's written practice. At least ten (10) different checkpoints requiring an understanding of test variables and the employer's procedural requirements should be included in this practical examination. The candidate should detect all discontinuities and conditions specified by the NDT Level Il 85. "Note: While s normal to score the practical ona percentile bass, practical examinations should contain checkpoints that flare to successfully complete will result in faiture of the examination, 855 NDT Level Il Practical Examination. Proficiency should be demonstrated in selecting and performing the applicable NDT technique within the method and interpreting and evaluating the results on one or more specimens or machine problems approved by the NDT Level IIL At least ten (10) diferent checkpoints requiring an understanding of NDT variables and the employer's procedural requirements should be inclided in this practical examination. The candidate should detect all discontinuities and conditions specified by the NDT Level IIL. An example of a practical examination checklist is attached as Appendix Bio this Recommended Practice. The example checklist has been provided as guidance on development of practical examinations for any method or evel. Note: While it is normal to score the practical on a percentile basis, practical examinations should contain checkpoints tha failure to successfully complete will result in failure of the examination. 85.6 Avalid ACCP Level II certificate may be accepted as fulfilling the practical examination criteria for each applicable method if the NDT Level III has determined that the ASNT ‘examinations meet the requirements of the employer's written practice. ‘Sample questions for general examinations are presented in the separate question booklets that can be obtained from ASNT International Service Center. These questions are intended as examples only and should not be used verbatim for qualification examinations, The following ASNT Questions & Answers Books are available from ASNTT International Service Center:a Test Method ‘Question Booklets ‘Acoustic Emission Testing s Electromagnetic Testing E 1. Alternating Current Field Measurement EA 2. Eddy Current ES 3, Remote Field Testing ER Ground Penetrating Radar cP Guided Wave Testing cw" Laser Testing 1. Profllometry Le 2. Holography/Shearography ur Leak Testing 1. Bubble Test HB 2, Pressure Change Measurement HP 3 Halogen Diode Leak Test HH 4, Mass Spectrometer Test HM Liquid Penetrant Testing D Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing MF* ‘Magnetic Particle Testing B Microwave Technology Mw ‘Neutron Radiography Testing F Radiographic Testing . | 4, Radiographic Testing A 2. Computed Radiography Testing AN 3, Computed Tomography Testing ABT 4, Digital Radiography Testing ACT ‘Thermal/infrared Testing v Untrasonic Testing c Vibration Analysis K Visual Testing f “in couse of reparation 8.7 NDT/PAM Level III Examinations 87.1 Basic Examinations 87.1.1 NDT Basic Examination (need not be retaken to add another test method as long _| as the candidate holds a current Level III certificate or certification). The | minimum number of questions that should be given is as follows: 87.1.1 Fifteen (15) questions relating to understanding the SNT-TC-1A document 87.1.2 Twenty (20) questions relating to applicable materials fabrication, and product technology. 8.7.1.3 Twenty (20) questions that are similar to published NDT Level II questions for other appropriate NDT methods 87.12 PaM Basic Examination (need not be retaken to add another test method as long as the candidate holds a current Level III certificate or certification). The ‘minimam number of questions that should be given is es follows: 8.7.1.1 Fifteen (15) questions relating to understanding the SNT-TC-1A document, 87.1.22 Twenty (20) questions relating to applicable machinery technology. 87.1.2.3 Thirty (30) questions that are similar to published NDT Level If questions for other appropriate PAM methods. iENR Men haces 87.2 Method Examination (for each method). 8.7.2.1 Thirty (30) questions relating to fundamentals and principles that are similar to published ASNT NDT Level III questions for each method, and 7.2.2. Fifieen (15) questions relating to application and establishment of techniques and procedures that are similar to the published ASNT NDT Level III questions for each method, and 87.2.3 Twenty (20) questions relating to capability for interpreting codes, standards, and specifications relating to the method. 87.3. Specific Examination (for each method) 8.7.3.1 Twenty (20) questions relating to specifications, equipment, techniques, and procedures applicable to the employer's product(s) and methods employed and to the administration of the employer's written practice. 2. ‘The employer may delete the specific examination ifthe candidate has a valid ASNT NDT Level III or ACCP Professional Level Ill certificate in the method and if documented evidence of experience exists, including the preparation of NDT. procedures to codes, standards, or specifications and the evaluation of test results. 8.74 A valid endorsement on an ASN' NDT Level III certificate fullls the examination criteria, described in 8.7.1 and 87.2 for each applicable NDT method. 87.5 Avalid endorsement of an ACCP Professional Level Hf certificate fulfils the examination criteria described in 8.7.1 and 8.7.2 for each applicable NDT method. 8.8 Reexamination 8.8.1 Those failing to attain the required grades should wait at least thirty (30) days or receive suitable additional training as determined by the NDT Level III before reexamination. 9.0 Certification | 9.1 Certification of NDT personnel to all levels of qualification isthe responsibility of the employer. 9.2 Certification of NDT personnel should be based on demonstration of satisfactory qualification in accordance with Sections 6, 7, and 8, as described in the employer's written practice. 9.3 Atthe option of the employer, an outside agency may be engaged to provide NDT Level Iil services. In | such instances, the responsibilty of certification of the employees shall be retained by the employer. 9.4 Personnel certification records should be maintained on file by the employer for the duration specified in the employer’s written practice and should include the following: ‘Name of certified individual, Level of certification, NDT method and/or technique, as applicable. Educational background and experience of certified individuals Statement indicating satisfactory completion of training in accordance with the employer's ‘written practice. 9.4.5 Results ofthe vision examinations prescribed in 8.2 for the current certification perio. 9.4.6. Current examination copy(ies) or evidence of successful completion of examinations, 9.4.7 Other suitable evidence of satisfactory qualifications when such qualifications are used in lien of \ the specific examination prescribed in 8.732 or as prescribed inthe employer's written practice. 9.48 Composite grade(s) or suitable evidence of grades, 9.4.9 Signature of the NDT Level II that verified qualifications of candidate for certification. \ 9.4.10 Dates of certification and/or recertification, 9.4.11 Certification expiration date 9.4.12 Signature of employer’ certifying authority 10100 Technical Performance Evaluation 10.1 NDT personnel may be reexamined any time at the discretion of the employer and have their certificates extended or revoked. 102 Periodically, a defined in the employer's written practice, NDT Level I and II personnel should be reevaluated by the NDT Level III administering a practical examination. The practical examination should follow the format and guidelines described in section 110 Interrupted Service 111 The employer's written practice should include rules covering the types and duration of| interrupted service that requires reexamination and recertification, 112 The written practice should specify the requirements for reexamination and/or recertification for the interrupted service. 120 Recertification 12,1 Alllevels of NDT personnel shall be recertified periodically in accordance with one of the following criteria: 12.11 Evidence of continuing satisfactory technical performance. 12.12. Reexamination in those portions of the examinations in Section 8 deemed necessary by the employer's NDT Level II. 122 The recommended maximum recertification intervals are 5 years forall certification levels. Certifications expire on the last day of the month of expiration. 123 When new techniques are added to the employer's written practice, NDT Level Ill personnel should receive applicable training, take applicable examinations and obtain the necessary experience, such that the NDT Level III meets the requirements of the new techniques in ‘Table 63.1 A, prior to their next recertification date, in the applicable method. 130 Termination 131 The employer's certification shall be deemed revoked when employment is terminated. 132 An NDT Level Level Il, or Level II whose certification has been terminated may be certified to the former NDT level by a new employer based on examination, as described in Section 8, provided all ofthe following conditions are met to the new employer's satisfaction: 132.1 ‘The employee has proof of prior certification. 2.2 ‘The employee was working in the capacity to which certified within six (6) months of termination. 1323. The employee is being recertified within six (6) months of termination, 1324 Prior to being examined for certification, employees not meeting the above requirements should receive additional training as deemed appropriate by the NDT Level II 140 Reinstatement 141 An NDF Level I, Level Il, or Level II whose certification has been terminated may be reinstated to the former NDT level, without a new examination, provided all ofthe following conditions are m 14.1.1 The employer has maintained the personnel certification records required in section 9.4. 14.12 The employee's certification did not expire during termination, 14.13 The employee is being reinstated within six (6) months of termination. "Appendix A: Example Questions “The purpose ofthis appendix is to provide a guideline for the preparation of the General, Level I and Level II written exami nations. Extensive examples of representative questions for degree of difficulty, type, etc. are provided in separate question booklets, which can be obtained from the ASNT International Service Center. These questions are intended as examples only and should not be used verbatim for qualification examinations. Note: All questions and answers should be referenced to a recognized source, Acoustic Emission Testing Level! 1 A qualitative description of the sustained signal level produced by rapidly accurring acoustic emission events is the accepted definition for: burst emission. acoustic emission signature, acoustic emission signal. continuous emission, [Attenuation of a wave is best defined by which statement? ‘A decrease in frequency with distance traveled. ‘A decrease in amplitude with distance traveled, {A decrease in wave speed with distance traveled. ‘A change in dizection as a function of time. ‘The number of times the acoustic emission signal exceeds a preset threshold during any selected portion of a testis called the acoustic emission response count count rate energy Levelt 1 x ‘When detecting impulsive acoustic emission signals cn large objects the peak ofthe signals normally decreases with increasing distance from the source. ‘This alteration, dependent on distance, cannot be explained by: a, absorption: the elastic pulse gradually converts into heat b. dispersion: the pulse gradually spreads out in time because the different waves involved travel with different velocities. c. the geometric factors the energy in the pulse is distributed into ever-larger volumes. 4. density: the more dense (hard) the material, the harder itis to move sound through the object. ‘Which of the following factors will tend to produce Jow-amplitude acoustic emission response during a tensile test? a. Low temperature. D. High strain rate Plastic deformation, d, Crack propagation. ‘The kaiser effects: a. valid only when testing composites. 'b. aphysical law of nature that is never violated. not applicable when an rms recording is being made 4. the absence of detectable acoustic emission until previously applied stress levels are exceeded. 13SNT-TC-1A-2016 | APPENDIXES Electromagnetic Testing Alternating Curent Field Measurement Technique level | 1. Whatis the mediuin between an alternating current field measurement technique (ACEM) probe and a metal surface when operating in air? a, An electric current b. Air, Magnetic field . Couplant, For which of the following inspection requirements could you NOT normally use ACFM for defect, detection? 4. Fatigue cracks in welded joints of high strength steel .. Subsurface cracks in welded joints of mild steel, ©. Inspection for cracks in a weld of high strength steel under paint coating i. Surface fatigue in mild steel welds, 3. A fatigue crack perpendicular tothe induced current will cause the induced current to: disperse from the central area of the crack and concentrate around the ends. b. disperse from the ends ofthe crack and concentrate in the central area stop flowing in the part 4._ increase in velocity. level 1. During an ACFM weld inspection, the measurement of crack depth is NOT dependent on: 4. the frequency of the inspection. b. the length of the crack the depth of penetration of the alternating current field. 4. contact with the part “4 ‘What effect would you expect if the coils in an ACEM probe were smaller and closer together? No effect, Improved detection of smaller defects ¢. Improved sizing on larger defects, Improved signal-to-noise ratio, ‘The Bx magnetic field can best be described as parallel to the plate surface and perpendicular to the current flow. Perpendicular-to the weld. Parallel tothe plate surface and parallel to the current flow. 4. perpendicular to the plate surface and parallel to the current flow. Eddy Current level! L ‘The impedance of an eddy current test coil will increase ifthe: b a test frequency increases, inductive reactance of the coil decreases. inductance of the coil decreases, resistance of the coil decreases. Which of the following test frequencies would produce eddy currents with the largest depth of penetration? b, 4 100 Hz 10 kHz 1 MHz 10 Metz ‘To generate measurable eddy currents in a test specimen, the specimen must be: a conductor an insulator. either a conductor or an insulator a ferromagnetic materialLevel It 1. The fill factor when a 1.26 cm (0.5 in) diameter bar is inserted in a 2.54 cm (1 in.) diameter coil is: a. 0.5 (50 percent). b. 0.75 (75 percent). 1.0 (100 percent) 4. 0.25 (25 percent) 2. If the characteristic frequency (fg) of a material is 125 Hy, the test frequency required to give an f/fg ratio of 10 would be: a. 125Ha b. 12.5 Hz 125 KH d. 125 kHe 3. Forage-hardened aluminum and titanium alloys, changes in hardness are indicated by changes in: retentivity permeability conductivity. ‘magnetostriction, aoge Remote Field Testing Level | 1, The dominant electromagnetic energy distribution process in remote field testing (RET) is said to be: a. eflected impedance. b. through-transmission. piezoelectric energy conversion. 4d. magnetic motive force Ina properly designed RET probe, the detector coil is, positioned in the: a. direct field zone. . transition zone, ¢. remote field zone, 4. junction between remote field zone and ‘transition zone. ‘The zone next to the near zone is called the: transition zone, normal zone. near field extension zone. remote field zone, peop Level It L v In the remote field zone with distance, the magnetic fleld distribution decays: a. linearly. . exponentially logarithmically 4. and then increases with distance ‘The exciter and the receiver collcolls in a remote field probe are separated by a distance greater than the tube diameter. a. twice . three times c onetime d. four times Frequencies selected for RFT inspection are: higher than used in eddy curent lower than used in eddy current. carefully selected and must never be changed during an inspection. higher than used in ultrasonic testing. oge 5Wand Ground Penetrating Radar Level | 1 The most common form of ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurement is: a. using single transceiver device similar to equipment used in shear wave ultrasonic testing, 1b. by deploying a transmitter and a receiver in fixed geometry over the surface ‘¢. microwave propagation through a constent time vector. 4. inspection for landmines. ‘What are the key wave field properties for GPR? a. Time, distance, and velocity. . Reflection, refraction, and direction of travel ¢, Velocity, attenuation, and EM impedance. Antenna size, shape, and angle of incidence. Blectromagnetic waves separate into two independent components. What are they? a, Transverse electric field and transverse magnetic field. b. Resolution zone and refraction zone. . High impedance and low impedance 4. Focused energy and attenuation level It 1 16 "The ratio of the largest receivable signal and the ‘minimal detectable signal is called the: a system detection factor. b. peak performance ratio, © dynamic range 4. maximum depth of detection. ‘What is gating? ‘a. A method of expanding the depth of penetration by viewing only a portion of the total signal . The ability to control the shape of the transmitted signal cA method of reducing the signal bandwidth. Timing the transmit and receiver signals to avoid detrimental effects from strong signals, Why is dewowing importan:? a. Itactsasa biomoniior. b, Ithelps to produce a sible image of unstable soils «. Itallows postive and negative color filing to be used in the recorded trace. 4, It is generally used to improve section resolution and create more spatial realistics. Guided Wave Testing Level | ‘The velocity of guided waves depends on all of the following except: a. the material properties. b. the boundary conditions of the component or part ¢* the dimensions of the component or part. i. the dimension of the transducer. Which ofthe following isa propagating guided wave mode in pipe? a. Bulk compression wave. Bulk shear wave. c. Torsion wave. 4, allof the above. Guided wave testing (GW) of long lengths of pipe: a. is used to measure remaining wall thickness. 'b. can determine the change in pipe wall cross section. = is used fo measure the exact length of any wall lass. 4. can determine the exact geometry of any(re De Level It 2, 1 Which factor can most affect the sensitivity attainable by a pressure bubble leak test? How are guided wave testing results typically calibrated? . 4, Using a target reflector (flat-bottomed hole) « machined in a calibration pipe of the same d diameter and thickness. . Calibration is not required for GW. 3. ¢. Using an assumed amplitude and known Operator alertness and technique Size and shape of the test specimen, ‘Time of day testing is performed. ‘Number of test technicians What does the abbreviation psia stand for? a. Pressure referred to National Institute of reflectors such as welds, a Standards and Technology’ absolute pressure, 4. Three wg a ee Pressure standard in absofte nits 2. The dispersion curves for guided waves in tel pipes di. Pounds per square inch absolute. are MOST influenced by Levelt a. changes tothe boundary conditions. B. changes to the material properties of sel el temperature changes the sizeof the bubble formation when using the al high pressure gas products. bubble test method? 8 Careers a. Method of application of babble solstion, 3, Ambient temperature and barometric presse. 2 Longitudional waves. Amount oflekage from «defect o leak b, Rexural waves &. Size of the test specimen. € Love waves, schote waves. 2+ | When a yacoum gage s marked with x ange of0-90 withthe notation “vactum” onthe fic, the units of measurement are eak Testin 2 inches of mercury : 9 b. pounds per equare inch. ¢ Gentimeters of vacuum, Bubble Leak Testing ee 3, Thetype ofleaks that are most Iikely to go level! 1 undetected during a bubble leak test are: Before performing a vacuum box leak test, which of the following should be checked for required calibration? b. rt Leak-detector solution. Evacuation device or equipment. Lighting equipment. Pressure (or vacuum) gage. very small leaks and very large leaks. leaks occurring at welded joints. comer-configuration joins. leaks occurring at fittings.Bs Halogen Diode Detector level! 1. Good operating practice dictates thatthe period of time to allow for warm up of the halogen diode detector prior to calibrating is: a. 30 minutes. b. 15 minutes. © Lhow. recommended by the manufacturer. 2. - While adjusting a reservoir-type variable halogen standard leak, the operator accidentally vents the gas from the only standard leak available. Which of the following actions would quickly resolve the problem? a. Replace the standard leak. »._ Replace the cylinder inthe standard leak Recharge the standard leak. 4 Send the standard leak to the manufacturer for recharging. 3. While performing a halogen-diode detector test, the leak detector becomes dificult to zero, and the pointer on the leak rate meter repeatedly swings up scale. The most likely cause of the problem could be the use of too high a sensitivity range, a shorted clement, an excessive heater voltage, or: poor airflow. b. a sensing element thats too new. . ahigh halogen background, 4. 4 faulty leak-rate meter. level it 1, Mostleaks detected during a halogen sniffer test could have been detected and usually can be verified by: a bubble leak test. an ultrasonic examination. 2 visual examination, a pressure change tes. 18 2, The presence of small iraces of halogen vapors in the halogen diode detector: a. increases the emission of negative fons. . decreases the emission of positive ions. Increases the emission of positive ions. decreases the emission of negative ions. 3. Ahalogem standard leak of a certain size produces a ‘known signal on a halogen Teak detector. ‘To receive this same intensity signal on the instrument during the test of an object containing a 296 by volume halogen-air mixture, the size ofthe leak in the object ‘causing the signal would theoretically have to be at Teast times larger than the standard leak. 2 20 b. 50 © 40 a0 ‘Mais Spectrometer Level! 1. The sensitivity of a mass spectrometer leak detection system is the mass flow rate of tracer gas: that gives a maximum measurable signal that gives a minimum measurable signal at standard temperature and pressure. inaleak. 2. The diffusion pump and mechanical fore pump in a ‘mass spectrometer leak detection system: use the same type of ol use different types of oi ‘operate using the same motor. use the same principle of operation. 3. The helium mass spectrometer detector-probe pressure-test technique is: a quantitative test. a qualitative test. a semiautomatic test ‘an automatic test.Level 1. A torr is defined as: a. 147 psia, b. 1mm of Hg. ¢. 1/760 of a standard atmosphere . 760 mm of Hg, 2. When conducting helium mass spectrometer test of a ‘vacuum vessel in the pressure range of 10+ to 10 mm Hg, which type gage could be used to measure the pressure? Alphatron gage. ‘Thermionic ionization gage. Pirani gage. Thermocouple gage, 3. Helium standard leaks in the range of 10 to 10-1 atm eels are known in general terms as reservoir standard leaks, capillary standard leaks. permeation standard leaks. adjustable standard leaks, Pressure Change Measurement Level! 1, A pressure of 6.0 psig, in terms of absolute pressure at sea level and standard temperature, would be approximately a. 96.0 pia b. 80.7 psia © 51.3 pia 4d. 3600 psia 2. When conducting a long-duration pressure change test it is necessary to measure absolute pressure or gage pressure plus barometric pressure because the barometric pressure wil always fall. always rise remain constant, tend to vary. eree level 1 ‘Which one ofthe following isthe correct relationship for converting temperature in degrees rankine (°R) to temperature in kelvin (K)? 5/9) °R 5/9) °R + 273, 460+°R K=273°R 0 When a system's internal dry bulbs internal temperature and, in turn, total pressure, increase during pressure change leakage-rate test, the water vapor pressure in the system under test would normally: . remain the same, decrease 4. oscilate For a pneumatically pressurized constant-volume system at an internal temperature of 27 °C, what approximate percentage change in the system absolute pressure can be expected for a system internal temperature change of 1 °C? 2 3% b. 6% 0.39% 10% (One set of internal dry bulb temperature data for a pressure change leakage-rate test is (T+ T+ 7/3 =71.87°R (i+ T5)!2 = 72.32 °F (I+ 15)2 = 72.68 °F (Tg + y+ Tyo)/3 = 73.07 °F nose ¥ 19Saeed Liquid Penetrant Testing level | ‘Which of the following is generally the more acceptable method for leaning parts prior to penetrant testing? Sand blasting Wire brushing, Grinding Vapor degreasing. The term used to define the tendency of certain liquids to penetrate into small openings such as cracks or fissures is: a. saturation, b. capillary action blotting. G. wetting agent. ‘Which of the following is the most commonly used ‘method for removing non-water- washable visible dye penetrant from the surface of atest specimen? a. Dipping in a solvent. D. Spraying. c. Hand wiping 4. Blowing. Level 1 20 When conducting a penetrant test, spherical indications on the surface of a part could be indicative of a. fatigue cracks. b. porosity weld laps hot tears A commonly used method of checking on the overall, performance of a penetrant material system is by a, determining the viscosity ofthe penetrant. b. measuring the wettability of the penetrant. comparing two sections of artificially cracked specimens. 4, measuring the brightness ofthe penetrant. Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in a forging? a. Shrinkage crack b. Lap. © Hot tear 4. Lamination, Magnetic Flux Leakage Level! 1 Flux leakage inspection can normally be applied to: a, ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic material b. nonmagnetic materials only. ¢. ferromagnetic materials only. d. nonconductors only. ‘The ratio B/H is equivalent to a material's a. field strength b. reluctance, ©. permeability . relative permeability. Flux leakage techniques can normally be used to detect a. surface discontinuities only b._ subsurface discontinuities only: ¢. discontinuities at any location, 4. surface and near-surface discontinuities. Level ft ‘The highest sensitivity ofa hall effects sensor is ‘obtained when the direction of the magnetic field in relation to the largest surface of the hall probe is: parallel at an angle of 45°. at an angle of 30° or 60°. perpendicular. ‘What particular type of defect is not indicated by flux leakage techniques? a. Overlap. b. Slag inclusion with crack Surface contamination. 4. Longitudinal seam.lux leakage is created ata discontinuity because of the change in: a. resistivity. b. inductance. permeability 4. capacitance. Magnetic Particle Testing level 1 ‘Which type of current has a skin effect? ° Alternating current. b, Direct current c. Half-wave rectified. 4. Full-wave rectified "The best type of magnetic field to use to inspect a tubular product for surface defects along its length is a Jongitedinal fel. . circular field swinging field. yoke magnetization. Which of the following is most often used for dry magnetic particle inspection? a. Full-cycle direct current. \. Hialf-wave alternating current. c, High-voltage, low-amperage current. a. Direct current from electrolytic eels Level It 1 “When testing a bar with an LID ratio of 4 in a 10-turn coil, the required current would be: 45.000 A, "unknown; more information is needed. 18000, 1125 A. “Which of these cracks may appear as an irregulat, checked, or scattered pattern of fine lines usually ‘caused by local overheating? a. Fatigue cracks. . Grinding cracks. Crater cracks. . HAZ cracks. Ifa copper conductor is placed through a ferrous cylinder and a current is passed through the conductor, then the magnetic ld (ux density) in the cylinder wil be: a. the same intensity and patter as in the conductor. greater than in the conductor. less than in the conductor. ._the same regardless of its proximity to the cylinder wall Microwave Technology level! 1 ‘The microwave electromagnetic signal will not propagate through which medium between the probe and the part being tested? a. A dielectric plastic. b. A vacuum, Athin metal fol, a Air. In standing wave microwave interferometry, how is the electromagnetic signal transmitted and received? fa. The signal is transmitted from an emitter through the part and received in a separate receiver on the opposite side. b. The signal is generated in an emitter, transmitted past the receiver to the part, and reflected back to the receiver from the part. . ‘The signal is generated in an emitter and seflected from the part back to a separate 4, The signal is generated in an emitter, which receives the reflected signal from the part When microwave energy is reflected and refracted, within the volume of the part there is: a change in dielectric constant in the part. ‘a change in frequency. ‘an elastic energy loss. ‘a conductive surface in the part. a1 Level i The approximate wavelength ofthe microwave electromagnetic signal at 10 GHz in a material with ‘The least microwave energy penetration (in depth) ‘would be achieved in material with which properties? The mechanism of microwave wave interaction with, matter to create images 1-2016 | APPENDIXES Dis 23 mm 15mm 2mm nitrile rubber: sapphire: «= 9. tan 8 = 0.0004 teflon: = 2.1, tan 6 = 0.0002 natural rubber: €= 2.1, tan 6 = 0,005, 5, tan 8 = 0.05 Ionic conduction in conductive materials. molecular dipole interactions and ionic conduction. nuclear scattering, electron excitation. Neutron Radiographic Testing Level 1 2 Neutron penetration is greatest in which of the following materials? b 4 Gadolinium conversion screens are usually mounted Hydrogenous material Water Lead. Boron carbide. in rigid holders called: b d film racks, cassettes, emulsifiers. diaphragms. Which element is commonly used for direct neutron} radiography? Level 1. Which of the following conversion screens has the Cadmium Indium Dysprosium Gadolinium longest halF-lifet b, ri Dysprosium, Indium, Cadmium. Gadolinium Neutron radiography can be used for inspecting which of the following applications? Presence of explosives in a metal device, Presence of chaplets in castings. Presence of copper wire in steel sleeves. Presence of heavy metal inclusions in castings, Real-time imaging of thermal neutron radiography ‘can be performed with which of the following, detectors? Gadolinium, Dysprosium, Zinc sulfide + lithium fluoride. Europium, Radiographic Testing Method Radiographic Testing level! 1 ‘The most widely used unit of measurement for measuring the rate at which the output of a gamma ray source decays is the: b, a roentgen, halflife MeV.fan exposure time of 60 seconds were necessary ising a 1.2m (4A) source-to-lm distance for a particular exposure, what time would be necessary if £80.61 m (2 ft) source-to-film distance is used and all other variables remain the same? 120 seconds 30 seconds 15 seconds 240 seconds "The sharpness of the outline in the image of the radiograph is a measure of subject contrast radiographic definition. radiographic contrast. {lm contrast. pege level Il 1 When radiographing to the 2-2T quality level, an {mage quality indicator (IQN) for 6.35 em (25 in.) steel has a thickness of a, 127m (05 in). b. 63.5 mm (2.5 x10? in). 127mm (5x 10° in), 4. 1270 mm (5 x 107 in). ‘The approximate radiographic equivalence factors for steel and copper at 220 KV are 1.0 and L, respectively. If iis desirable to radiograph a 1.27 em (05 in) plate of copper, what thickness of sts! would reguice about the same exposure characterntis? 1.78 cm (0.7 in.) of steel 0,89 cm (0.35 in, of steel, 3.56 cm (1.4in.) of steel 2.54 cm (1.0 in.) of steel IFa specimen were radiographed at 40 KV and again at 50 kV, with time compensation to give the radiographs the same density, which ofthe following statements would be tue? a. The 40 kV exposure would have lower contrast and greater latitude than the 50 KV exposure. . ‘The 40 kV exposure would have higher contrast and greater latitude than the 50 Kv exposure. The 50 kV exposure would have lower contrast and greater latitude than the 40 kV exposure. 4. The 50 kV exposure would have higher contrast and greater latitude than the 40 kV exposute. Computed Radiography Level | L Digital detectors used for computed radiography (CR) employ-a nique crystalline material that can best be described as a ‘when exposed to Tonizing radiation. phosphor that stores light energy: ‘phosphor that stores radiation crystal that stores electro Phosphor that stores a latent image ange Computed radiography uses changes in in liew of changes in optical density ange to produce a visual image. bits and bytes pixels shades of gray digital values Computed radiography uses a inliew af a film densitometer to determine exposure adequacy. {asso tool pixel value tool digital gage analog gage 23BNTRe ee eas od Level ll a ‘A.commercial computed radiographic system classification, such as ASTM E 2446, groups CR systems using a rating in order to characterize their relative performance levels. standard image quality light photometer equivalent IQL 180 index The phenomenon that causes materials to emit light in response to external stimuli is known as: stimulation. Auorescence. reticulation, vibration. Photo stimulated luminescence (PSL) is @ process in ‘which a phosphor that has ceased emitting light because of removal of the stimulus once again emits light when excited by light with a than the emission wavelength, shorter wavelength longer wavelength higher frequency lower frequency ‘Computed Tomography level 26 ‘The mechanical/manipulation system has the function of, and a. positioning the test object between source and detector; storing the data holding the test object; positioning the computer ‘¢. moving the source and detector; positioning the test object between source and detector 4. holding the test object; positioning the test object between source and detector 2. The purpace of the radiation detector is to convert the measured transmission of X-rays through the object imo loctronic processing a. aphosphar b. acrysal cc anelectvial signal <. adighal signal to be handled by 3. The extent to which a computed tomography (CT) image reproduces an objector feature within an objects influenced by spatial resoltion: a detector type, source-to-object distance, and radiation source D._ statistical noise, slice plane thickness, and artifacts. radiation source, statistical noise, and detectors. 4. statistical noise, detector type, and radiation level image isa representative map of at each point in the plane. density measurements linear X-ray attenuation coefficients noise measurements Xray scattered photons Spatial resolution has a limiting value determined by the ofthe system and the amount of data and. a. design and construction; sampling schema . size; X-ray source energy ¢. design and construction; X-ray source energy 4. size; sampling schema 3. Contrast sensitivity refers to the ability to the presence or absence of features in an ‘mask calculate detect neglectee Digital Radiography level 1, A digital detector array (DDA) can best be defined by a(n): device that utilizes @ fexible phosphor plate and ‘an electrical scanning device. ’b. device that converts the analog radiographic film into a discrete electronic output and is then. digitized for display on a computer monitor. ce device utilizing a digital camera system in conjunction with a phosphor plate providing. real-time or static image capture. i. electronie device that converts penetrating, radiation into an analog signal and then digitizes it for display on a computer monitor. 2,” What is one of the prime reasons to perform a DDA. calibration? a, To ensure all measurements will be calibrated swith an object of known dimensions to compensate for geometric enlargement if the fbject is not directly in contact with the detector. b. To increase the photon collection rate. Optimize the performance of the DDA. "To minimize the backscatter to an acceptable level especialy at high energies. 3, Changes in the thickness of the specimen are indicated by inthe digital image. a achange in area bb. achange in gray scale ¢._alack of resolution in the image sharpness the relationship between exposure and the resultant pixel pitch of the detector level 1. The term “bad pixel” is best described asa pixel: a. of aDDA that has performance outside the specification range. bb, that is processed or Sampled due to frame averaging ‘e. that must receive some type of correction to ‘ensure all indications regardless of size resulting from rejectable discontinuities will be evaluated. 4. that does not operate at al Flat panel gain, offset, and pixel calibrations ensure: a. proper probability of detection. \. measurements will be calibrated. proper defect evaluation. none of the above. One of the main advantages of DR, or flat panel utilization, as compared to CR to accomplish an. inspection task is typically: a. portability. 'b. inspection speed. «. initial cost 4, detector flexibility. Thermal/Infrared Testing Level! 1 Which of the following infrared (TR) camera settings mayaffect a radiometric temperature measurement? a. Span, b. Level . Palette, d. Focus. ‘Thermal infrared radiation occurs at wavelengths: a. shorter than X-rays. shorter than visible light, longer than visible light. longer than radio waves. ‘Which ofthe following camera parameters is not adjustable in post-processing computer software? Span. Level. Emissivity. Range. 25EG Level tt 1. Latent heat energy can be described as the energy: that creates or breaks the molecular bonds of the phase state of a material b. that when added to a material will cause its temperature t0 increase. released by a material that will cause its temperature to decrease, 4. released by an object that will break the molecular bonds of a material 2, Which of the following surfaces will provide the ‘most accurate radiometric temperature ‘measurement? ‘Thin film plastic. Oxidized aluminum, Glass Water-based paint. 3. How hot does an electrical connection need to be for it to be classified as a serious problem? 105°C (33.8 to41 °F), 50 15°C (41 to 59°F). Greater than 15°C (59°F) Depends on the criticality of equipment to continued safe operation. eee Ultrasonic Testing Level! 1, The amount of beam divergence from a transducer clement is primarily dependent on the: a. type of test, bi. tightness of the transducer element backing in the search unit frequency and transducer element size. 4. refraction, 2 (On the ares-amplitude ultrasonic standard test blocks, the flat-bouomed holes in the blocks are: a. all ofthe same diameter. Di different in diameter, mcreasing by 1/64 in. (0.39 mm) increments from the No. 1 block to the No. 8 block. largest in the No. 1 block and smallest in the No. 8 block, 4. dalled to different depths from the front surface of the test block. (On many ultrasonic testing instruments, an operator conducting an immersion fest can remove that portion ofthe screen presentation that represents ‘water distance by adjusting a pulse-length contral. reject control. sweep-delay control. sweep-length control. level 1 Ifa contact angle-beam transducer produces a 45-degree shear wave in stel (VS = 0.323 cm/s), the angle produced by the same transducer in an aluminum specimen (VS = 0.310 emis) would be: a. less than 45°, b. greater than 48° 4. more information is required. A discontinuity is Located having an orientation such that its long axis is parallel to the sound beam. The indication from such a discontinuity willbe 4. latge in proportion to the length ofthe discontinuity ». small in propoztion to the length of the discontinuity. representative ofthe length ofthe discontinuity. 4. such that complete loss of back-refletion will result An ultrasonic longitudinal wave travels in aluminum, with a velocity of 635 000 cm/s and has a frequency of 1 ME The wavelength of this ultrasonic wave is a 6358 b. 310in, © 635mm a 3000A 5Ee Phased Array Caleulate the probe center spacing (PCS) to focus at a 15 mm depth using a pair of 70-degree probes, Level It a 413mm b. 546mm 1. Identify the factors that would produce the largest © 824mm beam steering angles: ~ 4. 938mm ‘a. large elements, small pitch, high-frequency testing low-velocity materials. b, small elements, small pitch, high-frequency testing low-velocity materials. . Iarge elements, small pitch, low-frequency testing high-velocity materials. small elements, small pitch, low-frequency testing high-velocity materials, Calculate the depth of a defect given the following information: ‘Tx probe delay: 7.8 us (pulse-echo measured) Rx probe delay: 6.2 us (pulse-echo measured) PCS 59.6 mm. Bottom tip signal 30 us Material velocity 5960 m/s longitudinal 3230 m/s transverse 2. Which ofthe following bes fits this desripton “the 3010 avs surface ultrasonic capabilities of resolving two adjacent a. 298mm defects along the acoustical axis through a small b. 372mm tltrasonie path”? pias a. Lateral resolution. d 6.2mm bi. Axial resolution, Resolution. ; cl geet Vibration Analysis | 3. What happens to the beam spread at higher beam. level! | angles winen using a swept angle scan from 45° 10 707 1, The vibration amplitude is a response that i a. The beam spread decreases. a inversely proportional tothe dynamic resistance b. The beam spread increases, inthe system. ¢. The beam spread does not change », proportional to the amouia of displacement in 4. Beam spread cannot be changed with angle the signal not related a all to the dynamic frees in the system: Time of Flight Diffraction Level Frequencies used for TOFD inspection are most dependent on: ‘a. near field, beam spread, and the reflection factor of the material b._ acoustic impedance, beam spread, and ‘penetrating ability. . the thickness of the thinner part ._ sensitivity, beam spread, and penetrating ability 4. meaningless unless if has been initially taken in. acceleration units. fa magnetic is attacked to an accelerometer, it will: a, lower the frequency range capability of the accelerator. b. increase the frequency range capability of the accelerator. . notallow the accelerometer to read in acceleration units anymore. 4. increase the amplitude range of the accelerometer. t anSE a Level 28 ‘The enter or store key on a programmable FET-Analyzet/Data collector should be pressed: a8 soon as the accelerator is attached to the ‘mounting surface b. after @ pause of 30 seconds from the time the accelerometer is mounted, © after the readings have settled down (usually 3 seconds or longer). ._ immediately when a display appears on the screen (to save time), A lissajous orbit that has a long elliptical (cigar shape) appearance isan indication of 2 unbalance. b. misalignment, an oll whic] . arub event, ‘The purpose of a bode or polar (ayquist) plot is to verily the presence of: a, aneccentricty. b. a defective bearing ._abent shaft The two most common problems that will produce a higher amplitude at 2x RPM than at 1x RPM ina vibration spectrum are: 4 an eccentric pulley and mechanical looseness (Type. b, offset misalignment and mechanical looseness (Type B) . a shaft bent between is bearings and worn gear teeth 4. an unbalanced shaft and mechanical looseness (Type C). Visual Testing Level! 1. Which of the following is true? a. All discontinuities are defects, b. Defects that affect the product’s usefulness are called discontinuities. © Discontinuities that affect the product's usefulness are called defects, 4. All discontinuities are unacceptable. ‘The dimension indicated on the sketch of a micrometer is; a 3.25 mm (0.128 in). b. 5:97 mm (0.285 in). © 3.20 mm (0-126 in). 4. 833 mm (0.328 in). Asa visual examiner, you shall have your eyes checked at least a, every 3 months, D. every 6 months every year every 3 years,Level It L ‘Handheld magnifiers should fall into which of the following ranges? 2x todx 5x to 10x 10x to 20x 20x to 3x ‘Visual examiners who perform visual exams using borescopes and fiberscopes must be a. color blind. }. able to meet far-vision requirements (Snellen 20/30). cc. competent in their use. d. ambidextrous, [A narrow field of view produces: b ‘higher magnification and a greater depth of field. higher magnification and a shorter depth of field. Jess magnification and a greater depth of field, less magnification and a shorter depth. of field. 2SISOS ancy Answers to Example Questions ACOUSTIC EMISSION TESTING Level! Level ii 16 4d 2b Ze 3b ad ELECTROMAGNETIC TESTING Alternating Current Field Measurement levell Level 1b 1d 2b 2b 3a Ba Eddy Current Testing level! Level it ta 1d 2a Ze 3a 3. Remote Field Testing level! Level i 1b 1a 2e 2a Ba 3.6 ‘GROUND PENETRATING RADAR level! Level 1.6 te 2e 2a aa 3c GUIDED WAVE TESTING level! Level 1d te 2d 2a 3. 3b 30 LEAK TESTING. Bubble Leak Testing level! Level i 1d te 2a Za ad 3a Halogen Diode Detector level] Level 1d 1a 2e Ze 3. 3b ‘Mass Spectrometer level! Level it 1b Le 2b 2b 3b. ae Pressure Chonge Measurement levell Level 1b ta 2d 2e Ba 3a LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING level! Level 1d 1b 2b 2e 3.c 3b MAGNETIC FLUX LEAKAGE levell Levelt te 1d ze Ze 3d 3c MAGNETIC PARTICLE TESTING level! Levelt 9 ta 1d 2b 2b ab 3bLy MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY THERMAL/INFRARED TESTING level! Levelt level! Level tc te 1d ta 2b 2a Ze 2d 3a 3b 34 34 NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING ULTRASONIC TESTING level! Levelt! level! Level te ta te ta 2b 2a 2b 2d ad Be 3 36 Phased Aray Level il(only) RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING METHOD ae Computed Radiography 3p ee Time of Fight Difraction Ze 2b Level (on! | 3b 3b ieee Ze Computed Tomography ae Lovell Level td tb Ze oa 3b Be VIBRATION ANALYSIS level! Levelt Digital Radiography ta 10 Level! Level 2a 26 ae 3b td ta 2e 8 2d 3b 3b /SUAL Radiographic Testing VISUAL TESTING Lovell Levelt level! Levelt te 1b ta 2a Ze Ze 2a ae 3b 3b 36 3 aEe Appendix B: NDT Practical Examination Checklist NAME: _ EMPLOYEE #:_ _ COMPANY: LOCATION: : DATE: a NDT METHOD: __ PROCEDURE DESCRIPTION: SPECIMENS) DESCRIPTION: Time Started: Time Completed: __ No ‘Gategortes: Points | Score Remarks ‘| Rniowiedge of NDT Procedure Racord the presence or absence of actions tat Femi ‘support your score. Was the procedure plcked up, 2 Uttzaten ‘humbed through, fead eheed of te, highighted Consceration fo mtatons 10 | ormarked up. Did the candidate referto the 2 Acharance to procedural ces | procedure when quastons arose? Did the output omy withthe procedure? 2. | Equipment and Waterat Record the presence ot absetce of actions that ‘Slated in procedure or user experiance ‘support your score. Note the equipment and 1 Proicienay in set vp, utzon, and catbraton | 8 fhateriale used. Evalvate the procedure for 1 _Profisency i lechnigue and stancarczation ‘alration adequacy, ease of use, and car. 3. | Test Specimen Care and Custody ‘Record he presence or absence of acfons that + Aoseoplte pro-cesing | support your soore. Note preparation adequacy, + Mintenancatont! 5 ‘Speemen care, final clearing, and final specimen + Appropriate post-clesning ___| coneiton F| Operations. Record tha presence or absonce of actions that Calibration vricaton ‘support your score. State ifcaibration was verted ‘ening to procedures for ot, List stops followed. Note en steps missed. ‘Adherence fo te soquencing rogues 10 Deserve actus tet media used, afea of ilerest, Utzeton of appropriate testing media | ‘and area(s) missed. {Inspecting designated ares of rrost, - aT ‘ | Record te presence or absence of actions rat |” | Detection of inaications!" ‘support your score. List al prooedure requirements ‘adherence to procedure requirements 6 fet folowed, Note numberof hits, misses, and 1 Recuraay(detocton of cecal ncestons) false calls. Reference aflached report anriotsted. Pring detecable ndeatons 3 | Interpretation of Indications “Record the presence or absence of acions Wat Pet Adherence fo procedure requirements | support your score. Identify metis reflecting 1 Recury (interpreting tha cite! ndeatons) | 15 inspection accuracy oF inagcuracy. Refer fo 1 Inerpraing relevant nlestons ‘attached report and interpretation standards Compared fo known detect map and harectorization. 7. | Evaluation of dications! FRecotd the presence or absence of aclions that Fatoving procedure requirements Support your score, Quantfy aiscimination 1 Aecuracy (evaluating the cal inccatns) | 20 ‘accuracy and margin of error between relevant 2 Evaluating relevantinccations {and nonrelevant Indications. 3 | Documentation and Records Record the presence or absence of actions that er Aecurate documentation Support your score. Slate degree of completeness, Proper dat processing 10 fegibity, early, correctness, and appearance of Aproptte corte of records report with errs and omissions. 3 Compliance wih procedural outing General Health and Safety ‘Record the presence or absence of actions that vr Fama th heath ond safety of method Support your score, Sate violations of industy 2 Volate stostances | Standards and practoes. General statement of | = Bette nezaras 5 | compliance is acceptable fn violatons. 1 Respratoy cancems + Compliance wit specie ste procedures = 70- | General Observable Conduct scaid he presence OF abwance oT actions that 2 Prenenay oni fe rtod spp your scr. ist commen of bavi that 1 Proisency ih application 8 5 Supports or detractajrom examinee performance Preisteney nth resus | " ia _Asnerenca to a professional behavior 1 | (1) The candiate should dest sl dscontinities and conditions specified by tie NDT Level I {@) No more than 10% fase calls allowed. {@) 80% of designated dafects comedy classified (16 pons required to pas) Prin Signature of NDE Level Il; - Date; 33BILE aan SNT-TC-1A Interpretation Request Form Bach inguiry should address a specific section or paragraph of SNT-TC-1A. If submitting multiple inquiries, submit a separate form for each inquiry. In the top section ofthe form, provide complete contact information so that you can be reached should clarification bbe required. List the SINT-TC-1A edition (year) being In the Background block, provide any additional information that will explain the need for the clarification or the intent of a paragraph or section. Attach additional pages if necessary. ‘The Proposed Response block is for ASNT use only All inquiries should be sent to: referenced and the specific paragraph or section in question. In the Inquiry block, state the question in the clearest terms possible and in a manner that will permit a Yes or No answer Ifpossible. Chair, SNT-TC-1A Interpretation Panel clo Senior Manager, Technical Services 1711 Arlingate Lane P.O. Box 28518 Columbus, OH 43228-0518 E-mail: SN 'C-LAinterpretations@ASNT.org Fax: (614) 274-6899 SNT-TC-1A INQUIRY REQUEST FORM Submitto: Chal, SNT-TC-1A Interpretation Pana Date ‘bo Senior Manager, Tectical Services {Tt Angt Lane Avr use oney PO B00 22518, ee Colin, OH 4528-0518 ain E-mail SN-TC-1Anterpsalons@asnt ong Fax: (614) 274-6899 Nae . Prone . Enat Aes: oy State a County: __ SNT-7-1A Edition: _— Associated Paragraphs}: Tay Background (AGG any aditonal information that wil daly the stuaton, need, et) PROPOSED RESPONSE (ASNT Use Only)