Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Content:
1. Brief history about wireless ecosystem.
• What is LTE (Long Term Evolution) ?
• How is it different from older technologies ?
3. Interfaces in LTE
4. Life Cycle of a UE
2010s
1980s
1990s 2000s 4G 5G
2G 3G • LTE/LTE-A, 802.16m
• Broadband data
1G • WCDMA, CDMA2000
& video
Time
Evolved Packet
Core (EPC)
LTE architecture is composed of 2
parts –
• IP Header Compression
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Network Architecture in LTE contd.
EPC:
• User Authentication
• Subscription/Profile management –
• Roaming
• Speed/throughput limits
• IP Address allocation
http://www.3gpp.org/specifications/
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specifications
Evolution in LTE
*Source – 3GPP
OFDMA
LTE Downlink
SC-FDMA
LTE Uplink
Reduced Peak-to-
average Power Ratio Better Cell-edge performance
due to low PAPR
SU-MIMO MU-MIMO
Transmit Div
Receive Div.
Downlink Uplink
Bit Stream for UE is divided among UE receives bit streams from both
Antenna elements. Each element antennas and combines them to
sends a different Bit stream receive data at twice the speed
effectively doubling the throughput compared to TxD
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Multiple Antenna Technologies contd.
MU-MIMO
Downlink
2x2 Antenna System
Each color represents an antenna
Bit Streams for UEs is divided among UEs receives bit streams from both
Antenna elements. Each element antennas and combines them to
sends a different Bit stream receive data at twice the speed
effectively doubling the throughput compared to TxD
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Physical Channels in LTE:
What is a channel ? It is like a path that has a specific function.
Downlink Uplink
MME
SCTP (Stream control transmission protocol) is a tunneling protocol used between eNodeB and MME. S1-AP
uses SCTP.
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Home Subscriber Server (HSS):
HSS is responsible for the following functions in EPC –
● Master database that stores subscription related information to support call control and session management
entities
● Buffers data in downlink for Idle mode Users until they are
In connected state
for billing
● UE capabilities are transferred to the EUTRAN during the “UE Capability information exchange” procedure.
• Enables operators to use different chunks of spectrum in combination to deliver greater throughputs
to UEs.
• Enables network operator to use fragmented pieces of spectrum. Not all operators are spectrum
rich.
Fc1 and fc2 are 2 frequencies with Fc1 and fc2 are 2 frequencies with
similar coverage different coverage
DL COMP
UL COMP