(introduction The purpose of this three level reading series is to develop students’ reading skills and to familiarize students with the ibt Toefl tests. Each book in the series contains various styles of readings designed to help students improve their English comprehension. Canis By answering the questions, students immerse themselves in topics of general and academic interest. Cen mens Key words from the reading are listed. By matching each word with its definition, students can expand their vocabulary and prepare for readings. Exposing students to a variety of academic contexts helps them grasp English. Aide range of areas seize student interest from the beginning. RTM A vatiety of multiple-choice questions are designed to check understanding of the reading’s main ideas, details, organization, and more. Through a series of pre-reading, reading, and post-reading activities, students can improve their reading skills. By reviewing the vocabulary from Vocabulary Check, students can elaborate their mastery of the vocabulary. Six summarizing approaches help students understand the readings in various contextual ways. 1 W - Votabulary All-in-One allow sgcabiaaalieteetioo ‘of form and meaning of words ; Tn exciting new contexts,(Contents Acid Rain unit 4 unit 2 Unit 3. unit 4 unit 5 The History of Fight The White Nights Broken Bones Chris Evert Pee unt 6 How the US Obtained Alaska unt 7 The Flu Unt 8 The Suffragettes Unit 9 Security Unt 10 The Colors of Survival Unit 11 KGB Unt 12 How Were the Pyramids Built? unit 13° Death Valley Unt 14 Alligators and Crocodiles Unt 15 Something Old, Something New Unt 16 The Vietnam War unt 17 Superstitions Unit 18 The Olympic Games Uni 19 Love Canal Incident Unt 20. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein ee 20 Unit 1~5 26 30 34 38 42 Unit 6~10 48 52 56 60 64 Unit 11~15 70 74 78 82 86 Unit 16-20aie i] Acid Rain VOCABULARY CHECK 2 Match the words with their definitions. environmental continuing a long time into the future extinct no longer living toxic relating to the natural world coat a chemical that can burn or melt other substances long-term to cover filter poisonous, harmful experiment to try something in order to learn acid something used to clean air or water ) PowercontentReadiefor e eXou Read 1, What are some of the main effects of acid rain? 2. What can we do to solve the problem? A cid rain is one of the biggest environmental problems today. It has many long-term effects, like damage to trees and buildings. It can lead to skin and breathing problems. It can also cause animals to become extinct. Acid rain is caused by air pollution from cars and factories. These machines bum fuel for energy. When fuel burns, it produces smoke and invisible gases that mix clouds. These dark clouds rain harmful chemicals onto the earth. Although the rain is not acidic enough to burn skin, it coats tree leaves, buildings, and the ground with toxie water, Acid rain has actually been around since the mid-1800s. It was discovered by Robert Angus Smith. Smith found a relationship between acid rain and air pollution. However, scientists did not start studying acid rain seriously until the 1950s. Acid rain can be prevented by buming less dangerous fuels, Factories have also experimented with special filters that remove harmful chemicals from the smoke. These are good solutions, but governments have to act fast. If they wait, the damage may be unstoppable. Unit 01READING COMPREHENSION 1 Whatis the main idea of the passage? a. Acid rain is the newest environmental disaster. b. Acid rain is as dangerous as other forms of pollution. c. Acid rain destroyed the environment in the mid-1800s. d. Robert Angus Smith found a solution for acid rain. 2 Which of the following is NOT correct according to the passage? Acid rain is a serious problem these days. Acid rain is as dramatic as piles of garbage and rising oceans. Cars and factories are main reasons for acid rain. Acid rain has been known for more than 150 years. 3 The word ‘they’ refers to , a. solutions b. chemicals fuels d. governments 4 — Which of the following is correct about acid rain? a. It.can cause humans to become extinct. b. Toxic water from cars and factories causes acid rain. c. Serious research on acid rain only started around 50 years ago. d. It can make people get lung cancer. 5 What can be inferred from the passage? a. The current measures are not enough to stop acid rain. ». Scientists should pay more attention to acid rain. ©. Governments are mostly responsible for acid rain d. Acid rain can be gotten rid of by funding more research. 6 Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the underlined sentence in the passage? a. Governments usually make good solutions b. Governments are not interested in making good solutions. There are no good solutions. Solutions need to be put into effect to work.VOCABULARY REVIEW Fill in the blank with the right form of the word from the box. coat extinct environmental acid long-term, toxic experiment filter 1. They got him to sign a new __ contract. 2 Iwill be afan ___ protector and clean the river. 3. This picture was carved into the glass using 4 When the biscuits are cool, you a them with melted chocolate. 5 | felt dizzy after smelling the smoke from that burning house 6 Ozone is the Earth's primary _for ultraviolet radiation. SUMMARY a Complete the exercise by selecting the answer choices below. One of them will NOT be used. CX a. Smoke and invisible gases are produced oy cy Cu. CU sas > Cv cu Ow. ov Ow b. Harmful chemicals are removed from smi ¢. Machines burn fuel for energy ‘ 1 Fuel burns. 2 Pollution is released into clouds. 3 Acid rain falls to the ground. 4 Factories equip special filters. d. Acid rain is formed \oke e. Trees and buildings are damaged vor @IX Sh <4 KON ie VOCABULARY CHECK (4 Match the words with their definitions. 1 motorize 2. having wings 2. attach b. to show, express or be a sign of something 3. rotate ¢. to suggest or think of an idea or plan 4 winged d. to turn ina circle, especially around a fixed point 5 reflect ©. to fuel, to act with great strength 6 come up with f. to connect, to link 7 steer g. to have an engine or driving mechanism 8 power to control the direction of a vehicle B) rower content Reading 1peje You Read 1. Why do you think people are so interested in flying? 2. What are some problems people may have when building a flying machine? cople have dreamed of flying ever since they first looked up into the sky. Almost three thousand years ago, the ancient Greeks told stories about Icarus, who flew too close to the sun, and Pegasus, the winged horse. These stories reflected the Greeks’ desire to fly. [A] 5 In 1452, Leonardo Da Vinci experimented with airplane designs in his artwork. Da Vinci came up with the parach hough he didn't have the technol materials to build one. He also sketched a bicycle with wings attached to it. By pushing the pedals, you rotated the wings. [B] [Cl] The first human flight didn’t happen until more than three hundred ‘© years later. In 1782, two Frenchmen traveled 5 miles in a hot air balloon. It was powered by wood smoke and had no steering equipment. Soon, “ballooning” exploded in popularity around Europe. {D] Gliders didn’t have motors, but they could travel longer distances than balloons. However, they were difficult to control and sometimes crashed. 's Eventually in 1903, the brothers, Orville and Wilbur Wright, made the first motorized airplane flight in history.READING COMPREHENSION ‘1 Whatis the best title of the passage? a. Who Flew First? b. The Long Journey to Airplanes ©. Air Balloons Finally Come d. The Wright Brothers 2 Which of the following is correct according to the passage? a. Icarus is the first person who designed the airplane. . Da Vinci was the first person who succeeded to make a parachute. c. Two Frenchmen built the first gliders before the Wright brothers. d. The Wright brothers made the first motorized airplane flight in history. 3 Which of the following is NOT what Da Vinci did? a, Tried airplane designs b, Made a parachute c. Came up with the idea for a bicycle with wings d. Inspired future inventors 4 The word ‘they’ refers to a. motors b. the Wright Brothers ©. Gliders d. Frenchmen 5 Which is the best place for the following sentence? By the 1880s, scientists built the first gliders. a [Al b. [8] ©. [Cl] 4. [D1 6 Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the underlined sentence in the passage? Da Vinci made the parachute although he didn't have the technology or materials to build one. With the technology or materials to build one, Da Vinci could make the parachute. Da Vinci couldn't make the parachute because he didn't have the technology or materials to build one. Da Vinci couldn't make the parachute even if he had the technology or materials to build one. aece @ ovementVOCABULARY REVIEW Fill in the blank with the right form of the word from the box. reflect, steer rotate attach motorize come up with 1 Cupid is usually shown as a/an_________boy with a bow and arrow. 2. This mirroris usedto______light. 3 She has_____ an amazing idea to double her income. 4 The satellite slowly as it circles the planet. 5 This caris very fast even though itis ___———_by sunlight. 6 When in a canoe, you use your paddles to SUMMARY (a Complete the exercise by selecting the answer choices below. One of them will NOT be used. “Ballooning” exploded in popularity around Europe b. Leonardo Da Vinci experimented with airplane designs in his artwork ¢. Two Frenchmen traveled 5 miles in a hot air balloon CX a The Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, made the first motorized airplane flight in history >) & They were difficult to control and sometimes crashed ist ta weit Siam id stolen shout teas: ov Ch later, Cw Then, ou CU psaresutt, Cu Oy Finally,VOCABULARY CHECK Match the words with their definitions. 1 6 7 8 phenomenon magnificent latitude occur capital around the clock horizon take advantage of fading 1 all day and all night to happen, to take place a unit to measure north or south of the equator the point at which the sky seems to touch the land or sea the most important place of a country or an activity very good, beautiful something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted touse1. Why is darkness useful to us? 2. What are some of the problems that would face people if there were no nighttime? I magine that it is midnight, but when you look outside, it is as light as carly evening. St. Petersburg, Russia is the largest city in the world where this phenomenon occurs every summer. [A] Every year from mid-June to carly July, it never gets completely dark. Downtown St. Petersburg is full of 5 people around the clock. [B] The White Nights (Russian: Byeliye Nochi) are a product of geography. St. Petersburg lies further north than any other city in the world its size. It is located at 59° (degrees) 57’ (minutes) North (approximately the same distance north as Oslo, Norway and the southern tip of Greenland). At this high latitude, the sun ' II far enough below the horizon for the sky to get dark. If it is not too cloudy, the sky is so bright at night that the city does not turn on the streetlights. [C] St. Petersburg is called the “cultural capital of Russia,” and the city takes advantage of the White Nights with a magnificent cultural festival. For a month each summer, the entire city is alive with nighttime orchestra, opera, and dance 5 performances in its many theaters and parks. [D]READING COMPREHENSION 1 Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A Summer Event in St. Petersburg Tourist Attractions in St. Petersburg A Scient Explanation of the White Nights How to Enjoy the White Nights 2 Which of the following is true? @. During the White Nights, midnight is as bright as 12:00 noon. b. No major city is further north than St. Petersburg. ©. People like to stay indoors during the White Nights. 4d. No people live at a higher latitude than St. Petersburg 3 Which is the best place for the following sentence? The festival attracts tourists from around the world. a. [Al b. [B] ce (Cl @. (01 Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the underlined sentence in the passage? @. When the sun falls below the horizon, it gets darker. b, The sky does not get dark because the sun does not reach the horizon. c. The city is so far north that sunlight remains even after the sun sets, d. Because of the city's geography, daylight lasts all night for a month. 5 Which of the following is NOT stated in the passage? a. St. Petersburg is a culturally important city. b. St. Petersburg has many theaters. The festival is celebrated throughout Russia The festival lasts for one month. 6 The word ‘its’ inthe passage refersto a. festival b. Russia city summer ae @ ProveconetteringVOCABULARY REVIEW Fill in the blank with the right form of the word from the box. phenomenon occur around the clock magnificent horizon capital take advantage of latitude 1. Gravity is a natural 2 The rescuers worked ____ to help the people trapped in the avalanche 3 The __ of the oil tanker is 28*north. 4 The moon rose slowly above the 5 London used to be the financial _of the world. 6 They live in a/an Tudor house. SUMMARY a Complete the exercise by selecting the correct and important answer choices. Two of them will NOT be used. oy a St. Petersburg is known as the “Cultural Capital of Russia” ob b, Every summer, the White Nights occur in St. Petersburg ©. Oslo, Norway is approximately as far north as St. Petersburg © d. Downtown St. Petersburg is filled with people around the clock every summer >) Imagine tha f. The White Nights inight and it's still light outside a time for a magnificent cultural festivalVine 04 Broken Bones VOCABULARY CHECK Match the words with their definitions. 1 comfortable a. relaxed and free from pain 2 cast b. a tube through which blood flows in the body 3. treat <. to keep cool and relaxed 4 normal d. ahard cover used to protect a broken bone 5 heal ©. inits usual or correct position 6 inplace { tomake or become well again 7 stay calm g. to work to cure 8 blood vessel @ overcomes = ordinary, usualpefore e You Read 1. Have you ever broken a bone? What was the experience like? 2. Do you know anyone who has ever broken a bone? hat does it feel like to break a bone? It’s different for everyone, W: the pain is often sharp. If the break is small, however, the person may not feel much pain at all. If you think that you or someone else has broken a bone, the most important things to do are to stay calm, make the hurt person comfortable, and call the emergency number. Do not move the injured body part since movement could make it worse. To treat the break, the doctor will need to take an X-ray. This gives the doctor the information he or she needs to set the bone: to put it back into it normal position. If the bone is large or it is broken in more than one place, the doctor may need to use metal pins to set it. After the bone has been set, the next step is usually putting on a cast, the special, hard bandage that will keep the bone in place for a month or two. Your bones are excellent at healing themselves. Broken bones will produce many new cells and tiny blood yessels. These cover both ends of the broken part, and close up the break until the bone is as whole and strong as before.READING COMPREHENSION 1 Which of the following is the best title for the passage? 2. How to Know if a Bone is Broken b. How Broken Bones Heal Themselves c. Common Causes of Broken Bones d. What You Should Know about Broken Bones 2 According to the passage, a person with a broken bone should a. ty to stretch the injured body part b. put the bone back into its normal position call for help use metal pins to set it 3 It can be inferred from the passage that . broken bones usually require metal pins more serious breaks require metal pins not all broken bones require a cast setting a bone is usually painful aege 4 The word ‘it’ in the passage refers to . a. break b. Xray ©. information d. bone 5 Why does the author include the information the special, hard bandage that will keep the bone in place fora month or two? a. To explain what it means to set a bone ’, To explain the meaning and purpose of a cast To show why X-rays of broken bones are important To show why it is important not to move a broken bone 6 — Which of the following is true? a. Acast has to stay on for several months. b. Abroken bone that has healed is more likely to break again c. Broken bones sometimes do not heal completely. . Bones are excellent at healing themselves.VOCABULARY REVIEW 4 Fill in the blank with the right form of the word from the box. stay calm comfortable treat heal in place normal cast blood vessel 1 Allthe actors were ___, so the play could begin. 2 Western medicine tends to_________the symptoms and not the cause. 3 It's___ for couples to argue now and then. 4 You need to rest if you wish to quickly. 5 She can't go swimming because her arm is in a/an 6 Sheisableto____under stressful situations. SUMMARY a Complete the exercise by selecting the answer choices below. One of them will NOT be used. cu a. call the emergency number d. put on a cast >) Pedo not move the injured body part €. use metal pins c. help the injured person to move to bed f. take an X-ray Cu C1. When someone has broken a bone, cu ¢ 2. To get information to set the bone, cy : 3° When the broken bone is large or it is broken in more than one place, cu . 4 After the bone has been set,VOCABULARY CHECK influence retire achieve opponent commentator concentration suitable intense acceptable or right for someone or something to succeed in something after a lot of work or effort to stop working or to change to a life of leisure forceful, very strong focus, attention a reporter for radio or television the power to have an effect on people or things challenger, competitor* Before You Read 1. Can female athletes perform as well as male athletes? Why or why not? 2. Who are some important female athletes that you know? Cc hris Evert is one of the greatest tennis players of all time. She was bom in Fort Lauderdale, Florida in 1954. The weather in Florida is suitable for outdoor sports, so Evert was able to practice her tennis all year long. She leamed a lot from her father who was a professional tennis coach. At age sixteen, Evert played in her first US Open (United States Open Tennis Championships). She did not win that year, but she eventually won the US Open six times. Evert achieved hi major victories i when she won the women's championship i f the world’s four important tournam imbledon and the French Open. In 1986, she set a world record by winning the women’s French Open for the seventh time. Over the next five years, she defeated 125 opponents. She became famous not only for her many victories but also for her intense concentration while playing. In addition, she was one of the first players to hit a powerful two-handed backhand. This has now become a common technique. ‘Today, Evert is retired but often appears on television as a commentator for major tournaments. She will always be remembered for her achievements and influence on the game of tennis.ET READING COMPREHENSION 1 What is the topic of the passage? a. Chris Evert's tennis career b. Chris Evert's biography c. Chris Evert's love of tennis d. Chris Evert's unique tennis style 2 tis stated in the passage that . a, Evert worked for a while as a professional tennis coach b. Evert won the US Open when she was a teenager c. the US Open was played in Florida d. Evert worked as a commentator for tennis tournaments 3 Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the first underlined sentence in the passage? a. Evert won both Wimbledon and the French Open in 1974 which were her first important victories. b. Evert was the first woman to win both Wimbledon and the French Open in one year. c. Evert won all four of the world's most important tournaments in 1974. . Evert first competed in Wimbledon and the French Open in 1974 4 Itcan be inferred from the passage that. ‘@. no woman had won the French Open before 1986 b. no woman had won the French Open seven times before 1986 . Evert had not won the French Open before 1986 , the 1986 French Open was Evert's last major tournament victory 5 Why does the author include the information she was one of the first players to hit a powerful two-handed backhand? To give a reason for Evert’s many victories To give an example of Evert's intense concentration To give an example of Evert's influence on tennis To give an example of a common tennis technique 6 The word ‘This’ in the passage refersto a. technique b. backhand ©. first d. powerful Q rower content Reading 1VOCABULARY REVIEW Fill in the blank with the right form of the word from the box. suitable achieve ‘opponent intense concentration retire ‘commentator influence 1 I've been working all day, but | feel as if I've nothing 2. Maria was a tough but | was elected senior class president. 3. Joe Garagiola is a sports on the NBC television network. 4 He suddenly felt a/an pain in his back. 5 The noise outside made difficult. 6 Heis going to as chief executive next year. SUMMARY a Complete the exercise by selecting the answer choices in order. Two of them will NOT be used. a. The two-handed backhand has become a common technique >) b-She was taught by her Father who was a tennis coach ¢. After retirement, Evert often appeared on television d. Evert played for her first US Open at age 16 ) e She became famous for her many victories and concentration >) Fi The weather in Florida is suitable for sports ov 1 Chris Evert is a great tennis player. Cv 2 oy 3 ou 4 Evert achieved her first major victories in 1974. oO , ao 8 - = oh 6 - -Vocabulary All-in-One Choose the words that are closest in meaning to the underlined words. (1 ~ 5) 1 An accident involving over ten vehicles has occurred in the east-bound lane. a, happened b. created . influenced <. retired He suddenly felt an intense pain in his back. a. fragile b. beautiful ©. very strong d. instant What influenced you to choose a career in nursing? a. affected b. forced ©. produced G. altered The statistics reflect a change in people's spending habits. a. change b. express c. produce d. remain She carefully steered the car around the potholes. a. bought b. borrowed © controlled made& Choose the correct word for each definition. (6 ~ 10) opponent commentator phenomenon latitude capital 6 7 a — the position north or south of the equator measured — a person who speaks about an ongoing event something that exists, but cannot easily be explained _ ‘the central place or point at which certain things happen Se person challenging an individual in competition .Complete the sentence with the right form of the word from the box. (11 ~ 15) n 2 13 4 15 take advantage of stay calm achieve retire extinct After!_________ I finally have enough time to write my novel. It's important to ________inan emergency. I thought I'd __ —___________ the sports facilities while I'm here. There is concern that the giant panda will soon become. It took most of my life, but | finally ____ my dreams. 4 Choose the opposite word for each. (16 ~ 20) 16 W 8 19 normal suitable comfortable magnificent long-term ordinary - short-time extraordinary unpleasant inappropriate vocabulary Atinone @VOCABULARY CHECK Match the words with their definitions. 1 folly barren set up harsh purchase border headquarters encourage the main offices of an organization the political line between countries to ready something for operation or use to support, to give confidence and hope stupidity; a stupid action or idea unable to produce plants or fruit to buy severe, unkind, cruel° we You Read 1. How many of the American states can you name? 2. Have you traveled to a very cold area? he largest American state is not California or Texas. It is Alaska. Alaska is also the most northern American state. It is over a thousand miles further north than the border between the US and Canada. Alaska is a huge, barren mass of land that is covered with snow and ice for most of the year. 5 In the 1700s, Alaska was home jolar_bears and native Inuits. The first Russian settlers sailed to Alaska to set up a fur trade there. The Russian- American Company was the first trading company to make its headquarters in Alaska. During the late 1700s and early 1800s, Russia tried to encourage other settlers to come and live in Alaska. ‘ However, few people were interested in moving to Alaska. The weather was harsh, and it was very difficult to make a living there. In 1867, American po in William Seward bought Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 million. That amount was about 2 cents for every acre. It was called the “Alaska Purchase.” Many politicians thought Seward was crazy to buy so much ice and snow. 5 They called the purchase “Seward’s Folly” until people discovered gold in the Alaskan mountains. “Seward’s Folly” became “Seward’s Genius.”—————eeeeeeee READING COMPREHENSION 1 6 What is the best title of the passage? a. Alaska’s America b. A Great Deal c. The Richest State in America d. Seward Was So Silly Why was the Alaska Purchase called “Seward's Folly"? a, Alaska was owned by Russia. b. Alaska was the biggest state in America, . Nobody believed Alaska was useful d. Seward paid more than $7.2 million per acre for the land, Which of the following is NOT true? a. Alaska is the largest American state b. Russians were not the first residents to live in Alaska. ©. Alaska was not an easy place to live . William Seward knew Alaska has Gold The word ‘They’ refers to 2. Americans b. Russians ©. Indians d. politicians What can be inferred from the reading? a. Without gold, the purchase would be still called “Seward's Folly.” b. The Russians wanted to buy Alaska back for more money. c. Many people moved to Alaska from Russia. d. William Seward became a very rich man. The author mentions the underlined sentence in order to 2. explain how polar bears and native Inuits lived together . state that Alaska is the best place for polar bears and native Inuits ©. stress how remote Alaska was d. describe why Alaska was not so popular to live in Power Content Reading 1VOCABULARY REVIEW Fill in the blank with the right form of the word from the box. border harsh encourage set up headquarters folly purchase barren 1 We drove through a/an________, rocky landscape. 2 Many people risk their lives sneaking across the 3 How long will it take to __ — the computers? 4 The company’s is in Amsterdam. 5 We thought the punishment was rather for such a small offence. 6 Itwouldbe for the country to become involved in the war. SUMMARY ‘a Complete the exercise by selecting the answer choices below. One of them will NOT be used. a, “Seward's Folly” became “Seward's Genius” b. Politicians called the Alaska Purchase "Seward's Folly" c. No one wanted to move there d. They were the first Europeans to settle in Alaska )_€. The Russian-American Company was set up in Alaska f. Alaska is covered wit and snow for most of the year 2 Russian settlers wanted to set up a fur trade in Alaska. oO . Cu 3 Politicians thought William Seward was crazy to pay so much money. O > a —— s 4 Life in Alaska was very harsh. cu 4 - Cy 5 Gold was discovered in Alaska. >VOCABULARY CHECK “4 Match the words with their definitions. eliminate 2. viral 3 multiply 4 microscopic 5 minor 6 particle 7 combat 8 recognize @ rower content Reading 1 a > very small a very small piece of matter to increase greatly in number to fight, to struggle against to identify someone or something caused by or behaving like a virus to remove, to take away unimportant, insignificant1, What are some ways to protect yourself against the flu? 2. What are the symptoms of a flu? iruses are microscopic particles that are not really alive but still ime. the cells of living things. They enter a plant or animal's cell. ‘They then multiply into more viruses that enter more cells. When a virus attacks you for the first time, your body doesn’t know how to combat it and you become ill. However, after you recover, your body is able to recognize that virus. [A] You are, therefore, less likely to get sick if it enters your body again. ‘One disease caused by a sis the flu (short for influenza). You can catch the flu in any season, but each winter, it attacks millions of people around the world. [B] Although it often feels like a very bad cold, the flu is much more serious. It kills hundreds of thousands of people every year. In some years, it is even worse than that. Twenty million people died of flu in 1918. [C] Other viral diseases, such as polio, have been almost eliminated through the use of vaccines. [D] Can't we do the same with the flu? The problem is that the flu virus changes in minor ways each year. These changes make it much more difficult to develop vaccines that work well.Cee TS READING COMPREHENSION 1 What is the topic of the passage? Differences between the flu and other viruses. Cures for the flu Basic facts about the flu How to know when you have the flu 2 Which of the following is true? 2. Viruses are living things. b. Viruses only attack animals. c. Viruses multiply inside the body. d. The human body cannot fight viruses. 3 Which is the best place for the following sentence? For days, they suffer from fever, a sore throat, coughing, and body aches. a TAL b. 1B] c. IC) . 10) 4 According to the passage, why are you less likely to get sick the second time a virus enters your body? a. The virus is not really alive. b. The virus is unable to multiply. c. Your body will not recognize the virus. 4. Your body is able to recognize that virus. 5 The word ‘They’ refers to viruses cells: things animals 6 What can be inferred from the reading? a. Millions of people die from the flu every year. b. You are more likely to get sick if the flu enters your body for the first time. . Itis impossible to have the flu more than once. d. People only get the flu in winter. @ overcentreVOCABULARY REVIEW Fill in the blank with the right form of the word from the box. microscopic particle multiply combat recognize viral eliminate minor 1. The shampoo is said to bad knots 2 Doctors are trained to _______the symptoms of different diseases. 3 Dust____have gotten into the motor and it isn't working properly. 4 infections are harder to fight than those caused by bacteria. 5 Amove towards healthy eating could help heart disease. 6 There are millions of ___ animals in a single drop of seaweter. SUMMARY ‘a Complete the exercise by selecting the answer choices in order. Two of them will NOT be used. >) & Other viral diseases have been almost eliminated a) The frst time you catch the flu, you can get very sick ¢. Usually, the flu feels like a bad cold d. Each year, millions of people catch the flu © e. However, the flu kills hundreds of thousands of people every year Cy) FViruses are not realy alive ou 1 The flu is caused by a virus. ou 2 Gy 3 This is because your body can't recognize and fight it. cu 4 cy ao 5 - cu 6 - —VOCABULARY CHECK "4 Match the words with their definitions. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 found demand vote arrest satisfied jail contribute movement pleased, fulfilled ». to do or give something to reach a goal the legal right to express an opinion in an election to capture or catch someone by legal authority ©. toestablish and organize a group of people who act to support their beliefs to request something forcefully to putin prisonBeto e ve You Read 1. Do you think voting is important? Why or why not? 2. What is important for you when deciding who to vote for? ngland has had a democracy for a long time. Until 1918, however, women were not allowed to vote in it. The right to vote is called “suffrage,” and the English women who fought for and won that right were called suffragettes.” [A] ‘The suffragette movement was led by Emmiline Pankhurst. In 1903, she founded an organization called the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU). ‘Members of the WSPU went to the Prime Minister to demand suffrage, but he told them to “be patient.” The suffragettes were not satisfied. [B] ‘The fight for the vote for women became intense and sometimes violent. In 1908, 0 SI ed them! Ives to the fence out Minister's front door! They were arrested and spent weeks in jail. In 1912, hundreds of women took to the streets of London. They broke shop windows and even threw stones at the Prime Minister's house. Thousands of suffragettes were jailed for this and similar actions over the years. [C] World War 1 (1914-1918) proved to be an important event for the women’s movement. Women contributed so much to the war effort as nurses, factory workers, and at other jobs that more people became convinced of their right to vote. Women were finally given that right in January, 1918. [D]LL READING COMPREHENSION 1 Which of the following would be the best title for the reading? a. Democracy in England , Women in World War | ©. How English Women Won the Vote d. The History of Women in English Politics 2 Which is the best place for the following sentence? They wanted change immediately. a. (Al b. (B] c. [Cl 4. 10] 3 The author mentions the underlined sentence in order to stress that suffragettes didn't like the prime minister . to demonstrate that the prime minister was important in the suffragette movement ©. to show how extreme the movement could be d. to prove why the movement became so violent 4 To demand the right to vote, the suffragettes did the following EXCEPT 8. going to the home of the Prime Minister b. becoming violent in the streets spending time in jail attacking the Prime Minister 5 The word ‘their’ refers to a. people b. women ©. workers d. jobs 6 According to the reading, more people began to think that women should have suffrage because a. women fought bravely in World War | b. women did many important jabs during the war ©. they thought that women’s suffrage would help England win the war d. they didn’t want women to be violentVOCABULARY REVIEW Fill in the blank with the right form of the word from the box. found movernent demand contribute arrest vote satisfied 1 The student insisted that teachers be responsible for their failures. 2. The Independent Labor Party was 3 lam 4. After the bank robbery, the robber was captured and taken to in Bradford on January 13%, 1893. — an answer to this important question. Tell me now! 5 The three sons are also to the familly business. 6 Police have just _ the man who made the attacks SUMMARY a Complete the exercise by selecting the answer choices below. One of them will NOT be used. ov Gry oy Cw cu Cu Cy Cv cM a. contributed so much to the war effort d. allowed to vote b. intense and sometimes violent . had serious impact on . founded an organization Until 1918, women were not - in England. Emmiline Pankhurst called the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) in 1903. The fight for the vote for women became : World War | proved to be an important event for the women's movement. Women, that more people became convinced of their right to vote. Women were finally given that right in January, 1918. vcs @VOCABULARY CHECK 4 Match the words with their defi risk fine security defender violate liberty privacy screen tions. protection of a person, building, or country against threats someone who protects a person or place against attack the chance that something will go wrong or badly to test someone or something a legal right to do something; freedom to act against something like a law ‘one's own secrecy to charge an amount of money for breaking a rule1, What do you think about the government's response to terrorism? 2. Do tighter security measures at airports make you feel safer? Why or why not? public spaces. Defenders of civil liberties are worried that our fear of terrorism is a danger to our freedoms and privacy. 5 Now the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) in the US has ordered American airlines to give them data on millions of passengers. This is the country’s latest attempt to improve security checks on airline passengers. The plan is called “Secure Flight.” It compares passenger records, from credit card numbers to addresses, with names on terrorist watch lists. X However, the plan is causing privacy concerns both in the US and abroad. [A] It has been said that European Union data protection officials had “huge concerns” about the US government's first attempt at computerized screening of passengers. [B] That effort was ended because of European fears that the government would have access to too much personal information. 5 {C] If the European Union determines that Secure Flight violates its privacy laws, airlines will have a problem, If they obey the TSA’s orders, they risk being fined by the European Union for violating EU privacy laws. [D] If they obey the European Union, they risk being fined by the United States. ince the terrorist attacks of September 11", 2001, there have been a S lot of discussions about new security measures in airports and otherRE READING COMPREHENSION 1 Whats the topic of the passage? a, The European Union asking airlines for data about passengers b. The question of personal property and US law Privacy concerns in a post-September 11* world The risks that airlines face from the US and the European Union According to the passage, the US government's first plan for computerized screening was accepted by the European Union was ended because of protests from Americans was ended because of protests from Europeans was strongly supported by the airlines eaooe 3 Which is the best place for the following sentence? Overall, this is a very difficult situation for the airlines. a (Al ©. [Bl © (Cl 4. ID} 4 The word ‘they’ refers to EU privacy laws airlines the United States fines 5 Ifthe airlines obey European Union privacy laws, they could be fined by the United States they could be fined by other airlines they won't be able to fly into Europe they won't be able to fly into the United States. eegce 6 Which information is NOT in the passage? a. The new plan is called “Secure Flight.” b. European officials have concerns about computerized screening, ©. Airlines can be fined if they disobey the new laws. . Airline officials are against the new laws. @® Power Content Reading 1VOCABULARY REVIEW Fill in the blank with the right form of the word from the box. security defender risk screen liberty violate privacy fine 1 Thecity's__________were outnumbered. 2 Some candidates were out at the first interview. 3 Whatisthe __of hiring a person without the right skills? 4 After 5 years in jail, the innocent man was given his 5 Drivers who are speeding can expect to be ___ heavily. 6 You should not expect any right to___ when you are out in public. SUMMARY ‘a Complete the exercise by selecting the correct and important answer choices. ‘Two of them will NOT be used. cy a. The European Union may fine the United States b, Sharing data is causing concerns over people's privacy cc. New security measures are changing people's civil liberties 4d. To improve security, the TSA wants data from airline passengers €. Freedoms and privacy are improved by a fear of terrorism f. Airlines are having a hard time deciding what to do42 Unit 10 The Colors of Survival VOCABULARY CHECK adaptation to move very quietly and slowly scare off to frighten away camouflage working well sneak up the different shades and color of something effective colors used for hiding coloration to move silently in order to surprise creep a change in ideas or behaviors for new situations blend to mix with something else* pefore You Rend 1. Can you think of how some animals protect themselves in the wild? 2. If you were an animal in the wild, how do you want to protect yourself? ild animals, there is onl le for survival: eat or n, To F survive in this difficult world, many animals have developed interesting techniques. Some animals make loud noises to scare off their enemies. Others give off a strange and unpleasant smell. The most common way for animals to avoid 5 being scen is to use camouflage to blend in with their environment. Blending in with the environment allows animals to either hide from animals that would want to eat them or sneak up on animals they would like to eat without being seen. Male birds are brightly colored in order to attract mates, but female and baby birds are usually a dull brown or grey. This makes \/icm difficult for their enemies to see. When they stay very still, they blend in with the tree branches around them. I's a very effective protection method, Interestingly, tigers use their coloration for a different reason. The tiger's orange and black stripes blend in with the grass and shadows of the jungle. This allows them to ereep close enough to their prey without being scen, Once the tiger is within striking range, it can leap from the shadows and attack before its prey has time to escape. Whether it’s blending with the environment to eat or to avoid being eaten, camouflage is a great adaptation. The next time you see an animal with interesting colors, ask yourself why the animal is colored the way it is. It may © serve more than making the animal look beautiful.READING COMPREHENSION 1 What would be a good title for this passage? How Animals Survive Hunters and Their Prey Male and Female Animals How to Go Bird Watching epge 2 How are female and baby birds different from males? They are more brightly colored. They are usually a dull grey or brown. They do not sing songs. They are easy for enemies to see. 3 What does the word ‘them’ refer to? male birds mates enemies female and baby birds aege 4 Why do tigers need to be able to blend in with their environment? to be successful hunters to avoid animals that want to eat them to live in the desert to be easier to see 5 Which of the following sentences best expresses the idea of the underlined sentence in the passage? a. Animals do not often survive very long in nature. , In nature, success depends on survival. ©. Some animals are not well-adapted to their environment. d. Every animal has its own survival technique. 6 What can be inferred about lions from the reading? 1. The color of their furis like the color of their environment. b. They sleep most of the day. c. Many other animals hunt them, d. They are brightly colored in order to attract mates. @ Power Content Reading 1VOCABULARY REVIEW Fill in the blank with the right form of the word from the box. adaptation blend camouflage scare off sneak up effective 1 Acchameleon can actually change its color, soitcan_____—————_in with its environment. 2 Snakes along the ground on their stomachs. 3 They have had control of the area since the security forces left. 4. A thick coat of fur is a good for cold weather 5. The army painted the tanks in brown —_ to match the desert 6 Let's ‘on Johnny and give him a good scare! 2 Complete the exercise by selecting the answer choices below. One of them will NOT be used. CX a.in order to attract mates d. get close to their prey >) bhelp them survive «have a light brown color «. see in shadows Cw ow Many animals have special coloring to - Some animals have Cu a, 20088 tp them ide and nat be eaten. For example, female and young bids —_ ___t0 blend in with the trees. Other animals blend in with the Cu environment to without being seen. A tiger's black and orange cy stripes are difficult to ouVocabulary All-in-One 2 Choose the words that are closest in meaning to the underlined words. (1 ~ 5) 1 They were charged with violating federal law. a. creating b. acting against ©. protecting d. stealing She left a large sum of money in her will to found a wildlife park. a. manage b. purchase ©. live @. establish 3 Acommittee has been set up to organize social events in the college. a. postponed b. made c. started Gd. ordered 4 The pepper moth uses camouflage to blend in with the bark of the tree. a. tunnels . coloration ©. chemicals d. rapid movements 5 The spies in the movie had their headquarters deep inside a voleano. @ command post b. mining operation ©. break room @. observation deck @ rovingChoose the correct word for each definition. (6 ~ 10) particle security movement satisfied viral protection of a person, building against threats such as crime something related to a virus 7 an extremely small piece of matter ___ an organized effort to bring about social change a feeling of all needs having been met ‘4 Complete the sentence with the right form of the word from the box. (11 ~ 15) " 12 3 4 5 screen contribute blend effective fine All women over 50 will be for breast cancer. Letting employees come and go is not an way to runa store. For parking on the grass here, the police officer will you $200, _____ the ingredients into a smooth paste. Come to the meeting if you feel you have something to _ ‘Choose the opposite word for each. (16 ~ 20) 16 v7 8 19 folly barren harsh microscopic eliminate ) is _ Seren ae maintain pleasant wisdom very big fertile vocstuley Atinone @Q)United lieexGB VOCABULARY CHECK Match the words with their definitions. 1 figure a. to say that someone has done something wrong 2 flee b. agovernment department finding out enemy secrets 3. secret service c. ahard hit with a hand or a weapon 4. corruption d. dishonesty, illegal behavior 5 accuse ©. a form of pollution produced during a nuclear reaction 6 murder fan important and well-known person 7 blow 9. to run away, to escape 8 radiation h. to kill someone ontent Reading 1* pefore You Read 1. Have you ever wanted to be a spy? 2. What is so interesting about spy stories? A lexander Litvinenko was a key figure in the KGB, the Russian Secret Service. He was a top Russian spy and intelligence man. He also fought against organized crime and corruption in Russia. [A] He lived his entire life surrounded by danger and violence. When he died from radiation 5 poisoning in 2006, peopl not very surprised. Litvinenko had many enemies from a lifetime in the intelligence service. [B] However, new information suggests that Litvinenko was actually murdered by the Russian government. During the early 2000s, Litvinenko and other secret agents were ordered to kill many important Russian politici ins and businessmen. 1 Litvinenko was worried that the government would kill him. (C] He fled the country and tried to enter Turkey and Britain. [D] While he was in Britain, Litvinenko accused Russian president Vladimir Putin of murder and corruption. In the US, he unsuccessfully tried to publish a book about Putin, In the book, he accused Putin of using terrorism to become president and control Russia. In November 2006, Litvinenko died of radiation poisoning. He was poisoned with polonium-210, one of the most dangerous chemicals in the world. His wife Marina believes that the Russian government ordered the murder. Many other people feel the same way. If it is proven true, it would be a huge blow to Russian democracy. wie @READING COMPREHENSION 1 2 What is the best title of the passage? a. The End of A Secret Agency b. The Cold War Finally Ends Who Killed The Spy? England in Trouble The word ‘it’ refers to Litvinenko died of radiation poisoning The Russian government ordered the murder Litvinenko had many enemies Litvinenko was a top Russian spy and intelligence man Which is the best place for the following sentence? This might have been sponsible for his death a. IAI b. [BI ©. {Cl d. ID] Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the underlined sentence in the passage? a. People knew the Russian government would kill him. b. Litvinenko had a cancer. c. People were aware that Litvinenko's job was quite dangerous d. The US government didn't like him. Which of the following is NOT true? a. Alexander Litvinenko worked for the KGB. Litvinenko killed many important American politicians and businessmen. Litvinenko tried to enter Turkey, America, and Britain 4. Litvinenko died of chemical poisoning. ‘What can be inferred about Litvinenko from the reading? a, Nobody knows exactly who killed him yet. b. He wanted to be a professional writer. c. He didn't like what he did for the Russian government. d. He owed a lot of money to gangsters. © ProverconertesingVOCABULARY REVIEW Fill in the blank with the right form of the word from the box. murder blow flee secret service figure corruption accuse radiation 1 The movement is supported by key in the main political party. 2 TheClAis the ____ of the United States of America. 3. In order to escape capture, he has _ ___ to the mountains. 4 The ___ men have been given relatively light sentences. — __ is dangerous because it has no smell or taste. 6 The judge found Michael innocent of oe by selecting the answer choices below. One of them will NOT be used. a. Litvinenko made many enemies . Litvinenko worked for the KGB e . Litvinenko was a politician and businessman d. Litvinenko worried that the government would try to kill eli yenko was poisoned with polonium-210 f. Litvinenko fled the country 099999 ¢ At first, oe oo a. 7 During this time, Asa result, — - For this reason, _ ¢ Unfortunately, 5999-99 vi @VOCABULARY CHECK 2 Match the words with their definitions. 1 place a. surprise, amazement, pleasure 2. structure b. to put, to locate, to move 3. coffin <. creating an extremely positive feeling 4 ramp d, box or chest for burying a dead person 5 wonder e. something that has been built 6 ordinary usual, common 7 impressive 9. earth, dirt 8 soil h. a sloping surface used to access a higher or lower level 52) Power Con1, Have you ever visited pyramids? 2. Why do you think pharaohs built pyramids? T he pyramids are one of the wonders of the ancient world. They were built as tombs for the pharaohs who were the rulers of Egypt. People often wonder how the Egyptians could build such huge structures so long ago. [A] However, with thousands of workers, it may not have been that difficult. The earliest pharaohs built simpler tombs, called mastabas. These were square buildings with room inside for the coffin and some things the pharaohs wanted to take with (hem to the “afterlife” or life after death. [B] Later, pharaohs wanted more impressive tombs, so they began to place piles of earth on top of their mastabas. One of the first of these new tombs is now known as the Step Pyramid, The first truly pointed pyramids were made at Giza. Some experts believe that they began as ordinary mastabas. [C] Then tons and tons of soil were put on top of the tomb, leaving a tunnel to the outside. Next, huge stones were placed all over the outside of the pyramid. To do this, workers built long ramps of dirt and then rolled the stones up the ramps. [D] They made the ramps higher and longer until the top of the pyramid was finished. Then they took the earth ramps away.Se READING COMPREHENSION ‘1 What was probably the author's purpose in writing this reading? To persuade the reader to visit the Pyramids To teach the reader some important facts about the Pyramids To entertain the reader with a story about the Pyramids To show how difficult it was to build pyramids aece 2. Which is the best place for the following sentence? These included toys, weapons, jewels and other items. a IA b. [BI] «. IC IDI 3 Why did the pharaohs build the pyramids? a. They wanted impressive places to live. b. They believed the pyramids would give them life after death c. They wanted impressive tombs. . They showed their military power by building pyramids. 4 Inthe building of a pyramid, which of the following happens FIRST? a. The top of the pyramid was finished, b, Stones were placed on the outside of the pyramid. c. Tons of soils were placed on the tomb. d. Amastaba was built 5 Itcan be inferred from the reading that the Step Pyramid was not built for a pharaoh was not built from a mastaba is not pointed is not large eegse 6 The word ‘them’ refers to a. pharaohs . things: ©. the coffin and the body d. jewels @ Power Content Reading 1VOCABULARY REVIEW Fill in the blank with the right form of the word from the box. ordinary wonder impressive place coffin structure soil ramp 1 We heard lecture on the _____ of space and space exploration. 2 Please __ the dishes on the table. 3. tis easier for Lillian to use the while she is in her wheelchair. 4 itis alan achievement. 5. Itwasa simple _____ made of pine wood. 6 He's a pretty __ kind of guy. SUMMARY ‘a Complete the exercise by selecting the answer choices below. One of them will NOT be used. ©) a. more impressive tombs d. the outside of the pyramid P Ay Peoreinary mastabas «. tombs for the pharaohs c.a tunnel to the outside f. gardens for queens ce > The pyramids were built as , the rulers of Egypt. The earliest pharaohs built mastabas. Later, pharaohs wanted oy so they began to place piles of earth on top of their mastabas. The first truly pointed C2 pyramids were made at Giza. Experts believe that they began as ay: cu Next, huge stones were placed all over = Then tons and tons of soil were put on top of the tomb while leaving .56. VOCABULARY CHECK 4 Match the words with their definitions. 1 2 pioneer hardship dune reminder funeral feature ridge undeveloped tent Reading a. along narrow raised part of a mountain b. asmall hill of sand something causing difficult conditions of life d. an important part of something a ceremony for burying a dead person f. something used to help someone to remember 9. one of the first people to do something important h. not fully grown1. Have you ever wanted to visit a desert? What do you think you will find there? 2, What are some of the problems you would have if you tried to live in the desert? D eath Valley in California is one of the hottest and driest places on Earth. Its average summer temperature is well over 38°C (degrees Celsius), and its average yearly rainfall is less than 5 centimeters. The 210 kilometer-long valley lies in a mostly undeveloped area of desert plains and rocky 5 ridges east of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. [A] The valley got its unpleasant name from gold-seekers, some of whom died there during the 1849 California gold rush. These “Forty-Niners,” the first non- Indians to explore the valley, were followed by other pioneers looking for silver and other precious metals. Each discovery led to the building of new settlements, ‘© but most of these did not survive. The hardships of the settlers are recorded in the names of the valley’s features: Funer: Mountains, Coffin Peak, Starvation Canyon and Dead Man Pass. (B] However, Death Valley National Park consists of more than 13,000 square kilometers of unique scenery and places of historical interest. Yellowstone 5 National Park in Wyoming became the nation’s first national park in 1872. [C] Today, visitors from around the world are attracted to the beauty of the colorful rocks, untouched sand dunes, and rare wildlife. Old mines, ghost towns, and other pieces of evidence give us a view into the lives of the 19% century settlers, and ancient cave paintings and foot-trails remain as reminders of the Indians who lived there even earlier. [D]READING COMPREHENSION 1 Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage? a. Death Valley is famous because it is the hottest place in North America. b. Death Valley got its name from the early settlers who died there while looking for gold. c. Death Valley is a very hot, dry place with an interesting history and beautiful scenery. 4d. Death Valley is in California and is the hottest and driest place on Earth 2 Which is the best place for the following sentence? At over 85 meters below sea level, it is the lowest place in North America. 2 (Al b. [6] c. (Cl) 4. (01 3 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? a. How much rain Death Valley gets in summer b. How long Death Valley is How hot Death Valley is in summer How much rain Death Valley gets in a year 4 According to the passage, which of the following is true? 2, Indians were the first to use the name “Death Valley.” b. Indians lived in the Death Valley area before non-Indians. cc, Many Indians live in Death Valley today. 4d. No gold was ever found in Death Valley. 5 The word ‘these’ refers to pioneers discovery building settlements aegse 6 Which of the following sentences does not belong in the passage? a. Death Valley in California is one of the hottest and driest places on Earth. b. These “Forty-Niners,” the first non-Indians to explore the Valley, were followed by other pioneers looking for silver and other precious metals ©. Old mines, ghost towns, and other evidence give us a view into the lives of the 19" century settlers d. Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming became the nation’s first national park in 1872, @ Power Content Reading 1VOCABULARY REVIEW Fill in the blank with the right form of the word from the box. ridge undeveloped hardship feature funeral reminder pioneer dune 1 Alarge number of people attended the of the president. 2. We walked along the narrow mountain It would be difficult, but exciting to have been one of the American This tour visits the area's best-known natural , including the Gullfoss waterfall. They are planning to put in a baseball field on this - lot. oo 8 w ‘There is a small oasis over the next____. Don't give up yet! SUMMARY a Complete the exercise by selecting the correct and important answer choices. ‘Two of them will NOT be used. a, Cave paintings and foot trails remind people of the Indians ~ — b, Death Valley got its name from gold seekers _)¢. Death Valley is one of the hottest and nicest places on Earth d. The hardships of the settlers are recorded in the names of the valley's features . Today, Death Valley is part of the National Parks f. Visitors to Death Valley National Park love the untouched beauty of the old minesVOCABULARY CHECK “4 Match the words with their definitions. climate swamp coastal native strict tropical endangered occasionally exact, accurate; having definite rules rare; danger of extinction sometimes; from time to time an area of land covered by water the average weather in an area awarm and wet area close to the equator growing or living naturally in a place beside the seaBeto e ve You Read 1. Can you distinguish alligators from crocodiles? 2. Did you know that crocodiles are different from alligators? A lligators and crocodiles are both native to America, and they both belong to the group of animals called crocodilians. They also look similar, and many people might even think they are the same animal. There are several differences that can be used to tell them apart. American alligators are much more common than American crocodiles. Because they hate the cold, alligators live in the southeastern part of the country usually in freshwater lakes and swamps. Their skin is dark with bright stripes and spots of yellow. They eat almost anything they can catch, including fish, birds, and, occasionally people! Until 1970, it was legal to hunt them, but too many were killed for their skins. Now there are striet controls on hunting, and alligators are again numerous in many areas. There are also strict controls on the hunting of deer and other animals. American crocodiles are a bit different. They are even more sensitive to cold, so they live only in the tropical climate of southern Florida. Most crocodiles prefer the saltwater of coastal areas. They are very shy, so people do not often see them in the wild. Their skin is grayish-green or brown, and their heads are longer and more triangle-shaped than that of an alligator. They eat only fish and other water animals. Crocodiles are listed as an endangered species, so they are also protected by US law. Unit 14— READING COMPREHENSION ‘1 What would be the best title for this passage? 2. Alligators and Crocodiles: American Brothers b. Crocodilians: Similarities and Differences c. The Animals of the Swamp d. Hunting Crocodiles: Terror in the Swamp 2 What don't alligators eat? a. Water animals b. Fish ©. Garbage d. People 3 The word ‘them’ refers to alligators people birds crocodiles 4 Which of the following is true? a. Alligators and crocodiles look exactly the same. b. Alligators and crocodiles both prefer warm places ©. Alligators and crocodiles both often hurt people. d. Alligators and crocodiles are both very numerous. 5 Which sentence does NOT belong in the reading? a. They look similar too, so many people might even think they are the same animal. b. Their skin is dark, with bright stripes and spots of yellow. ©. There are also strict controls on the hunting of deer and other animals. d. They eat only fish and other water animals. 6 Which of the following words best describes how the passage is written? a. Chronographic b. Storytelling ©. Comparative d. Argumentative @ Power Content Reading 1VOCABULARY REVIEW Fill in the blank with the right form of the word from the box. tropical ‘occasionally 1 Several __ 2 Iwill 3. The giant panda is a/an swamp, climate coastal native towns were affected by the hurricane. bring my lunch, but I prefer to buy it. animal. 4 The Amazon River basin contains the world's largest 5 Myparents were very 6 The Everglades is a/an SUMMARY a Complete the exercise by selecting the answer choices below. Two of them will NOT be used. ou ou ow a. live only in Florida b. are native to America c. sometimes attack people d. are often hunted today 1 Crocodiles Only 2 Alligators Only with me when | was young in southern Florida. strict endangered rainforest. €. are not often seen in the wild f have stripes g. are protected by law h. feed on deer— VOCABULARY CHECK “1 Match the words with their definitions. 1 2 8 item bridal date back variety by the way groom garter trust GA) Power Content Reading 1 b. d 9. h many different things a man just married or about to be married a band worn to hold up a stocking or sock a single thing in a collection faith, belief belonging or relating to a bride to be traced to a certain point in time in addition, as long as we're on the subject* ve You Read 1, What is your favorite part of a wedding ceremony? 2. Is there any specific thing you want to do in your wedding? Ithough there is a great variety of wedding styles in the United Aw most weddings still follow certain traditions. One such tradition is an old saying that dates back to 19% century England about what a bride should wear or carry: “Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue.” [A] ‘A bride wears “something old” to remind her of her family and the past. Some brides wear their mother's wedding dress or a piece of her jewelry. “Something new" means good luck and hope for a happy future with her new husband. Again, this item may be the dress, but often it is a pair of new shoes. “Something borrowed” means that the bride has friends and family who will help her whenever she needs them. For example, she may wear a married friend's bridal veil or carry a friend’s handkerchief. [B] “Something blue” is a symbol of trust and faith between the bride and groom. These days, some brides are creative with this item. They may paint their fingernails a light blue color for example. [C] However, the blue item is most often the garter worn on the bride’s leg. Another tradition, by the way, says that the groom should take the garter after the ceremony and throw it to the single men. The man who catches it will be the next one to get married. [D] UnitREADING COMPREHENSION 1 Which of the following is a good title for the reading? a. How to Plan a Traditional Wedding b. What You Should Wear on Your Wedding Day c. A Wedding Tradition and Its Meaning d. Different Types of Weddings 2 Toremind her of her family and the past, the bride might @. wear her mother's wedding dress b. wear a pair of new shoes ©. carry a friend's handkerchief 4d. paint her fingernails a light blue color 3. Which item shows that the bride has helpful friends and family? a. Something old b. Something new ©. Something borrowed d. Something blue 4 The word ‘it’ refers to a, item b. dress © future d. luck 5 Which is the best place for the following sentence? Each of these things has a special meaning for the bride. = Al ». [Bl ©. IC} 4. 10) 6 What is the reason the author mentioned int their ils a light blue color? to show how important something blue is because so many brides paint their fingernails a light blue color to show how creative some brides are to explain why some brides don’t use blue gartersVOCABULARY REVIEW Fill in the blank with the right form of the word from the box. bridal groom date back item variety trust garter by the way The bride and ____ exchanged rings. 2 Aproper diet includes a wide ___ of foods. 3. Ihave a large collection of records that to the 1960s 4 She wore a floor length gown in her wedding. 5 | don't want to give the money to Sarah. | don’t _____ her. \ 6 _ , how did your seminar go? 0485 2 t SUMMARY , bagarter . the wedding ring c.a friend's veil f. her mother’s jewelry a oy 1 Something old 2 Something new 3 Something borrowed 4 Something blueVocabularyAllein=On a 1 Choose the words that are closest in meaning to the underlined words. (1 ~ 5) Readers of the magazine wanted more stories about ordinary people. strenuous a b. normal influential retrospective What can we do to protect endangered animals? a. wild b. sick ©. at risk d. dangerous | think we'll find an oasis over the next dune. a. hill b. kilometer c. sand d. horizon like this salad bar. It has great variety. a. vegetables b. choices healthy d. freshness We are having a bridal shower for my sister. a. hot wedding baby birthday @ rvercontioingChoose the correct word for each definition. (6 ~ 10) (pioneer reminder impressive ramp funeral 6 a flat surface used to raise or lower people or items 7 —— something used to bring thoughts back to mind 8 a something that causes a feeling of amazement 9 ___ aservice to remember and bury the dead 10 __aperson who does something for the first time & Complete the sentence with the right form of the word from the box. (11 ~ 15) (hardship feature flee accuse figure 11 The film _________ James Dean as a rebellious teenager. 12 He'sbeen__———S__eeveryone in the class of taking his headphones. 13° The 1930s was a time of economic in much of the UK 14 There are many __ _ to whom | look up. Martin Luther King Jr. is one of them. 15 Allof the boys _ when the principal came around the corner. ‘Choose the opposite word for each. (16 ~ 20) {coastal strict corruption swamp undeveloped 6 — urbanized TF —— = landlocked 6B honesty 19 atest 20 easy-going Vocabulary All-in-One @)VOCABULARY CHECK 1 Match the words with their definitions. military communism takeover inevitably assassinate involvement medium passionate a form of government with industries owned by the state taking part in something to kill someone for political reasons ina way that cannot be avoided the act of taking control by force a country's army, navy and air force having very strong feelings or emotions a way of communicatingBefore e You Read 1, Why do you think communism was considered such an evil idea? 2. Do you agree with the US government's decision to attack Vietnam? Why or why not? V ietnam was America’s largest and bloodiest fight with communism. US involvement in Vietnam started as early as 1944 when American intelligence agents began working secretly there. After the country was divided into North and South in 1959, a series of events seemed to lead inevitably to war. [A] In 1963, there was a military takeover of South Vietnam, and its President Diem was assassinated. The following year, the communist North attacked an American ship, and the US felt that it had to respond. Congress gave President Johnson full power to send troops to the fight. [B] The American people's reaction to the war was so passionate largely because of the new medium of television. For the first time, TV news brought pictures of the bloody battles and dead soldiers right into everyone's living room every evening. People began to realize that the government was not giving them the full truth about the war. Huge demonstrations were organized, the first of which was in Washington in 1965. [C] Even some US soldiers in Vietnam were questioning America’s involvement in the war. They made their protests by wearing peace signs on their uniforms, or by refusing to follow orders. Historians still argue about how much influence the anti-war movement had on government policy, but everyone can agree that both the war and the protests at home left the country feeling broken and battered. [D] wie @———_—_———————————————— READING COMPREHENSION ‘1 Whatis the best title for the passage? a. ABrief History of South Vietnam b. American Support for the War in Vietnam c. The Vietnam War and its Effects on the US . Vietnam: An Unjust War 2 The US first became involved in Vietnam in, Zz a. 1963 b. 1959, c. 1944 d. 1940 3 What caused the US to start sending troops to Vietnam? a. The assassination of President Diem b. The assassination of President Kennedy c. Amilitary takeover by the North Vietnamese d. An attack by the North Vietnamese What was NOT a result of television news about the war? ‘a. Americans did not believe government reports on the war. ». Americans reacted strongly to the loss of US soldiers. c. Many people joined anti-war demonstrations. d, Americans came to understand the war. 5 The word ‘them’ refers to Z a. soldiers b. living room ©. people d. government 6 Which is the best place for the following sentence? Soon, US soldiers started dying, and the anti-war movement began. a (Al b. 1B} «(Cl d. (0) © ee cnetVOCABULARY REVIEW Fill in the blank with the right form of the word from the box. inevitably communism involvement medium, takeover passionate military assassinate 1 Karl Marx was the father of 2 Her _ began to take up too much time. 3 John F. Kennedy was by Lee Harvey Oswald. 4 Mr. Kelly will be coming here next week to discuss the 5 My older brother is finishing up his service in the _ 6 The Italians are said to be the most__ ___ people in Europe. SUMMARY (a Complete the exercise by selecting the answer choices below. One of them will NOT be used. a. TV news hardly talked about the bloody battles and dead sol Cw >, >: Huge demonstrations were organized ¢. Congress gave Pre dent Johnson full power to send troops to the fight CU a there was a tary takeover of South Vietnam, and its President Diem was assassinated © e The communist North attacked an American ship Cw GO First, the country was divided into North and South. Cy Second, tt ———— OD Next, - 7 CU gg ee ee oe a cu Finally, —__ - * guVOCABULARY CHECK @ Match the words with their definitions. 1 provide belief in things unreal or impossible 2. comforting ». specific, special 3. ridicule to make sure or certain 4 particular \, making to feel less sad or anxious 5 superstition to give, to offer ensure relating to actual work and reality rather than imagination 7 irrational not using reason or clear thinking 8 practical to laugh at someone in an unkind wayBefor * a You Read 1. Are you superstitious? Why or why not? 2. Why do you think many people are superstitious? A superstition is a traditional belief in the magical effects of a particular action or thing. Many superstitions are related to luck. For example, breal \g a mirror or spilling salt brings bad luck. On the other hand, canying a rabbit's foot or being bom on a Sunday brings good luck. According to other superstitions, specific actions bring specific results. Guests throw rice at a wedding to ensure that the couple will have many children. Wearing a white wedding dress was made popular by England’s Queen Victoria. And, if a female wedding guest puts a piece of the wedding cake under her pillow at night, she will dream about her future husband. Although many people ridicule such beliefs as irrational and unscientific, some of them may have a practical origin. Hanging garlic around a child’s neck is supposed to provide protection from illness. Garlic may really have this effect, but because the strong smell keeps sick people away from the child! Another superstition states that lighting three cigarettes with one match will bring bad luck. This belief probably began during World War I when at night, a match that stayed lit too long provided a target for the enemy. Every human culture in history has had some superstitious beliefs. Almost all people behave in a superstitious way once in a while. Maybe that is because everyone at sometime feels afraid or uncertain about the future. Superstitions can be comforting. They give people a sense of knowledge and control over what happens to them,FN READING COMPREHENSION ‘1 Whats the topic of the passage? Meanings and origins of superstitions Superstitions from different cultures Superstitions with practical origins Superstitions about health 2 According to the passage, which of the following brings good luck? Spilling salt Lighting three cigarettes Breaking a mirror Carrying a rabbit's foot eege 3 Which of the following sentences does NOT belong in the passage? a. According to other superstitions, specific actions bring specific results. b. Wearing a white wedding dress was made popular by England's Queen Victoria. c. Although many people ridicule such beliefs as irrational and unscientific, some of them may have a practical origin. d. Every human culture in history has had some superstitious beliefs. 4 Itcan be inferred from this passage that all superstitions are related to luck all superstitions have practical origins all superstitions are related to magical effects all superstitions are scientifically proven enge 5 The word ‘them’ refers to 2. superstitions b. people ©. knowledge and control d. beliefs 6 According to the passage, superstitions are common because they . make people feel better have practical origins are often true eaoge are followed by educated people @ Power content Reading 1VOCABULARY REVIEW Fill in the blank with the right form of the word from the box. superstition particular practical ensure ridicule irrational comforting provide 1. The airline is taking steps to safety on its aircraft. 2. She rarely spoke her mind out of fear of being 3. His parents were worried by his increasingly behavior. 4 The service offers young people. ___advice on finding a job. 5 This booklet_____ useful information about local services. 6 Hot soup is very______ ona cold winter's day. SUMMARY a Complete the exercise by selecting the correct and important answer choices. Two of them will NOT be used. >) a Superstitions are traditional beliefs with magical effects a,b Mueen Vitoria was very superstitious ¢. True or not, superstitions may be comforting Ow a Every superstition is related to luck ©) e Many people think superstitions are unscientific >) F Some superstitions may have practical origins ouMines tik Olympic Games VOCABULARY CHECK (4 Match the words with their definitions. 1 2 6 declare truce ban spectator take place participant dedicate colony to give or offer something for certain purposes a person taking part in an activity an area controlled by a more powerful country to happen, to occur a viewer of an event a brief pause in fighting to announce something publicly or officially to not allow officially1. Why do you think people are so fascinated by the Olympics? 2. What do you think about different countries competing against each other? T he ancient Olympic Games were first held in 776 BC in honor of Zeus, the father of the Greek gods. [A] They were quite different from the modem Olympics. They were shorter than the modem Games lasting only one to five days. The modern Games last two weeks. [B] There also were fewer events including running, boxing, and long jump. [C] Only men who spoke Greek were allowed to compete, and women were not even allowed to watch the events. [D] While today’s Games move to a different city each time, the ancient Games were always held in Olympia. Olympia was probably chosen because it had a famous temple dedicated to Zeus. It was also convenient to reach by ship, and this was important because participants and spectators came from distant Greek colonies for the Games. These color were as far away as modem-day Turkey, Spain, Egypt, and Ukraine, Like today’s Olympics, the ancient Games took place every four years. Another similarity between the ancient and modem Games is the promotion of peace and cooperation. A truce among the different Greek cities was declared for the month before the Olympics in order to allow the athletes to arrive safely. Judges could fine cities and ban their athletes from competition for breaking the truce. Today, the goal of the International Olympic Committee is to bring “warm friendship to all the people of the world through sharing and global togetherness.” wis @READING COMPREHENSION Which of the following is the best title for the passage? The Ancient and Modern Olympics: Differences and Similarities a b. How the Olympics Began Similarities Between the Ancient and Modern Olympics How the Olympics Have Changed Which of the following is NOT true of the ancient Olympics? They did not include women. They were always held in Olympia. c. They had fewer events than the modern games. They were longer than the modem Games. a b. According to the passage, Olympia was a good place for the Games because a. it was the most important city in Greece b, it was easy to travel to c. many athletes lived there d. it had the largest temple in Greece The word ‘their’ refers to a. Olympics b. judges: c. athletes d. cities It can be inferred from the passage that ancient Greek cities almost never broke the truce judges of the ancient Games were involved in government the different ancient Greek cities sometimes fought each other athletes often fought each other during the ancient Games Which is the best place for the following sentence? Today's Games, of course, are open to everyone. a. [Al b. [BI ce. [C] , (DI @ rove cnerteingVOCABULARY REVIEW Fill in the blank with the right form of the word from the box. dedicate participant colony take place spectator truce declare ban 1 The country __ independence in 1952 2 The church was - on March 1*, 1805 to Saint Jude. 3. After years of rivalry, the two companies have agreed to a/an - 4 The free event will _____ from 7:00 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. 5 The film was ____ in several countries 6 _____in the front row will have the best view. SUMMARY a Complete the exercise by selecting the answer choices below. ‘Two of them will NOT be used. ) a. do/did not allow spectators d. are/were two weeks long b. have/had only male athletes . have/had participants from Greece only ¢. occur/oceurred every four years f. are/were always held in the same place 1 The Modern Olympics 2 The Ancient OlympicsUnit 19 LoVe Cela iteterene VOCABULARY CHECK <4 Match the words with their definitions. 1 defect to move to a new place 2. resident a person who lives or has their home in a place 3. protest © to act upon one's displeasure over something 4 sue d. amedical condition which makes breathing difficult 5 asthma ©. to take legal action against a person or organization 6 incident to be like a certain group of things 7 typical 3. something(usually bad) that happens 8 relocate ). something that is wrong with someone's bodyBefore You Read 1, What do you think about environmental disasters like Chernobyl? 2. What should companies do about toxic waste? D uring the 1960s and 70s, Love Canal was a typical small town in Niagara Falls, New York. Peopk up and live ir lives the ¢_ way as thi le in_am mall town all ov country. Unfortunately, the residents of Love Canal didn’t know that something was happening in their town that would soon become national news. [A] In 1942, before the town was built, the Hooker Corporation bought land in Love Canal. For the following 10 years, the company buried more than 21,000 tons of toxic waste there. When they could no longer bury any more toxic waste, the Hooker Corporation sold the land back to the town. Houses were built on the spot. Over the years, children of these families began to get sick. More than half of the children born in Love Canal had asthma, breathing problems, and horrible birth defects. [B] When people heard about the problems in Love Canal, they began to protest. Soon, the news media began reporting the story. [C] The Love Canal families were relocated, and the Hooker Corporation was forced to pay $129 million. [D] The Love Canal Incident shows just how horrifying the problem of toxic waste can be. Many people wonder how many other sites around the world are filled with toxic waste. There is one piece of good news, though. The Love Canal Incident also showed that these companies could be sued successfully. This may make them think twice before destroying people's lives. ves @READING COMPREHENSION 1 What is the best title of the passage? Love Canal: A Family Place A Tragic Event The Secret of Pollution ‘The Clever Hooker Cooperation 2 Which is the best place for the following sentence? A disaster was developing. a Wl b. IBI ©. IC] 4. (D} 3 The word ‘them’ refers to companies wastes people sites aoece 4 What did the Hooker Corporation do with the land after they finished using it? a, They closed it to visitors. b. They sold it back to the town. c. They built a park on it. d. They built a highway on it 5 What can be inferred from the reading? 2. Love Canal was famous even before the accident. b. The Hooker Corporation didn’t buy land in Love Canal to bury toxic wastes. ©. Children in Love Canal suffered from the shortage of medical system. d, Not many companies were sued successfully before the incident 6 The author mentioned the underlined sentence in order to a. introduce a good place to live in b. show why the Hooker Corporation chose the place ©. show that Love Canal was just like other towns d. indicate that toxic wastes are usually buried in small towns @ rrerconenteicgVOCABULARY REVIEW the blank with the right form of the word from the box. sue resident protest relocate defect asthma incident typical 1 The local___ were angry at the lack of parking spaces. 2 Those people holding the signs are the war, 3 Many diseases are caused by genetic 4 My company is planning to. me to Paris. 5 You're in trouble, but we can overlook this if you behave 6 The school hadto____ the company for the food contamination. SUMMARY ‘a Complete the exer by selecting the answer choices below. One of them will NOT be used. CX) % The problems in Love Canal became national news b. The Hooker Corporation buried tons of toxic waste in Love Canal cy c. Children started being born with horrible health problems Xd. The Hooker Corporation had to pay a huge fine for its actions 2) & The residents of Love Canal didn't know that something was happening in their town cu First, the Hooker Corporation bought a lot of land in Love Canal. Cy Second, - - Cu OD Next, YS, oy Final, - ovUnit 20, Mary Shelley's Frankenstein VOCABULARY CHECK 2 Match the words with their definitions. torment a person believing in the power of women unintended very well known and important disgust a person that you have met but do not know well suspect to show strong feelings of dislike 5 prominent hopelessness, depression 5 despair to cause a person or animal to suffer acquaintance to not trust, to doubt 8 feminist not plannedBefore You Read 1, Do you know the story of Frankenstein? 2. Do you think it is possible to make a monster? M:” Wollstonecraft Shelley, author of Frankenstein, was born to write. Her mother was one of the world’s first feminist writers, and her father was a prominent journalist and political author. As Mary was growing up, her parents’ acquaintances included the great poets William Blake and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Mary herself published her first poem at the age of ten, When she was sixteen years old, she ran away with another famous poet, Percy Bysshe Shelley. They married four years later. In the summer of 1816, Mary and Percy were visiting their friend Lord Byron. Byron challenged her to write a horror story. Mary had heard from her husband about recent experiments in which scientists used electricity to make dead animals’ muscles move. She decided to write about a scientist, Dr. Victor Frankenstein, who brings a dead man back to life in the same way. The book was completed a year later when Mary was only nineteen. Frankenstein brought Mary fame when it was published in 1818 although at first some people doubted that a nineteen-year-old woman could have written it. ‘They suspected that her husband was the true author. In the novel, the “monster” that Dr. Frankenstein creates is intelligent and longs for friendship, but other people reject him out of terror and disgust at his strange appearance. In despaii the monster torments and kills the man who had created him. The novel uses a frightening and suspenseful story to show how modern science can have terrible, unintended results. Mary Shelley wrote several more novels, but none of them achieved as much popularity as Frankenstein.READING COMPREHENSION 1 Whats the topic of the passage? a. Mary Shelley's writing career bb. The author and history of Frankenstein c. The popularity of Frankenstein d. The major events of Mary Shelly's life Which of the following is NOT true of Mary Shelley? Her parents were both writers. She married Percy Bysshe Shelley at the age of sixteen. c. She wrote Frankenstein in a year. d a b She wrote Frankenstein in response to a challenge from Byron It can be inferred from the passage that Frankenstein a. was Mary Shelley's first novel was the most popular novel of its time c. was partly written by Lord Byron d. was Mary Shelley's only novel According to the passage, which of the following is true of Frankenstein? 4. Most people today think that Percy Shelley wrote it. b. Itis about a scientist with a strange and frightening appearance c. Mary Shelley used scientific ideas in writing it. d. It describes a monster with no human feelings. 5 The word ‘him’ refers to a. husband b. monster c. Dr, Frankenstein d. None of the above Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the underlined sentence in the passage? 2, Shelley's husband wrote the novel b. Shelley was a habitual lar. People did not believe that a young woman could write so well ‘There were too many dishonest writers at that time.VOCABULARY REVIEW Fill in the blank with the right form of the word from the box. feminist prominent torment disgust despair suspect acquaintance unintended 1 Toher teacher's ___., Nicole never does the work that she's told to do. 2 The animals are mercilessly by flies and mosquitoes. 3. After reading ______ philosophy, Jodi began to hate male society. 4 The government should be playing a more role in promoting human rights. 5 Dizziness is a/an side effect of the medicine. 6 | borrowed this pencil from a/an . but I don't remember who. SUMMARY a Complete the exercise by selecting the correct and important answer choices. Two of them will NOT be used. Ow a. Mary Shelley's husband was actually the author of Frankenstein b. In Mary Shelley's book, a doctor brings a man back to life using electricity oO a ¢. Lord Byron challenged Mary Shelley to write a horror story CU a Mary Shelley had heard about experiments with life and electricity ©) &. Mary Shelley was the first writer in her family Cf Mary ran away with Percy Shelley and married him cu oO — dy oo cy * ov oO "- —VocabularyAll=in-One ‘Choose the words that are closest in meaning to the underlined words. (1 ~ 5) 1 The concert takes place in December every year. a. produces b. changes happens d. obtains She rarely spoke her mind out of fear of being ridiculed. 2. laughed at . honored ©. requested made The government will ban killing rhinoceroses later this year. encouraged b. forbidden advertised d. legalized 4 — We suspected his motives. We thought he was trying to cheat us. 2. supported b. sustained . doubted believed 5 Their arguments inevitably end in tears. a. accidentally b. finally c. absolutely gradually‘4 Choose the correct word for each definition. (6 ~ 10) acquaintance superstition resident colony ) 6 _____ the feeling that there is no hope to improve a bad situation 7 - belief related to unreal things 8 an area controlled by a mote powerful and often distant country 9 a someone who calls a certain place home 10 someone with whom you interact, but who is not a friend ‘.Complete the sentence with the right form of the word from the box. (11 ~ 15) {relocate truce assassinate defect declare 11 After years of rivalry, the two companies have agreed toa 12 There are somany in our education system, 13 If the factory was to__, the residents would lose their jobs. 14 They have _ their support for the proposal 15 ClAuncovered a plot to __ ____ the Queen, ‘4 Choose the opposite word for each. (16 ~ 20) (practical passionate typical irrational "prominent 6 __ distinct ~. = logical Bw - theoretical 19 - —— unknown 20 —— ___ unemotional