Supporting Information

Phase Transformation of Ce3+ Doped MnO2 for Pseudocapacitive

Electrode Materials

Kunfeng Chen, Wei Pan and Dongfeng Xue*

State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
*E-mail: dongfeng@ciac.ac.cn; Tel: +86 411 85262294

a b c

d e f

Fig. S1 SEM images of Ce-doped MnO2 materials with different Ce3+ amounts.

S1
 Fig. S2 SEM images of β-MnO2 materials.

3+
0.5 mmol Ce
Transmittance

3+
0 0.00 mmol Ce
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
-1
Wavenumber (cm )

Fig. S3 IR spectrum of Ce-doped MnO2 materials with different Ce3+ amounts.

S2
Table S1 Comparison of specific capacitances of the reported MnO2 electrodes and the
present work. All values are measured using the three-electrode system.

Samples Phase of Specific capacitance Current density Electrolyte Ref.

−1 −1
MnO2 (F g ) (A g )
0.5V-MnO2 α 439 0.5 0.5 M Na2SO4 (1)
nanosheets
0.125V-MnO2 α 102 0.5 0.5 M Na2SO4 (1)
nanorods
MnO2 spheres α 257.3 0.05 0.5 M Na2SO4 (2)
Y/ZrO2@MnO2 α 282.1 0.05 0.5 M Na2SO4 (2)
spheres
α-MnO2 hollow α 123 2 mV/s 0.5 M Na2SO4 (3)
urchins
CeO2 δ 255.2 0.25 1.0 M Na2SO4 (4)
nanowire@MnO2
nanostructure
α- MnO2 α 258.7 0.1 1.0 M Na2SO4 (5)
spherical-like
particle
Mesoporous α-MnO2 α 283 2 mV/s 1.0 M Na2SO4 (6)
network
α-MnO2 ultralong α 345 1 A/g 0.5 M Na2SO4 (7)
nanowire
α-MnO2 spheres α 200 1 A/g 0.5 M Na2SO4 (8)
Ce doped MnO2 α 101.1 1 A/g 1.0 M Li2SO4 This
nanorods work

References:
(1) Hu, Z.; Xiao, X.; Huang, L.; Chen, C.; Li, T.; Su, T.; Cheng, X.; Miao, L.; Zhang, Y.;
Zhou, J. 2D Vanadium Doped Manganese Dioxides Nanosheets for Pseudocapacitive
Energy Storage. Nanoscale 2015, 7, 16094-16099.
(2) Zhang, Y.; Zhai, Y. Preparation of Y-doped ZrO2 Coatings on MnO2 Electrodes and
Their Effect on Electrochemical Performance for MnO2 Electrochemical
Supercapacitors. RSC Adv. 2016, 6, 1750–1759.
(3) Wang, J. G.; Yang, Y.; Huang, Z. H.; Kang, F. Shape-Controlled Synthesis of
Hierarchical Hollow Urchin-Shape Α-MnO2 Nanostructures and Their Electrochemical
Properties. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2013, 140, 643-650.
(4) Zhu, S.; Jia, J.; Wang, T.; Zhao, D.; Yang, J.; Dong, F.; Shang, Z.; Zhang, Y. X.
Rational Design of Octahedron and Nanowire CeO2@MnO2 Core–Shell
Heterostructures with Outstanding Rate Capability for Asymmetric Supercapacitors.
Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, 14840-14843.
(5) Zhang, Y.; Li, G.; Lv, Y.; Wang, L.; Zhang, A.; Song, Y.; Huang, B. Electrochemical
S3
 Investigation of MnO2 Electrode Material for Supercapacitors. Int. J. Hydrogen
Energy, 2011, 36, 11760-11766.
(6) Yu, L. L.; Zhu, J. J.; Zhao, J. T. Three-Dimensional Network Mesoporous
Nanostructured α-Manganese Dioxide with High Supercapacitive Performance: Facile,
Environmental and Large-Scale Synthesis. Eur. J. Inorganic Chem. 2013, 2013,
3719-3725.
(7) Li, W.; Liu, Q.; Sun, Y.; Sun, J.; Zou, R.; Li, G.; Hu, X.; Song, G.; Ma, G.; Yang, J.
MnO2 Ultralong Nanowires with Better Electrical Conductivity and Enhanced
Supercapacitor Performances. J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 14864-14867.
(8) Zhang, Y.; Sun, C.; Lu, P.; Li, K.; Song, S.; Xue, D. Crystallization Design of MnO2
Towards Better Supercapacitance. CrystEngComm 2012, 14, 5892−5897.

S4