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Main Objective :
Hydrological analysis of bridges is outmost important task in highway projects. Estimation of design flood/discharge
for the design of different types of hydraulic structures is a very significant component of hydrological studies. Proper
estimation of design flood value is of great importance. While a higher value of design flood results in increase in the
cost of the cross drainage structures, an under estimated value is likely to place the structure at great risk. The main
Objective of the hydrological and hydraulic study is to determine the required size of drainage structures to allow the
estimated design flow of the streams to cross the alignment safely and to check whether waterways of existing
structures are sufficient to transmit the flow without risk so that appropriate decisions could be taken concerning
their rehabilitation.
The hydrological and hydraulic study for the project has been based on:
a) Assessment of the catchment of streams crossing the project stretch and determination of discharge by
various methods.
b) Safety of the proposed cross drainage structures/Existing Structures in the event of extreme flood i.e.
estimation of design flood.
c) Determination of waterway required to pass the design flood safely.
d) Determination of Design HFL corresponding to the design flood.
Data Collection And Data Analysis :
The hydrological study aims at estimating the peak design of the flood generated by the run-off of rainfall within the
catchment area. The hydrological study requires:
B) DATA COLLECTION
Topographic surveys have been done at all the major and stream crossings with a view to obtain the cross section of
the water channels at the centre line of the road and upto a reasonable distance at upstream and downstream. The
high flood levels (HFL) have been obtained from existing flood marks or ascertained from local enquiry.
The characteristics of the catchment areas have been ascertained from Bhuvan (ISRO Portal) from which catchment
area at the proposed bridge site, length of the stream and fall in elevation from originating point to the point of
crossing could be determined.
India has been divided into 26 hydro meteorologically homogenous sub zones. The corridor of the proposed project is
in lower yamuna Sub-Zone 1C it lies in the state of MADHYAPRADESH. For reference, CWC flood estimation report of
this subzone has been used.
The following methods can be used to estimate the peak discharge for bridge sites on major and minor streams.
1) Dickens's Formula
2) Rationale Method
1) DICKEN’S FORMULA
Dicken’s formula is commonly used for computation of flood discharge based on catchment area of the
stream. (Ref. clause 4.2 of IRC: SP: 13-2004)
Q = C * M(3/4)
Where:
A = Catchment area in Sq. km.
C = Run-off coefficient which depends on the topography, annual rainfall, type of soil,
Vegetation, ground slope, climate of the region, etc.
Total catchment area (A) as per Bhuvan ( ISRO Portal ) = 2.38 Sq. km.
Q1 = C*M
(3/4)
= 14 x 2.377 ^(3/4)
= 26.80 Cum/s
2) RATIONALE METHOD
a)
According to IRC SP-13 the peak run-off for given cathment area at any location is given by.
𝑄=0.028∗𝑃∗𝐴∗𝐼_𝑐
where,
𝑖_𝑐=𝐹/𝑇∗((𝑇+1)/(𝑡+1))
where,
𝑄=0.028∗𝑃∗𝐴∗𝐼_𝑐
Total catchment area (A) as per Bhuvan ( ISRO Portal ) = 2.38 Sq. km.
= 1.75 Km
Distance from the critical point to the structure in km (L)
= 8.00 m
Fall in level from the critical point to the structure in m (H)
= 0.81 Hrs
The concentration time in hours (tc) (1.75^3/8*0.87)^0.385
= 8.83 Cm/hr
Critical intensity of rain fall in cm/hr is (8/1)*((1+1))/(0.81+1)
The design discharge is taken as highest of the discharges obtained from various methods. However the general
condition laid down in IRC SP-13, 2004, Cl. 6.2 has been used to fix the design discharge that is if the discharge
obtained by one method is greater than 1.5 times the discharge obtained from the other, the discharge should be
limited to 1.5 times of the smaller one. Following are the design discharge of various bridges under consideration
n3= Manning's roughness cofficient with clean bank with weeds = 0.03
at center at Proposed Bridge
Hydraullic Discharge
Elevation Wetted Area Wetted Perimeter Velocity (V)
Radius (Q3)
in m (A) (P) (m/sec)
(R=A/P) (Cum/sec)
ELEVATION
STAGE DISCHARGE CURVE
70.00
60.00
50.00
DISCHARGE
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
73.56 74.06 74.56 75.06 75.56 76.06
Discharge 5.18 14.34 24.99 36.42 48.30 60.48
= 76.155 m
Minimum Soffit level required (HFL+Free board)
Hence OK
As Per IRC 78, 2014 Clause 703 the mean scoure depth shall be calculated as
dsm〖=1.34(〖𝐷𝑏〗^2/𝐾𝑠𝑓)〗^(1/3)
Where
Db =
The design discharge for foundation per metre width of effective waterway
Ksf = Silt factor for a representative sample of bed material obtained upto
the level of anticipated deepest scour
or =1.76〖dm〗^1/2
Hence Ok
Hence Ok
NOTE:- The raft of box culvert is kept 0.6m below ground level (as per irc sp13, 2014). The protection work
is provided both side (u/s & d/s) as per irc sp13, 2014 to avoid the scouring.
ANNEXURE-1