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    BS 599 (1966) Methods of Testing Pumps

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    Alexander Gotte

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    METHODS OF TESTING PUMPS B.S, 599 : 1966 BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER BRITISH STANDARDS HOUSE, 2 PARK ST., LONDON, W.1 TELEGRAMS: STANDARDS LONDON WI TELEPHONE: MAYFAIR 3000 UDC 621.65.01 AMD 1920 Amendment Slip No.1, published 31 March 1976 : to B.S. 599 : 1966 : Methods of testing pumps NOTE. This amendment has deen issued to delete Class C test requirements from 4 B.S. $99 : 1966. Where there is no direct reference to Class A, B and C test requirements, the text shouid not be deleted. + Revised text Delete all references to Class C tests in the standard. Foreword. Add the following after NOTE 2 at the end of the Foreword: “NOTE 3. Except for the hydraulic pressure test (Clause 5) the requirements for Class C tests are given in B.S, $316, “Acceptance tests for centrifugal, mixed flow and axial pumps’, Part 1, ‘Class C tests',’ B.S. 599 : 1966 ‘Tuts British StanparD, having been approved by the Mechanical Engineering Industry Standards Committee and endorsed by the Chairman of the Engineering Divisional Council, was published under the authority of the General Council on 22nd February, 1966, First published, 1935. First revision, May, 1939. ‘Second revision, February, 1966, j i The Institution desires to call attention to the fact that this ‘ British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary | t i provisions of a contract. This standard makes reference to the following British Standards: BS. 89. Electrical indicating instruments. BS. 269. Rules for methods of declaring efficiency of electrical machinery (excluding traction motors). BS. 353. Methods of testing water turbine efficiency, BS. 1042. Methods for the measurement of fluid flow in pipes. Part. 1. Orifice plates, nozzles and venturi tubes, Part 2. Pitot tubes*, BS. 1780. Bourdon tube pressure and vacuum gauges. BSS. 3435. Measurement of electrical power and energy in acceptance testing. B.S, 3680, Methods of measurement of liquid flow in open channels. Part 2A. Dilution methods. Constant rate injection. Part 3, Velocity area methods. | Part 4A. Thin plate weirs and venturi flumes. British Standards are revised, when necessary, by the issue either of amendment slips or of revised editions, It is important that users of British Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or editions. * * In the course of preparation. ‘The following B.S.I. references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MEE/29 and MEE/29/4. Draft for comment AB(MEE)2965. 2 CONTENTS Page Co-operating organizations 6 Foreword 7 SECTION ONE: GENERAL 1, Scope 8 2. Classes of measurement 8 SECTION TWO: SYMBOLS AND TERMINOLOGY 3. Symbols 9 4, Terminology 10 BS. 599: SECTION THREE: TEST PROCEDURE AND STANDARD INSTALLATION CONDITIONS 5. Hydraulic pressure test 13 6. Duration and range of performance test 3 7. Control of head 13 8. Test arrangements 13 a. Standard test conditions 13 6. Pumping installation under standard condi- tions 16 c. Pumping installation under submerged conditions 16 d. Borehole and deep-well pumps 16 ¢. Self-priming pumps 7 f. Pumping installation under non-standard conditions 7 SECTION FOUR: PROCEDURE FOR MEASUREMENT OF HEAD, DISCHARGE, SPEED AND POWER INPUT 9. General 24 SUB-SECTION A, MEASUREMENT OF HEAD 10, Pressure tapings and instrament connecting lines 24 a. Inlet head 24 6, Outlet head 27 ¢. Special layouts 29 11, Pump total head 29 12, Instruments for pressure measurement 2 SUB-SECTION B. MEASUREMENT OF DISCHARGE 13. General 33 14. Weighing tank method 3 1966 BS, 599 : 1966 CONTENTS—continued 15, Volumetric tank method 33 16. Uncalibrated orifice plates, venturi tubes and nozzles 34 17. Uncalibrated notches, weirs and flumes 35 18. Dilution method of fiow measurement— constant rate injection 35 19. Velocity area method of flow measurement 35 SUB-SECTION C, MEASUREMENT OF SPEED AND PUMP POWER INPUT 20, Measurement of speed 37 21. Measurement of pump power input 31 a. Measurement of torque 38 b. Electric power measurements 38 c. Types and grades of measuring devices 39 SUB-SECTION D. OVERALL EFFICIENCY OF A PUMPING UNIT 22, Overall efficiency SUB-SECTION E, FLUCTUATIONS AND VARIATIONS IN READINGS AND LIMITS OF{ERROR 23. Permissible fluctuations in readings and use of damping 40 24, Limits of error At SECTION FIVE: CAVITATION TESTING 25. General 44 26. Measurement of pressure 44 27. Measurement of temperature and vapour pressure 28. Measurement of discharge 45 29, Pump power input 45 30, Interpretation of results 45 SECTION SLX: TESTS WITH VAPORIZING LIQUIDS 31. General 45 32, Method of test 45 SECTION SEVEN: TESTS WITH VISCOUS LIQUIDS 33. General 46 34. Measurement of pressure 46 35, Measurement of discharge 46 36. Measurement of temperature 46 37. Measurement of viscosity 4I 38. Permissible variation in viscosity 47 4 BS. 599 3 1966 CONTENTS—continued SECTION EIGHT; TESTING OF PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS CONTAINING SUSPENDED SOLIDS 39, General 48 40, Capability of dealing with solids 48 41, Measurement of duty and efficiency 48 42. Measurement of discharge 49 43, Measurement of weight density 49 APPENDICES A. The estimation and analysis of limits of error 50 B. Effect of installations and conditions 63 C. Model testing and tests at modified speeds 64 D. Values of some U.K, units in terms of SI units 66 TABLES 1, Types and grades of measuring devices 39 2. Maximum permissible fluctuations in readings for Class A, B and C measurements 40 3. Permissible damped fluctuations for Class A, B and C measurements 41 4, Maximum permissible limits of uncertainty 42 5, Limits of variation between repeated measure- ments of the same quantity 43 6. Permissible variations in kinematic viscosity 47 FIGURES 1. Illustration defining the positional datum for different types of impeller pumps 12 2, Flow normalizer 14 3, Arrangements of single tapings and ring connections for measurement of head using manometers 18-21 4, Arrangement of single tapings and ring connections for measurement of head using Bourdon gauges 22.23 5. Device for measuring pressure-plus-velocity- * head and location of measuring points 31 6. Baffle tank and arrangement for varying inlet pressure 32 BS. 599 : 1966 CO-OPERATING ORGANIZATIONS The Mechanical Engineering Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and Industrial organizations: Associated Offices’ Technical Committee Association of Consulting Engineers . Association of Mining Electrical and Mechanical Engineers Board of Trade . “British Chemical Plant Manufacturers’ Association British Compressed Air Society a. "British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers’ Association British Gear Manufacturers’ Association _. British Internal Combustion Engine Manufacturers’ Association British Iron and Steel Federation “British Mechanical Engineering Federation “British Railways Board ‘Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations “Electricity Council, The Generating Board and the Area Boards in England and Wales Engineering Equipment Users’ Association Gas Council “Institute of Marine Engineers ‘Institute of Civil Engineers Institution of Gas Engineers . “Institution of Heating and Ventilating Engineers “Institution of Mechanical Engineers . Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Automobile Division) Institution of Production Engineers a Locomotive and Allied Manufacturers’ Association of Great Britain London Transport Board Machine Tool Trades Association Ministry of Defence, Army Department Ministry of Defence, Navy Department Ministry of Labour (H.M. Factory Inspectorate) Ministry ‘of Power Ministry of Public Building and Works "Ministry of Technology—-National Engineering Laboratory Ministry of Transport “National Coal Board National Physical Laboratory (Ministry of Technology) Radio Industry Council Royal Institute of British Architects . The Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the Committee entrusted with the preparation of this standard: Association of Hydraulic Equipment Manufacturers British Hydromechanics Research Association British Pump Manufacturers Association Institution of Electrical Engineers Institution of Mining Engineers Institution of Water Engineers Metropolitan Water Board B.S. 599 : 1966 BRITISH STANDARD METHODS OF TESTING PUMPS FOREWORD ‘This British Standard which has been prepared under the authority of the Mechanical Engineering Industry Standards Committee forms one of a séries providing methods of test for pumps. It supersedes B.S. 599, 1939 and also: B.S, 722 : 1937. Borehole and well pump tests. B.S. 723 : 1937. Sewage pump tests. BS. 724 : 1937. Vaporizing liquid pump tests. Standard arrangements and procedures are described for testing a pump individually without reference to its final installation conditions, or the effect tupon it of any associated fittings. These will be the usual conditions in which a plump is tested at the maker's works. Pump performance may be affected by conditions of the final site installation and procedures are described for carrying out ‘ Standard tests’ on certain types of installation of which an overall performance is required. The conditions in which pumps are finally installed, however, often do not permit reliable test measurements, and recommendations are made concerning the procedure to be adopted where the Jayout precludes tests in conformity with the standard or where installation tests are required which cover plant ancillary to the pump itself. ‘Since the publication of this British Standard in 1939, much experimental evidence has been obtained, not only on the flow conditions at the inlet and the outlet of pumps, but also on the precautions necessary when using various methods of measuring flow and head. It has now been established that high standards of accuracy cannot be obtained by using some of the simple and convenient methods of measurement hitherto recommended. The standard lays down different methods of measuring pressure, discharge and power, and these have been placed in three Classes, A, B and C, in descending order of accuracy, and the degree of accuracy to be expected in each class is specified in Section Four. It is expected that the methods of measurement used for testing the majority of pumps will be those classified as Class C. The methods of measurement classi- fied as Class B may be employed where a higher degree of accuracy is required. j Class A methods of measurement will necessitate laboratory conditions, and . may be employed exceptionally on tests where the attainment of high accuracy is held to justify the greatly increased time and cost expended; such tests might for instance, be undertaken on prototypes or models of very large pumps which could not themselves conveniently be tested. Tests may be made in which the methods of measurement do not all fall into I 7 B.S, 599 : 1966 one class and the method of arriving at the combined limit of ertor when cal- culating the pump efficiency is described in Appendix A. Notes on the estimation of limits of error, and the effect of disturbed flow on head measurements are given in Appendices A and B. Acknowledgement is made to British Hydromechanics Research Association Reports numbers SP 625 and PR 685 for the material for Fig. 2a and Fig. 26. NOTE 1. Where metric equivalents are stated the figures in British units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric conversions are approximate. More accurate conversions should be based on the tables in B.S. 350, * Conversion factors and tables, NOTE 2, In place of the customary, but incorrect, use of the pound and kilogramme as units of force, the units called pound-force (abbreviation Ibf) and kilogramme-force (abbre~ viation kgf) have been used in this standard. These are forces which when acting on a body of mass one pound, or kilograrme respectively, give it an acceleration equal to that of standard gravity. METHODS SECTION ONE: GENERAL SCoPE 1. This British Standard specifies the methods to be employed in the determina- tion of the performance and efficiency of pumps handling fivids which behave as homogeneous liquids, ‘The formulae quoted are based on the assumption that the liquid handled is clean water at a temperature of 62°F (166°C) with a weight density of 6235 Ib/ft? (098-75 kgim%), It also includes details of the special precautions to be taken where the tests are to be carried out using liquids which are hot, are viscous, are liable to evolve vapour or gases, vary in density or contain solids in suspension. The standard does not specify requirements for the testing of oil hydraulic positive displacement (OHPD) pumps. CLASSES OF MEASUREMENT 2. To facilitate estimation of the accuracy with which test is conducted, methods of measurement are specified in three classes, A, B and C, in descending order of accuracy. The procedures applicable for measurement in each class are laid down in the following sections, and the choice of method may be made in accordance with the requirements of the test. ‘A 95 per cent degree of confidence is used throughout this standard. The estimated limits of error corresponding to this degree of confidence in derived quantities (for example efficiency) can be calculated in accordance with the provisions for Appendix A. ‘The limits of uncertainty laid down in this standacd are those applicable to measurements taken and to the quantities calculated therefrom; they do not apply to discrepancies between specified and actual performance. 8 3. SECTION TWO: SYMBOLS AND THRMINOLOGY swvmors Discharge (olume rate of flow) Discharge (ft*/sec or m/sec) *. Discharge (gals/min) . . . . . Heads see Se ee Total inlet heads | ss ee ee Total outlethead 2 5. 4 Pump totalhead, . . 6. eee Net positive suctionhead. . 1 6 Pressurehead . . eee ee Inlet pressure head: . 6 6 ee Outlet pressurehead . 2.) Positionalhead. . . . - ee Velocityhead 2... eee Velocity. 2 ee Inlet velocity. 2. 2 2 ee Outlet velocity ©. 2 ee ee Gravitational acceleration... Vapour pressure head. 1. Horsepower. . Pump power input. . . Pump power output (vate horsepower) Gallons... - ee eee Cubic feet 2... ee ee Cubic metres 2. Weight density... . Kinematic viscosity... Pump efficiency... Overall efficiency . Driving unit efficiency." . Q@-- - BS. 599 5 1966 TERMINOLOGY 4, The positional datum, (See Fig. 1.) For centrifugal, mixed flow or axial flow pumps, the positional datum shall be taken as the elevation of the highest point of the entrance edges of the first stage impeller blades, whatever the disposition of the shaft. For reciprocating pumps the positional datum shall be taken as the evalua- tion of the horizontal plane through the centre of gravity of the volumes swept out by the rams, pistons or corresponding parts. Head. This is the excess energy content of the liquid per unit weight above that of still liquid at absolute zero pressure at the positional datum, expressed in units of length, . It comprises three components: (i) Pressure head. The pressure energy per unit weight of the liquid, It is equal to: absolute pressure absolute pressure weight density at atmospheric “ ( ' ~3x bulk modulus of uid Pressure and test temperature at test temperature In many cases the second term in brackets may be neglected (i.e. the fluid may be considered incompressible). For the purpose of this standard, this may be done when the value of the expression ( absolute pressure x 100 2 x bulk modulus of fluid at test temperature. is one quarter or less of the permissible percentage for the appropriate class of pressure measurement. NOTE. Where the test temperature exceeds the boiling point of the liquid at atmospheric pressure, which is the case with many boiler feed pumps, the pressure head may be taken as. the absolute pressure multiplied by the mean specific volume. The mean specific volume should be the arithmetic mean of the actual specific volume at the pump inlet and the specific volume corresponding to pum inlet entropy and pump outlet pressure. For water these values can be obtained from steam tables. (ii) Positional head Positional head at any point in a liquid is the height of that point above the positional datum. (ii) Velocity head. The kinetic energy per unit weight of the liquid. It is defined by the expression: B.S. 599 : 1966 Total inlet head. (Hj) The algebraic sum of the pressure head, the positional head, and the velocity head at the point of measurement on the inlet side of the pump. Total outlet head. (He) The algebraic sum of the pressure head, the positional head and the velocity head at the point of measurement on the outlet side of the pump. Pump total head. The head imparted to the liquid by the pump. It is the excess of the outlet head over the inlet head, (A) — Hi). Net positive suction pressure head, (NPSH) more accurately termed the Net positive inlet head, is the inlet head less the vapour pressure of the liquid expressed in feet of the liquid pumped. Power, This is expressed in units of horsepower; One horsepower is equivalent to 33 000 ft Ib/min (745-700 watts). Pump power input. The power absorbed by the pump, as measured at the pump input shaft. Volume. This is expressed in either U.K. gallons or cubic feet or cubic metres, 1 ULK. gallon = 0-160 544 ft? (0-004 546 092 m‘}. Discharge (volume rate of flow). This is the volume rate of flow and shall be expressed in either gallons per minute (gal/min) or cubic feet per second (ft*/s) or cubic metres per second (m*/s). Weight density. The weight per unit volume of a liquid expressed in pounds per cubic foot (Ib/ft*) or kilogrammes per cubic metre (kg/m’), Pump power output (water horsepower). This is defined by the expression: Hiw _ Og(Ho — Hw 550 6-235 x 33.000 Normal test condition, For the purposes of this standard a representative operating condition shall be selected, which shall be known as the normal test condition. Pump efficiency. The ratio of the pump power output to the pump power input. Overall efficiency. The ratio of the pump power output to the rate of input of energy to the driving unit. Driving unit efficiency. The ratio of the output power of the driving unit to the - rate of input energy to the driving unit, B.S. 599 : 1966 sduinedl saqjedury Jo sada yuasayrp 40} wumep yeuontsod omy Buugep WOHERSNITT "T “BL snoy [PIKE pUYUY Mop feHre peaIeA, sso poxna THOHIA, ‘AOU paxtus JeIUOZOHT 1203] saan Iruo! eB nyyNUDD JeOHTIA reaeyrsiuo yeorsen powoauy ——_eBnyINUeD UoNONs 2Iqnop jeoNzeA JwHNJIUED j=UOrVO} - ok ‘wmep jeucnisog “oxy 9g 1eys exoge amp ot wornesaipufeatnbe wsornau ayn sduund sa\30 fo, jousauioo fo swoysd “sures ou Aq m6 on solUNJOA ay) Jo ANACIB Jo a51U9D 24 YBNOLI oUN|d jm}UOZIZOY oYp Jo TEIN SE UOAR} oq jTEYs MiNye [HON !SOd ayy sdumd SuNEDCIM SOI Joy yBys 34) JO UONISOdsip ayt JoxoreyA ‘sopelq-Jojfodus oes 157g ay) Jo s98po sowenue Jo 1ulod isayRIy Jo UOREAa|D ou Se UOYED 9g fTeYs sduINd MOY [EIxe JO MOG PEXRU “TeBNstIIUID JO] MindOp JouoHIEOd 24 5 SNOILINISAG B.S. 599 : 1966 SECTION THREE: TEST PROCEDURE AND TEST INSTALLATION CONDITIONS HYDRAULIC PRESSURE TEST 5. All parts of the pump subject to pressure shall be submitted to a hydraulic test pressure not less than 1-5 x the maximum pressure which can occur within the pump, for a minimum period of five minutes, or such maximum pressure plus 1000 Ibffin? (70-3070 kef/cm*) (6-894 76 x 10°N/m*), whichever is the less, DURATION AND RANGE OF PERFORMANCE TEST 6. To verify the mechanical conditions of the pump it shall be run continuously for not less than one hour. The duration of the test shall be sufficient to attain consistent results within this period. Each test run shall begin only when steady test conditions have been established. All measurements relating to a single test condition shall be taken simul- taneously. The time of all readings must be recorded and where multiple readings are taken to reduce random errors (see Clause 24) they shall be taken at equal intervals of time. As far as possible results should be computed as the test proceeds so that any errors and inconsistency in reading can be detected and investigated during the test. Where it is necessary to determine performance over a range of operating conditions a sufficient number of observations shall be taken to establish the performance within the limits of error stated in Section Four. CONTROL OF HEAD 7, The head requited for testing may be obtained by throttling in the outlet pipe. If it is necessary to reduce the inlet pressure by throttling in the inlet pipe reference should be made to Section Five, Clause 27. TEST ARRANGEMENTS 8. a, Standard test conditions. Ideally a pump should be tested under the condi- tions in which it is intended to be used. A standard test arrangement should be used if site conditions permit, or are unknown, or do not need to be considered. This arrangement is described below, together with other permissible arrange. ments. @) Inlet connections, For Class C head measurement, there shall be fitted on the inlet side a straight parallel pipe not less than 4 diameters in length. For Class B head measurement, a straight parallel pipe not less than 15 diameters in length shall be provided on the inlet side, or a flow’normalizer as shown in Fig. 2 must be used, and a straight parallel pipe not less than 4 diameters in length shall be provided between the outlet of the normalizer and the inlet flange of the pump. 13 1966 B.S, 599: ports numbers SP 625 and PR 685. word, See Fore Figs. 2a and 26 are taken from BHRA rej Flow normalizer Fig. 2. 14 B.S. 599 : 1966 | A flow normalizer of diameter larger than that of the pump inlet may be used with a straight taper pipe at the outlet end, but the specified length of parallel pipe must still be included. For Class A head measurement, a flow normalizer as shown in Fig. 2 must be used and a straight parallel pipe not less than 6 diameters in length shall be Provided between the outlet of the normalizer and the inlet flange of the pump. } Where the inlet velocity head does not exceed 5 Per cent of the pump total head the inlet conditions may be as specified for Class B measurements. ‘The nominal bore of the straight parallel pipe shall be the same as the bore of the pump inlet to which it is connected. GD Outlet connections. For Cass C head measurement, a straight parallel Pipe of not less than 4 diameters in length shall be provided on the outlet side of the pump. For Class A and B head measurement, a straight parallel pipe of not less than 5 diameters in length shall be provided on the outlet side of the pump. The nominal bore of the straight parallel pipe shall be the same as the bore of the pump outlet to which it is connected. >, Pumping installation under standard conditions, Standard tests can be carried out on a combination of a pump and associated fittings of the final site installation or an exact reproduction thereof or fittings introduced for testing Purposes and taken as forming part of the pump itself, provided that connections. + on the inlet and outlet sides of the whole combination can be made in accordance” with Subclause 8a, Measurements shall then be taken in accordance with Sub- ‘ “clauses i0a(i) and 108(i). ¢. Pumping installation under submerged conditions. Where a pump, or a combination of a pump and its fittings, is tested or installed in conditions where standard connections on either inlet or outlet as described in Subclause 8a cannot be made owing to inaccessibility or submergence, measurements shall abe taken in accordance with Subelauses 10a(iii) and 10b(ii) : 4 Borehole and deep-well pumps. Borehole and deep-well pumps cannot usually be tested with their complete lengths of delivery main, and consequently the loss of head in the portions omitted, and the power absorbed by any shafting - | therein, cannot be measured. A thrust bearing, if fitted, would also be more lightly loaded than when eventually installed, Itis preferable, therefore, that the specified normal test condition (see Clause 4) of a pump of this type should be based upon the conditions under which measurements can actually be made, The measurements of head shall then be ! taken in accordance with Subclauses 8a and 8b. Additional losses of head and i power caused by the remainder of the installation can then be assessed and the overall performance confirmed by the test on site, if required, 16 BLS. 599 : 1966 ¢. Self-priming pumps. When a pump is specified to be self-priming it shall be tested at the specified elevation above the still surface of the liquid and drawing through an inlet pipe of the specified volume and disposition both vertical and horizontal. ‘When the pump is specified to deal with a mixture of water and air, it shall be tested with a controlled inlet of air, through a calibrated device for air measure~ ment. When the pump is to be tested at a position where the local barometric pressure differs from that specified or where the liquid is other than sold water, steps shall be taken to ensure that the NPSH conforms with that under the specified condition. (f: Pumping installation under non-standard conditions. Where it is impracti- cable to test a pump in accordance with the standard test conditions specified in Subclauses 8@ and 85, or where alternatively it is required to ascertain the per- formance of a pump, not under standard conditions, but under the conditions in which it will work when installed, or where it is desired to test the performance of a pumping installation including items other than the pump itself, then the following decisions shall be made and recorded with the test results: (@ The precise range of the items to be included in the installation to be tested. NOTE. Where auxiliary plant is involved, whether the consumption of each individual item is or is not to be debited fo the installation. (ii) The exact positions in the proposed layout at which inlet head and outlet head (or their difference) are to be measured. (ii) The point in the circuit, the flow past which is to be credited to the installation. (iv) The nature of the supply of energy (c.g. mechanical, electric, fuel, steam, hydraulic, pneumatic). (¥) The position, or positions, at which the supply of energy is to be measured, (vi) The method as laid down in the foregoing specification which is to be used for hydraulic measurements; the method as laid down in other relevant British Standards to be used for the measurement of power, fuel, etc., both quantitative and, where necessary, qualitative; the method of measurement to be used where no British Standard exists, (vii) The extent to which the conditions pertaining during the tests may vary from the specified conditions. (viii) Whete lubricating oil or other consumable stores areto be taken into consideration, the methods of measurement to be used for these. (2) The proposed date(s), usually referred to the date of installation, of the tests, their duration and the frequency with which readings are to be taken, 17 peoy aunssasd opraqdsouny = ¥ 222UAA SL 2 + zt = peou jor dung os +2 — ¥ = peoy yout POL, fhe Z+¥ = peoy wpno roy BS. 599 : 1966 18 11966 B.S. 599 Sia}owouwul ul PInby] Aavoy Bupsn peoy Jo Japuremseou 10} suonsouu0D Bary “ae “Bia Pinby sayawoUEU Jo AysuAP IYTION = AL peay ainssasd opoydsouny = Y OJOUAA + OZ 4+Z + AM + AM = peoy peor dung St oA 4 eA Be AL eA” A +. Z— AM — ¥ = peoy io[uy [EOL + Z+AM + ¥ = pray rlino [BOL ote sMyawelp odid z ueyy 5591 10N susiawepp add z ew, 553] 30N 51111 pinby Aaeay Guieruo> aqny smu pany 19 szajammoneun uy pyaby Ava Buysn peay jo jusmamssaw 103 sBuidde) a[Buig “OE “Fy Pinby| soyowouew Jo Aysuap IySIOAA = A peoy amssord otsoydsouny = ¥ ox0uAA St _ Bz = + Z+ Zt AM + AM = peoy pero) dung sa} swourw Sui6snd wed % wasn 40) $4905 wt Z— AM — ¥ = pesy yur OL Bart AM + ¥ = pray yapno peo], snus ean, GRE sity padund pinby Guvieyuo> aqny ism BS, 599 : 1966 B.S. 599 : 1966 az Joyawouew penuaxeyIp a7 pmb Aaeaq Bmsn peo fo jomamssou soy suopauuos Bupy “PE “Bi powoueul Jo AusuOp 1qBIOM, = Af SOYA oa +h ACL = AM) = pray eroy dung ‘ ae 109, oe a 2 sasjowerp adid z 2 uryy SS3] JON susjourip odidz wey S59; ON Wan Pinbs Kavay Guruiequos aqny SERENE $y padwnd pindy Suujeyuos aqny 21 Jalpno pue jo[us uo soBAeB oopsnog Bus peay Jo juantamseam Joy suoHSoUUCD SUPE “Bp “Bh podumd pinby jo Aytsuop 34310 ‘Suspear ainsserd aames = SuiPE>4 Proy oBnvs uuowp ‘omssoxd Jo sytun a sf Suppwor Be JT Z-Z+ z - zw ++ Surpear peay o8ned 39]01 — Suypeor peay anes yLIno = peoy jmor dung roy ojoydsouny = ¥ exoy AA uleig Jt yy t -Z+ Supesr PRAY 29U! [eIOy, Peay oBne8 yopur + wnyep he 26ne6 yayu) 4 + 2+ SUPE eay yonino MOL peel] e8ne8 yopno + ¥ <. “ “e ¥ Loo? WA og Leet > a ssojoweip odid z ue ueq $59] 30N << Ses Zz wep 26neb 3>11NO rsnyy WuIP\UOD aqny BS. $99 : 1966 c E B.S. 599 : 1966 Jopno paw 42[0y uo sBnvF uopsnog Bursn pray Jo Jronarnsaout soy SBuyddey aug “gp “BLT padwnd ptaby jo Asap 7y8 jon uypear omssoid oBnes _ — SHIPEO peoy oBnes uo ‘aanssoud Jo syfun uy sf Stqpeas Bnd Jy ZAZ+Ge ZL 4 sempeos poay A, ‘sine yout Sumpear peey e8ne8 ypno = peoy ei} dumg & ray ouoydsouNy = 7 AIM, , aig + -Z— Supwas peoy a8nes roi — 7 = peay yo] Teo, ‘ x + Z + Sunpras proy anes yopno + y = puoyrpno poy, bre adhy ~ opanog Jo 1949} wumep Bui sayop 20} yustiebuRLy susyouepp adid Z veya $59] 30N Caines” TT 40) 19a} wine MPO foysaudsoune) 36n85 y9HNO ‘0s97 wey $83] 20N 3 padwnd pinby buyjeyuos oqny aie Buwieyyes qm fsa, BS. 599 : 1966 : SECTION FOUR: PROCEDURE FOR MEASUREMENT OF HEAD, DISCHARGE, SPEED AND ELECTRICAL POWER INPUT GENERAL 9. This section specifies the standard methods of measurement and instruments to be used for the determination of the inlet head, outlet head, discharge, pump total head, speed and pump power input. These methods are divided into three Ciasses A, B and C in descending order of accuracy, according to the degree of precision to be attained. The limits within which it may be expected, with a probability of 20 to 1, that a given reading will lie are known as the 95 per cent confidence limits. ‘The limits corresponding to each method are given in Section Four, Sub-section | €, together with the method of combination to determine the 95 per cent confi- dence limits for derived quantities, for example, efficiency. A short explanation of the meaning and derivation of these limits will be found in Appendix A. SUB-SECTION A. MEASUREMENT OF HEAD PRESSURE TAPPINGS AND INSTRUMENT CONNECTING LINES 10. Static pressure tapings shall conform with the requirements shown in Figs. 3 and 4, and shall be free from burrs and irregularities and flush with the inside of the bore dimension. The bore of the pressure tapping shal! not be greater than 0-10 of the nominal bore of the pipe or less than ¥4¢ in (1-587 mm) in diameter. The length of a ' pressure tapping hole shall not be less than twice its diameter. The bore of the pipe containing the tappings shall be clean, smooth and resistant to chemical reaction with the liquid being pumped. Any coating such as paint applied to the bore must be intact. If the pipe is welded longitudinally, tapping holes shall be displaced as far as possible from the weld consistent with their equal spacing around the pipe circumference, Care shall be taken to ensure that pipes directly connected to the pipe containing the measuring station are of equal bore to and concentric with that pipe. Instrument connecting lines must be free from leaks, of uniform bore and at least equal to the bore of the pressure tapping, but not iess than ¥% in (3-175 mm) in diameter. Valves, cocks and other fittings used on the lines must be so con- structed as to cause no restriction in the bore when fully open. a, Inlet head. (i) Installations in accordance with Subclause 8a(1). Crass C. One static pressure tapping shall be provided, 2 pipe diameters upstream of the pump inlet flange. The total inlet head shall be determined from the pressure head recorded at this tapping, the positional head of the tapping and the velocity head calculated assuming uniform velocity in the inlet pipe. 24 B.S, 599 : 1966 Fig. 3 shows the application of U-tube manometers to the measurement of pressure head plus positional head. Where single-leg manometers, Bourdon or other strain-gauges are used, an allowance must be added to the pressure head readings equal to the amount by which the gauge datum level (see Fig. 4) exceeds the level of the tapping. C1ass B. Four static pressure tappings shail be provided, symmetrically disposed around the circumference of the inlet pipe at a distance of 2 pipe diameters upstream of the pump inlet flange, They shall be connected through shut-off cocks to a ring manifold of cross-sectional area not less than the sum of the cross-sectional area of the tappings, so that the pressure from any tapping may be measured if required. Before making observations the pressure with each individual tapping successively open shall be taken at the normal test condition of the pump. If there is more than 1-5 per cent difference between the pressures measured the cause shall be ascertained and the condition rectified before the test properis started. The inlet head shall be determined from the pressure head measured at the ring manifold, the positional head of the point of measurement and the velocity head calculated as though there were uniform velocity in the inlet pipe. Figs. 3 and 4 show the application of U-tube manometers and Bourdon-type gauges of pressure head plus positional head. Where single-leg manometers, Bourdon or other strain-gauges are used, an allowance must be added to the pressure head readings equal to the amount by which the gauge datum level (see Fig. 4) exceeds the level of the tapping. C.assA. Four static pressure tappings shall be provided symmetrically disposed around the circumference of the inlet pipe at a distance of 2 pipe diameters upstream of the pump inlet flange. They shall be connected through shut-off cocks to a ring manifold of cross-sectional area not less than the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the tappings so that the pressure from any tapping may be measured if required. Before making observations, the pressure with each individual tapping successively open shall be taken at the normal test condition of the pump. If there is a difference between the pressures measured, exceeding 0:5 per cent of the pump total head, the cause must be ascertained and the condition rectified before the test proper is started, Fig. 3 shows the application of U-tube manometers to the measurement of pressure head plus positional head, Where single-leg manometers, Bourdon or other strain-gauges are used, an allowance must be added to the pressure head readings equal to the amount by which the gauge datum level (see Fig. 4) exceeds the level of the tapping. Where the velocity head, calculated on the assumption of uniform velocity in the inlet pipe as for Class B, does not exceed 5 per cent of the pump total head, then this value of the velocity head may be taken for ClassA. © Where the velocity head is greater than 5 per cent of the pump total head, 25 B.S, 599 : 1966 arrangements shall be made to traverse the pipe on two diameters midway between the pressure tappings and in the same plane. Two surveys must be made, using beam type cylindrical probes of diameter not greater than Moth of i that of the pipe. The first probe shall be a yawmeter such as shown in Fig, 5. | When the direction of flow bisects the angle between the two holes, the ! manometer to which they are connected will register zero differential. The yaw so measured shall nowhere in the two diameters exceed 10° with reference to the pipe axis. The second survey for measuring total head shall be made with the total head probe as shown in Fig, 5, The difference between the total head tappings in the probe and the wall static tapings shall be measured and be taken to be equal to ¥#/2g. At least ten readings, positioned as described below, shall be taken on each of at least two diameters to establish the velocity profile, The cross-section of the pipe must be divided by concentric circles into five rings of equal area, the inner- most being a circle (Fig. 5). At least one reading within each ring shall be taken on each diameter traversed. The velocity-head readings shall then be plotted against radius for each traverse made and curves drawn through the points so obtained. The mean velocity- head at the measuring station shall then be computed R a ® hy “m| | V2 rde + | ¥,S rde k cr where V, and V; are the respective velocities as read from the two curves corres- ponding with the two diametral traverses performed. The value of Q now shall be that measured with the flowmeter (see Section Four, Sub-section B) but i shall be compared with: R R Q=5 [ rerde ej era =R =e and the two values shall not differ by more than 25/X per cent, where X is the percentage value of the ratio of the velocity-head to the total head. NOTE. Reference should be made to Appendix B for notes on the effect of installation conditions, )) Installations in accordance with Subclause 8. Where a pump is tested in combination with fittings forming part of the site or test installation the provisions of Subclause 10a(i) above shall be applied to the inlet flange of the fittings and not to the inlet flange of the pump. This procedure debits against the pump all energy losses caused by fittings on the inlet side. (iii) Installations in accordance with Subclause 8c. The inlet head shall be as defined in Clause 4 and is equal to the positional head of the still surface of the volume of liquid in which the pump is tested or from which it draws, plus the 26 B.S. 599 : 1966 pressure head equivalent to the absolute pressure on that surface. This assumption debits against the pump all energy losses caused by fittings on the inlet side. 6, Outlet head. (i) Installation in accordance with Subclause 8a(ii). Cass C. One static pressure tapping shall be provided at a distance of 2 pipe diameters downstream of the pump outlet flange. The outlet head shall be deter- mined from the pressure head recorded at this tapping the positional head of the tapping and the velocity head calculated assuming uniform velocity in the outlet Poe 3 shows the application of U-tube manometers to the measurement of pressure head plus positional head. Where singleleg manometers, Bourdon or other strain-gauges are used, an allowance must be added to the pressure head readings equal to the amount by which the gauge datum level (see Fig. 4) exceeds the level of the tapping. Ctass B. Four static pressure tappings shall be provided symmetrically disposed around the circumference of the outlet pipe at a distance of 2 pipe diameters downstream of the pump outlet flange. They shall be connected through shut-off cocks to a ring manifold of cross-sectional area not less than ‘the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the tappings so that the pressure from any tapping may be measured if required. Before making observations the pressure with cach individual tapping successively open shall be taken at the normal test condition of the pump. If there is more than 1-5 per cent difference between the pressures so measured, the cause must be ascertained and the condition rectified before the test proper is started. The outlet head shall be determined from the pressure head measured at the ring manifold the positional head of the point of measurement and the velocity head calculated as though there were uniform velocity in the outlet pipe. For corrections which may be required if swirls exist, see Appendix B. Fig. 3 shows the application of U-tube manometers to the measurement of pressure head plus positional head. Where single-leg manometers, Bourdon or other strain-gauges are used, an allowance must be added to the pressure head readings equal to the amount by which the gauge datum level (see Fig. 4) exceeds the level of the tapping. Crass A. Four static pressure tappings shall be provided symmetrically disposed around the circumference of the outlet pipe at a distance of 2 pipe diameters downstream of the pump outlet flange. They shall be connected through shut-off cocks to a ring manifold of cross-sectional area not less than the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the tappings so that the pressure from any tapping may be measured if required. Before making observations the pressure with cach individual tapping successively open, shall be taken at’the normal test condition of pump. If there is more than 0-5 per cent difference between the pressures measured, the cause must be ascertained and the condition rectified before the test proper is started. 27 B.S. 599 : 1966 3 shows the application of U-tube manometers to the measurement of pressure head plus positional head. Where single-leg manometers, Bourdon or other strain-gauges are used, an allowance must be added to the pressure head readings equal to the amount by which the gauge datum level (see Fig. 4) exceeds the level of the tapping. Where the velocity head, calculated on the assumption of uniform velocity in the outlet pipe as for Class B, does not exceed 5 per cent of the pump total head, then this value of the velocity head may be taken for Class A. Where the velocity head is greater than 5 per cent of the pump total head, arrangements shall be made to traverse the pipe on two diameters midway between the pressure tappings, and in the same plane, Two surveys must be made, using beam type cylindrical probes of diameter not greater than 340th of that of the pipe. The first probe shall be a yawmeter as shown in Fig. 5. When the direction of flow bisects the angle between the two holes, the manometer to which they are connected will register zero differential. The yaw SO measured shall nowhere in the two diameters exceed 10° with reference to the pipe axis. The second survey for measuring total head shall be made with the total head probe as shown in Fig. 5. The differential between the total head tapings in the probe and the wall static tappings shall be measured and be taken to be equal to V#/2g. At least ten readings, positioned as described below, shall be taken on each of at least two diameters to establish the velocity profile, The cross-section of the pipe must be divided by concentric circles into five rings of equal area, the inner- ‘most being a circle (Fig. 5). At least one reading within each ring shall be taken on each diameter traversed, The velocity-head readings shall then be plotted against radius for each traverse made and curves drawn through the points so obtained. The mean velocity-head at the measuring station shall then be computed as: x g =v 3 2 “a0 |x rant] rdr *R aR where V; and V; are the respective velocities as read from the two curves corres- ponding with the two diametral traverses performed. The value of Q now shall be that measured with the flowmeter (see Section Four, Sub-section B) but shall be compared with: R R 0-3 fee | hy

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