PHY5113 PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS: TUTORIAL n0 5 FLUID FLOWS: SOLUTIONS

Solution 1

Mass of the probe Mprobe=500 kg; probe density ρprobe=1400 kg/m3

T + Fb + W = 0 , T+Fb-W=0 or T=W-Fb

The buoyant force is equal to the weight of water displaced by the probe. Mass of water
displaced=ρwVdisp

Volume of water displaced =volume of the probe: Vdisp=Vprobe

Mass of probe Mprobe=ρprobeVprobe

Vprobe= Mprobe/ρprobe=500 kg/1400kg/m3=0.36 m3

Mass of water displaced=(1000kg/m3)(0.36 m3)=360 kg

Fb=mass of water displaced*g=(360kg)(9.80m/s2)=3528 N

Weight of probe W= Mprobe*g= (500kg) (9.80m/s2)=4900 N

The tension in the T=W-Fb=4900N-3528N=1,372N

Solution 2

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 • Car lift in a service station. See figure. A large output force can be applied by means of a
small input force. Volume of liquid pushed down on left must equal volume pushed up
on right.

• Circular cross section system.

On left r1 = 5 cm = 0.05 m. On right r2 = 15 cm = 0.15 m. Car’s weight mg = 13,289 N.

N’s 2nd Law on right: ∑Fy = 0 = F2 – mg. Or F2 = 13,289 N

Calculate minimum F1 to lift the car & pressure P in the system

Gives
P1 = P2
Pascal’s Law ⇒ F1 = (A1/A2) F2 = 1,477 N
F1 F2
=
A1 A2 P = (F1/A1) = 1.88 × 105 Pa

1 atm = 1.013 × 105 Pa

P=1.88/1.013=1.86 atm

Exercise 2, more analysis

The volume of liquid pushed down on left must equal volume pushed up on right. So, A1∆x1 = A2 ∆x2

• Combining this with P1 = P2

F1 F2
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A1 A2
 • Gives F1∆x1 = F2 ∆x2

⇒ This means that Work1 = Work2

So, Pascal’s Law is consequence of Conservation of Mechanical Energy

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SOLUTION 19

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 1 1
As the pipe is horizontal, P2 + ρ v2 2 = P1 + ρ v12 ≈ P1 because v1 is very low
2 2

2(P1 − P2 ) 2 × 7000
v2 = = =3.74m/s
ρ 1000

SOLUTION 20

(a)

(b)Next find the absolute pressure at Point B.

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 Consider the height hA = 0 for reference purposes.

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