TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FINAL DRAFT

SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE prCEN/TS 45545-1

TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION

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February 2008

ICS 45.060.01

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English version

Railway applications - Fire protection of railway vehicles - Part 1:

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General

Applications ferroviaires - Protection contre les incendies Bahnanwendungen - Brandschutz in Schienenfahrzeugen -

dans les véhicules ferroviaires - Partie 1: Généralités Teil 1: Allgemeine Regeln

This draft Technical Specification is submitted to CEN/CENELEC members for formal vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical
Committee CEN/CLC/WG FPR.

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CEN/CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees, respectively, of Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.

Warning : This document is not a Technical Specification. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice
and shall not be referred to as a Technical Specification.
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CEN Management Centre: CENELEC Central Secretariat:

rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels rue de Stassart, 35 B-1050 Brussels

© 2008 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prCEN/TS 45545-1:2008 E
worldwide for CEN national Members and for CENELEC
Members.
prCEN/TS 45545-1:2008 (E)

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Contents Page

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Foreword..............................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................4
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................4
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................5

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3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................5
4 Objectives...............................................................................................................................................6
4.1 General....................................................................................................................................................6
4.2 Fire resulting from accident or arson ..................................................................................................6
4.3 Fire resulting from technical defects...................................................................................................6
4.4 Fire resulting from larger ignition models than those described in 4.2 and 4.3 .............................7
5 Operation and design categories of railway vehicles........................................................................7
5.1
5.2
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Operation category ................................................................................................................................7
Design categories ..................................................................................................................................8
Vehicle classification ............................................................................................................................8
7 Fire protection measures......................................................................................................................8
8 Evaluation of conformity.......................................................................................................................9
8.1 General....................................................................................................................................................9
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8.2 Design verification and validation .......................................................................................................9

8.3 Quality assurance ..................................................................................................................................9
Annex A (informative) Ignition models within the scope of the Technical Specification ..........................10
Annex B (informative) Measures of infrastructure.........................................................................................11
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this Technical Specification and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 96/48/EC, as amended by 2004/50/EC............................................13
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................14
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 prCEN/TS 45545-1:2008 (E)

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Foreword

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This document (prCEN/TS 45545-1:2008) has been prepared by the Joint Working Group "Fire Safety" of
Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in
cooperation with Technical Committee CENELEC/TC 9X "Electrical and electronic application for railways".

This document is currently submitted to the Formal Vote.

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This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive
96/48/EC, as amended by Directive 2004/50/EC.

For relationship with EU Directive 96/48/EC, as amended by Directive 2004/50/EC, see informative Annex ZA,
which is an integral part of this document.

This series of Technical Specifications Railway applications — Fire protection of railway vehicles consists of:


Part 1: General
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Part 2: Requirements for fire behaviour of materials and components

 Part 3: Fire resistance requirements for fire barriers

 Part 4: Fire safety requirements for railway rolling stock design

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 Part 5: Fire safety requirements for electrical equipment including that of trolley buses, track guided buses
and magnetic levitation vehicles

 Part 6: Fire control and management systems

 Part 7: Fire safety requirements for flammable liquid and flammable gas installations
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Introduction

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CEN/TS 45545 is based on existing fire safety regulations for railway vehicles from the International Union of
Railways (UIC) and different European countries.

In using the operation and design categories defined in this part, the requirements laid down in the different
parts of CEN/TS 45545 will take into account the current operating conditions for European public rail
transport.

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1 Scope
CEN/TS 45545 specifies:

 measures on railway vehicles for fire protection;

 verification of these measures. de

CEN/TS 45545 specifies prevention measures. The measures and requirements specified in CEN/TS 45545
are intended to protect passengers and staff in railway vehicles in the event of a fire on board. This protection
of passenger and staff is essentially based on the ability of the rolling stock to allow for evacuation in safety,
satisfying conditions (according to the objectives in Clause 4) in the frame of a guided transportation system
which includes in particular vehicles, infrastructure and operation rules.
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The present Technical Specification describes the measures to be taken in the design of the vehicles in the
context of the infrastructure within which they operate.

It is not within the scope of CEN/TS 45545 to describe measures which ensure the preservation of the
vehicles in the event of a fire.

This Technical Specification is valid for railway vehicles as defined in 3.1.

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Freight transportation vehicles are not covered by CEN/TS 45545.

This part of CEN/TS 45545 covers:

 principal definitions;

 operation categories;
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 design categories;

 fire safety objectives;

 general requirements for fire protection measures and their evaluation of conformity.
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2 Normative references

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The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

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EN ISO 13943:2000, Fire safety — Vocabulary (ISO 13943:2000)

ISO 8421-1:1987, Fire protection — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms and phenomena of fire

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3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 13943:2000 and
ISO 8421-1:1987 and the following apply.

3.1
railway vehicles
track guided public passenger land transport vehicles such as:


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locomotives and dedicated power vehicle (self-propelled);

multiple units;

 coaches, including driving trailers;

 light rail vehicles;

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 underground vehicles;

 trams;

 baggage- and post vans running as part of a passenger train;

 passenger occupied motor vehicle transporters.

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The following vehicles are also considered as railway vehicles:

 track guided buses;

 trolley buses (only in relation to the electrical equipment);

 magnetic levitation vehicles

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3.2
dwell time
period of time during which passengers and staff stay in an area susceptible to being affected by fire or its
effluents
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3.3
staff
all persons on duty on board railway vehicles including:

 passport inspectors;

 customs officers;

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 security officers;

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 catering/cooking persons

3.4
operation category of a railway vehicle
relationship between service, infrastructure and evacuation conditions for passengers and staff

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3.5
refurbishment
programme of interior/exterior work, other than routine maintenance or repair, undertaken on a vehicle to
restore or enhance the level of design and performance

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3.6
Fire Critical Effect (FCE)
state at which a person, as a result of exposure to the products of fire within a defined passenger and staff
area, would be unable to leave the defined passenger and staff area unaided

3.7
place of relative safety
area where a person has temporary shelter from the immediate effects of a fire before a place of ultimate
safety can be reached

3.8
place of ultimate safety
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place away from the burning vehicle in which a person is no longer in danger from the effects of fire

4 Objectives
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4.1 General

The objectives of this Technical Specification are to minimize the probability of a fire starting, to control the
rate and extent of fire development and through this, to minimize the impact of the products of fire on
passengers and staff. The objectives are considered in the context of the operation and design categories of
the train.
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The different ignition models within the scope of the Technical Specification are described in Annex A.

4.2 Fire resulting from accident or arson

Typical ignition models involving newspaper, matches, cigarettes and gas lighters shall be taken into
consideration in any position freely accessible to passengers and staff.
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Measures shall be taken to reduce the risk of:

 fire spreading through the passenger and staff areas;

 the endangering of passengers and staff by obscuration of escape routes;

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 the endangering of passengers and staff by or the presence of toxic fumes.

4.3 Fire resulting from technical defects

Ignition models, comparable to electric arcs or abnormal temperatures shall be taken into consideration.
The effects of any flammable gases or flammable liquids which may be present shall also be taken into
account.

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Measures shall be taken to reduce the risk of:

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 fire spreading through the passenger and staff areas;

 the endangering of passengers and staff by obscuration of escape routes;

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the endangering of passengers and staff by or the presence of toxic fumes.

4.4 Fire resulting from larger ignition models than those described in 4.2 and 4.3

To reduce the hazards to passenger and staff, the following requirements, which are defined in all parts of this
Technical Specification, are intended to cover cases with ignition models bigger than those described in 4.2

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and 4.3.

 specification of design to aid evacuation and to limit dwell times;

 arrangement of materials to reduce fire spread and fire effluents;

 use of materials with higher reaction to fire performance than performances required to satisfy
requirements of 4.2 and 4.3;


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means to contain fire and fire effluents (e.g. fire barriers);

means for fire detection, fire fighting and evacuation management.

5 Operation and design categories of railway vehicles

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5.1 Operation category

Railway vehicles are classified under the operation categories:

Operation Category 1

Vehicles that are not designed or equipped to run on underground sections, tunnels and/or elevated structures
and which may be stopped with minimum delay, after which immediate side evacuation to a place of ultimate
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safety is possible.

Operation Category 2

Vehicles that are designed or equipped to run on underground sections, tunnels and/or elevated structures,
with side evacuation available and where there are stations or emergency stations that offer a place of
ultimate safety to passengers, reachable within a short running time.
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Operation Category 3

Vehicles that are designed or equipped to run on underground sections, tunnels and/or elevated structures,
with side evacuation available and where there are stations or emergency stations that offer a place of
ultimate safety to passengers, reachable within a long running time.
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Operation Category 4

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Vehicles that are designed or equipped to run on underground sections, tunnels and/or elevated structures,
without side evacuation available and where there are stations or emergency stations that offer a place of
ultimate safety to passengers, reachable within a short running time.

If a vehicle is operating in more than one Operation Category, or changes its service, it shall fulfil the

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requirements of all the relevant operation categories.

For services under local or regional conditions the Operation Category can be reduced in agreement with all
responsible regulatory bodies, if operation outside of these conditions is excluded by suitable technical
means.

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NOTE The boundary condition between short and long running time is 4 min. Guidance on the designation of
operating categories is given in Annex B.

5.2 Design categories

Railway vehicles are additionally classified under the following design categories:

 A: vehicles forming part of an automatic train having no emergency trained staff on board;

 D: double decked vehicles;

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 S: sleeping and couchette vehicles;

 N: all other vehicles (standard vehicles).

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6 Vehicle classification
The classification of the railway vehicle into the relevant categories:

 shall contain the operation and design categories;

 shall be specified in the procurement documents.

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EXAMPLES
 Operation Category 2/standard vehicle: 2 – N;

 Operation Category 3/double decked sleeping car: 3 – DS.

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7 Fire protection measures

The requirements are specified in the relevant parts of CEN/TS 45545 which are based on operation
categories and design categories.

When vehicles are being maintained and/or repaired all replaced items shall either be compliant to this
Technical Specification or shall be of equivalent performance to the item replaced.
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To satisfy the objectives of this Technical Specification, all parts and components replaced during
refurbishment shall comply with the requirements.

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8 Evaluation of conformity

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8.1 General

The evaluation of conformity with the fire protection requirements shall include design verification and quality

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assurance.

8.2 Design verification and validation

Prior to delivery of the initial vehicle and/or components, conformity declarations of all fire protection measures
which are defined in this Technical Specification shall be submitted.

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8.3 Quality assurance

Conformity with fire protection requirements may be demonstrated by an adequate, controlled and properly
maintained quality assurance system during design, manufacture and refurbishment (see also Bibliography).

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Annex A
(informative)

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Ignition models within the scope of the Technical Specification

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1) Flaming source is 3 min duration and average power output of 7 kW generating a flux of
2 2
25 kW/m to 30 kW/m .
-2 2
2) A radiant flux of nominal value 25 kWm applied to an area of 0,1 m .

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-2 2
3) A radiant flux of nominal value 50 kWm applied to an area of 0,1 m .

4) Flaming source of power 1 KW and 30 s duration.

-2 -2
5) A flaming source generating a radiant flux of nominal value in the range 20 kWm to 25 kWm
2
applied to an area of 0,7 m with an average heat of 75 kW for a period of 2 min followed
-2 -2 2
immediately by a flux of nominal value in the range 40 kWm to 50 kWm applied to the same 0,7 m
area with an average heat of 150 kW for a period of 8 min.
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These ignition models are used to achieve the objective written in 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4.

EXAMPLE The combustion of a 100 g UIC 564-2 – paper cushion (news papers) is of equivalent effect to ignition
model 1.
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Annex B
(informative)

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Measures of infrastructure

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The decision about whether a train designed in accordance with the present Technical Specifications
authorised or not to be operated on a given railway infrastructure lies with the safety regulatory authority as
defined in EN 50126.

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In the absence of a relevant national or European regulation, the present annex provides guidance on the
designation of operation categories under which a train should be designed, depending on the main
characteristics of the railway infrastructure is defined as:

Operation Category 1

Surface operation (open line); including tunnel or elevated sections (EXAMPLE tramway).

The maximum length between open sections as a result of tunnels or/and limited access by elevated
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There should be no tunnels or elevated structures longer than the length of the train where side evacuation is
not possible.

The open sections between the tunnel or/and elevated structure, should be longer than the length of the train.
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The maximum percentage of the service distance which are tunnels or elevated structures should be 10 % of
the length of the service.

Operation Category 2

The running distance to reach a place of ultimate safety should be in maximum 5 km.

The duration to reach a place of ultimate safety should not take longer than 4 min. Side evacuation is
possible.
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In case of fire alarm the train will continue to a place of ultimate safety, allowing subsequent evacuation from
the vehicles.

Only if this fails the train will be evacuated using the means of infrastructure in underground sections, tunnels
and / or elevated structures.
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(EXAMPLES subway, operations on sections with tunnels or elevated structure of 5 km length of the Trans
European Network).

Operation Category 3

The running distance to reach a place of ultimate safety should be in maximum 20 km.
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The duration to reach a place of ultimate safety should not take longer than 15 min.

The line lies partly or mainly in tunnel or elevated structures and the section is not longer than 20 km. Side
evacuation is possible.

In case of fire alarm the train will continue to a place of ultimate safety, allowing subsequent evacuation from
the vehicles.

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Only if this fails the train will be evacuated using the means of infrastructure in underground sections, tunnels
and / or elevated structures.

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Tunnels of more than 20 km in length require a special safety investigation that can lead to additional safety
measures in other subsystems than rolling stock, in order to admit interoperable trains (i.e. trains complying
with the relevant TSI’s) in sufficient fire safety condition.

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(EXAMPLE operations on sections with tunnels or elevated structures of significant length of the Trans European
Network).

Operation Category 4

See Clause 5.

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Annex ZA
(informative)

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Relationship between this Technical Specification and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 96/48/EC, as amended by 2004/50/EC

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This Technical Specification has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the
European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to
Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 96/48/EC, as amended by 2004/50/EC which is based
on the principles of the New Approach, on the interoperability of the trans-European high-speed rail system.

Once this Technical Specification is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that

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Directive and has been implemented as a national Technical Specification in at least one Member State,
compliance with the clauses of this Technical Specification given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the
scope of this Technical Specification, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding Essential
Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.

Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this Technical Specification and Directive 96/48/EC, as
amended by 2004/50/EC
Clauses/sub-clauses of
this Technical
Specification
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Chapter/§/points/
of TSI Rolling Stock
Essential
Requirements (ER) of
Directive 96/48/EC
Comments

The whole Technical § 4.2.7.2 – Fire safety In Annex III, CEN/TS 45545 specifies
Specification general features to
Annex E – Table E1 – Essential Requirements implement in the design
requirements of
§4.2.7.2 Fire safety
Operation categories 2 1 General requirements and manufacture of
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and 3 are applicable Rolling stocks to the fire

1.1 Safety and fumes protection
§ 1.1.3, § 1.1.4
In using the operation
1.3 Health and Design Categories
§ 1.3.2 as defined, the required
features shall also refer
1.4 Environmental to the other parts of the
protection CEN/TS 45545
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§ 1.4.2
Operation category 2 and 3
2 Requirement specific of the CEN/TS correspond
to each subsystem respectively to the Category
2.4 Rolling Stock A and B Fire safety of the
HS-RST-TSI
§ 2.4.1.8, § 2.4.2
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WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within
the scope of this standard.
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Bibliography

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[1] EN 50126, Railway applications — The specification and demonstration of reliability, availability,
maintainability and safety (RAMS)

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[2] EN ISO 9001, Quality management systems — Requirements (ISO 9001:2000)

[3] EN ISO 14001, Environmental management systems — Requirements with guidance for use
(ISO 14001:2004)

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[4] UIC 564-2:1991, Regulations relating to fire protection and fire-fighting measures in passenger-
carrying railway vehicles or assimilated vehicles used on international services

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