BS EN 45545-1:2013

BS ENcorrigendum
Incorporating 45545-1:2013
November 2015

BSI Standards Publication

Railway applications — Fire

protection on railway vehicles
Part 1: General
BS EN 45545-1:2013 BRITISH STANDARD

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 45545-1:2013.
It supersedes DD CEN/TS 45545-1:2009, which is withdrawn.
Together with BS EN 45545-2:2013+A1:2015, BS EN 45545-3:2013,
BS EN 45545-4:2013, BS EN 45545-5:2013+A1:2015, BS EN 45545-6:2013
and BS EN 45545-7:2013, it supersedes BS 6853:1999 which will be
withdrawn on 31 March 2016.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee FSH/19, Fire Precautions in Railway Transport.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained
on request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions
of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
© The British Standards Institution 2015.
Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015
ISBN 978 0 580 92560 3
ICS 13.220.20; 45.060.01
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards
Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2013.
Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication
Date Text affected
30 November 2015 Supersession information updated in national
foreword
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 45545-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM March 2013

ICS 45.060.01; 13.220.20 Supersedes CEN/TS 45545-1:2009

English Version

Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Part

1: General

Applications ferroviaires - Protection contre les incendies Bahnanwendungen - Brandschutz in Schienenfahrzeugen -

dans les véhicules ferroviaires - Partie 1: Généralités Teil 1: Allgemeine Regeln

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 December 2012.

CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such
national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under
the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.

CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:

Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2013 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide Ref. No. EN 45545-1:2013 E
for CEN national Members and for CENELEC Members.
BS EN 45545-1:2013
EN 45545-1:2013 (E)

Contents Page

Foreword ..............................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................4
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................5
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................6
3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................6
4 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................ 13
4.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 13
4.2 Fire resulting from accidental ignition or arson .............................................................................. 13
4.3 Fire resulting from technical defects ................................................................................................ 14
4.4 Fire resulting from larger ignition models than those described in 4.2 and 4.3 .......................... 14
5 Operation Categories and Design Categories of railway vehicles ................................................ 14
5.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 14
5.2 Operation Categories ......................................................................................................................... 15
5.2.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 15
5.2.2 Vehicles operating on infrastructure subject to the Directive ....................................................... 15
5.2.3 Vehicles operating on infrastructure not subject to the Directive ................................................ 16
5.3 Design Categories .............................................................................................................................. 16
6 Vehicle classification ......................................................................................................................... 16
7 Fire protection measures ................................................................................................................... 17
8 Evaluation of conformity .................................................................................................................... 17
8.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 17
8.2 Design verification and validation .................................................................................................... 17
8.3 Quality management .......................................................................................................................... 17
Annex A (informative) Ignition models within the scope of the document ................................................ 18
Annex B (informative) Guidance on the designation of Operation Categories ......................................... 19
B.1 Operation Category 1 (OC1) .............................................................................................................. 19
B.2 Operation Category 2 (OC2) .............................................................................................................. 19
B.3 Operation Category 3 (OC3) .............................................................................................................. 19
B.4 Operation Category 4 (OC4) .............................................................................................................. 19
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC ....................................................................................... 20
Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 23

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Foreword
This document (EN 45545-1:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by March 2016.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes CEN/TS 45545-1:2009.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC.

For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.

This series of European standards Railway applications — Fire protection on railway vehicles consists of:

 Part 1: General;

 Part 2: Requirements for fire behaviour of materials and components;

 Part 3: Fire resistance requirements for fire barriers;

 Part 4: Fire safety requirements for railway rolling stock design;

 Part 5: Fire safety requirements for electrical equipment including that of trolley buses, track guided buses
and magnetic levitation vehicles;

 Part 6: Fire control and management systems;

 Part 7: Fire safety requirements for flammable liquid and flammable gas installations.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

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Introduction
EN 45545 is developed from existing fire safety regulations for railway vehicles from the International Union of
Railways (UIC) and different European countries.

In using the Operation and Design Categories defined in this part, the requirements laid down in the different
parts of EN 45545 will take into account the current operating conditions for European public rail transport.

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1 Scope
The measures and requirements specified in EN 45545 are intended to protect passengers and staff in railway
vehicles in the event of a fire on board.

EN 45545 specifies:

 fire protection measures for railway vehicles;

 verification methods for these measures.

The protection of passengers and staff is essentially based on measures to:

 prevent fires occurring due to technical faults and due to equipment design or vehicle layout (Part 1,
Part 4, Part 5 and Part 7);

 minimise the possibility of ignition of materials installed on railway vehicles due to accidents or vandalism
(Part 1 and Part 2);

 detect a fire should it occur (Part 6);

 limit the spread of fire by specification of materials according to their operational categories (Part 2) and
by measures for containment (Part 3);

 minimise the effects of fire in terms of heat, smoke and toxic gases on passengers or staff through the
specification of materials installed on railway vehicles (Part 2);

 control and manage a fire, for example by means of fire detection, suppression and/or emergency energy
shut down (Part 6).

The ultimate objective in the event of a fire on board is to allow passengers and staff to evacuate the railway
vehicle and reach a place of safety.

The present European Standard describes the measures to be taken in the design of the vehicles in the
context of the infrastructure on which they operate.

It is not within the scope of EN 45545 to describe measures that ensure the preservation of the vehicles in the
event of a fire beyond what is required to fulfil the objective to protect passengers and staff.

This European Standard is valid for railway vehicles as defined in Clause 3.

Freight transportation vehicles are not covered by EN 45545.

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This part of EN 45545 covers:

 principal definitions;

 Operation Categories;

 Design Categories;

 fire safety objectives;

 general requirements for fire protection measures and their evaluation of conformity.

2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN ISO 13943:2010, Fire safety — Vocabulary (ISO 13943:2008)

EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
(ISO/IEC 17025)

ISO 8421-1:1987, Fire protection — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms and phenomena of fire

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this series of documents (EN 45545-1 to EN 45545-7), the terms and definitions given in
relevant Technical Specification for Interoperability (TSI) documents, EN ISO 13943:2010 and ISO 8421-
1:1987, and the following definitions apply.

3.1
alarm
audible and/or visual indication to staff and/or passengers of the detection of fire

3.2
arc protection devices
device to contain an electrical arc within a prescribed region

3.3
armrest
element which may function as a support for a seated person’s arm but which may also be part of a seat
which defines the width of a seat place

3.4
automatic public address system
equipment that makes a pre-recorded announcement on detection of a fire

3.5
ARHE – average rate of heat emission at time t
cumulative heat emission from t = 0 to t = t divided by t

Note 1 to entry: For full details of how ARHE is generated, refer to 5.2 of EN 45545-2:2013.

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3.6
cable conduits and ducts
linear electrical products such as flexible or rigid conduits, ducts or trays

Note 1 to entry: Heat shrinkable sleeves are not considered.

3.7
CIT
conventional index of toxicity

Note 1 to entry: Details of the derivation of CIT are specified in Annex C of EN 45545-2:2013.

3.8
coating
product applied as liquid or powder to a substrate that will cure or dry into a continuous surface to the
substrate

3.9
corridor
passenger area intended as a through route for passengers and staff

3.10
cylinder cabinet
dedicated cabinet containing gas cylinders

3.11
dead end
non dedicated area for passenger or staff, not intended as a through route

3.12
Ds(n)
specific optical density of smoke where n is the elapsed time since the start of testing in minutes

Note 1 to entry: For more detail, see EN 45545-2.

3.13
electrical equipment
anything used, intended to be used or installed for use, to generate, provide, transmit, transform, rectify,
convert, conduct, distribute, control, store, measure or use electrical energy

3.14
enclosure
housing for separating the internal and external environment from the electrical equipment

Note 1 to entry: For more functional descriptions refer to 5.4 of EN 45545-5:2013.

Note 2 to entry: IEV 826-12-20 and EN 60529.

3.15
exposed area
facing made of combustible material which could potentially be directly exposed to an ignition source
according to 4.2 and 4.3

Note 1 to entry: The term exposed surface is also used in the same context.

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3.16
fire barrier
element that is intended for use in maintaining separation between two adjacent areas of a railway vehicle in
the event of a fire which resists the passage of flame and/or heat and/or effluents for a period of time under
specified conditions

3.17
fire barrier door
door which has specified fire resistance characteristics

3.18
fire detection device
device which responds to one or more products or effects of fire

3.19
fire exposure time
period of time during which passengers and staff stay in an area susceptible to being affected by fire or its
effluents on board of railway vehicles

3.20
fire fighting equipment
a) fixed equipment which delivers a fire extinguishing medium when either manually or automatically
activated;

b) portable or mobile equipment which delivers a fire extinguishing medium under manual control

3.21
fire resistance
ability of a test specimen to withstand fire or give protection from it for a period of time

Note 1 to entry: Typical criteria used to assess fire resistance in a standard fire test are fire integrity, thermal insulation
and radiation.

Note 2 to entry: “Fire-resistant” (adj.) refers only to this ability.

Note 3 to entry: See also EN ISO 13943.

3.22
flammable atmosphere
mixture of a flammable gas or vapour from a flammable liquid with air in which the concentration of the
flammable gas or vapour is between its upper and lower flammability limits

3.23
flammable gas
fuel which is in a gaseous state at a temperature of 15 °C at a pressure of 1 bar

Note 1 to entry: Directive 2009/142/EC.

3.24
flammable liquid
liquid that has a flash point of less than 55 °C as determined in accordance with EN ISO 2719 and fuel
intended for combustion in thermal machines

3.25
functionally suitable product
functionally suitable product is one which will meet the required static, dynamic and mechanical properties for
use in the specified operating environment, (e. g. temperature, chemicals, humidity) and have a life consistent
with normal industry maintenance schedules

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3.26
gangway
articulated assembly allowing transit between railway vehicles

3.27
hazard levels
level of hazard to differentiate material fire safety requirements derived from Operation and Design Categories

3.28
high power circuit
circuit with a rated power greater than 20 kW, e.g. supply line, traction circuit and high power auxiliary supplies
3.29
insulation criterion
I
criterion by which thermal insulation is assessed

Note 1 to entry: It is based on the measurement of temperature rise on the unexposed side of the test specimen.

Note 2 to entry: The insulation criterion can vary and depends on the fire-safety objective(s).

Note 3 to entry: See also EN ISO 13943.

3.30
integrity criterion
E
criterion by which the ability of a separating element to prevent the passage of flames and hot gases is
assessed

Note 1 to entry: See also EN ISO 13943:2010, 4.199

3.31
limited surfaces
surfaces defined by dimensional limits and which offer a reduced risk because they have a smaller exposed
area than normal, unlimited surfaces

Note 1 to entry: Definition rules for limited surfaces are set out for IN2 products in Table 3 of EN 45545-2:2013.

3.32
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
LPG
propane, propene, butane or butene and mixtures of any of these, caused to be in the liquid state for storage

3.33
listed product
product listed in EN 45545-2:2013, Table 2

3.34
local alarm
alarm that gives warning solely in the area where fire products are detected

3.35
luggage compartment
single volume contained on a defined number of sides (which may include floor and ceiling) by elements with
specified fire resistance performance (including joints and/or fixings to the surrounding structure), to which
passengers have no access without authorisation

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3.36
luggage container
single volume of less than 4 m3 contained on 6 sides by elements with specified fire resistant performance
(including joints and/or fixings to the surrounding structure)

3.37
luggage rack
rack provided above windows or seat back height intended for stowing passengers' luggage and/or
accessories

Note 1 to entry: It is intended for use by relatively light weight passenger items such as briefcases, holdalls and coats.

3.38
luggage stack
floor or below seat back height mounted unit intended for stowing passenger's luggage

Note 1 to entry: It is intended for the storage of relatively heavy items of passenger luggage such as suitcases.

3.39
MARHE – maximum average rate of heat emission
maximum value of ARHE during the time period t = 0 to t = tend

Note 1 to entry: For more detail, see EN 45545-2.

3.40
material
single basic substance or uniformly dispersed mixture e. g. metal, stone, wood, concrete, mineral wool with
uniformly dispersed binder, polymers

3.41
non-listed product
any product which is not listed in EN 45545-2:2013, Table 2

3.42
Operation Category of a railway vehicle
relationship between service, infrastructure and evacuation conditions for passengers and staff

3.43
passenger area
area which is freely accessible to passengers

3.44
passenger door
doors for the use of passengers between passenger areas in a railway vehicle or between a passenger area
and the exterior of a railway vehicle

3.45
passenger or staff compartment
passenger area or staff area, which cannot be used as a through route for passengers or staff respectively

3.46
place of safety
location that is free from danger and from which it is possible to move freely without threat from a fire

Note 1 to entry: Also named as safe refuge.

Note 2 to entry: See also EN ISO 13943:2010, 4.2.53.

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3.47
product
the material or assembly about which information is required

3.48
radiation criterion
W
criterion by which the ability of the element of construction to withstand fire exposure on one side only, so as
to reduce the probability of the transmission of fire as a result of significant radiated heat either through the
element or from its unexposed surface to adjacent materials, is assessed

Note 1 to entry: Consistent with EN 13501-2:2007+A1:2009.

3.49
railway vehicles
track guided public passenger land transport vehicles

EXAMPLES Locomotives, dedicated self-propelled power vehicle, multiple units, coaches, driving trailers, light rail
vehicles, underground vehicles, trams, luggage and post vans running as part of a passenger train, passenger occupied
motor vehicle transporters, track guided buses, magnetic levitation vehicles and trolley buses (only in relation to the
electrical equipment).

3.50
refurbishment
programme of interior/exterior work, other than routine maintenance or repair, undertaken on a railway vehicle
to restore or enhance the level of design and performance

3.51
remote alarm
alarm that gives warning in areas other than where fire products are detected

3.52
rescue station
For infrastructure subject to the DIRECTIVE 2008/57/EC (see Annex ZA), a rescue station, named also fire
fighting point, is a defined location, inside or outside the tunnel, where fire fighting equipment can be used by
rescue services and where passengers and staff can evacuate. For other networks not subject to the Directive
2008/57/EC, a rescue station is defined as a preferred location offering a place of safety and where
passengers and staff are able to evacuate the vehicles
Note 1 to entry: See also TSI SRT.

3.53
running capability
ability of a train to reach an evacuation point in case of a fire on board

3.54
running time
time between a fire being detected or reported and the train arriving at a location where there are stations or
rescue stations

3.55
staff
any person employed on board a railway vehicle

3.56
staff area
area to which only members of staff have legitimate access

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3.57
staff door
door giving access to or from staff areas in a railway vehicle or between a staff area and the exterior of a
railway vehicle

3.58
strip
surface which meet the definition of IN1 products in Table 2 of EN 45545-2:2013, but which offer a reduced
risk because it has a smaller exposed area compared to regular surfaces but which has a different criteria
than (equiaxed) limited surfaces because it extends for significant lengths in one major plane of the surface

3.59
supply line
high power circuit between the current collector or current source and the main circuit breaker or main fuse(s)
on the railway vehicle

3.60
tank for flammable liquid
fixed or portable container for a flammable liquid

3.61
technical cabinet
container of mechanical and/or electrical equipment

Note 1 to entry: A technical cabinet can generate a fire resulting from a technical defect such as an electric arc or
overheating, and it is not occupied during normal operation.

3.62
test specimen
product that is subjected to a procedure of assessment or measurement

Note 1 to entry: It should be representative of the product installed on the train.

3.63
thermal insulation
fire resistance ability of a separation element when exposed to fire on one side to restrict the transmissions of
heat

Note 1 to entry: See also EN ISO 13943.

3.64
traction circuit
high power circuit from main circuit breaker or main fuse(s) carrying the current of the machines and
equipment, at least converters and traction motors, which transmit the traction output

3.65
traction equipment
any equipment belonging to traction units

Note 1 to entry: Traction unit see definition 811-02-04 in IEC 60050-811.

3.66
train
operational formation consisting of several railway vehicles or one or more trainsets

Note 1 to entry: Passenger train is an operational formation accessible to passengers.

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3.67
trainset
fixed formation of railway vehicles that can operate as a train, it is by definition not intended to be reconfigured
except within a workshop environment

Note 1 to entry: Copy of the definition given in Clause 2.2 of 2011/291/EU (CR LOCO & PAS RST TSI) [ref].

3.68
tunnel
For infrastructure subject to the DIRECTIVE 2008/57/EC, A railway tunnel is an excavation or a construction
around the track provided to allow the railway to pass for example higher land, buildings or water. For other
networks not subject to the Directive 2008/57/EC, tunnels are defined in accordance with relevant national
rules

Note 1 to entry: See also TSI SRT.

3.69
tunnel length
For infrastructure subject to the DIRECTIVE 2008/57/EC, the length of a tunnel is defined as the length of the
fully enclosed section, measured at rail level. For other networks not subject to the Directive 2008/57/EC,
tunnel length is defined in accordance with relevant national rules
Note 1 to entry: See also TSI SRT.

3.70
VOF4
cumulative value of specific optical densities in the first 4 min of the test

Note 1 to entry: For full details of how VOF4 is generated, see 5.2 of EN 45545-2:2013.

4 Objectives

4.1 General

The objectives of EN 45545 are to minimize the probability of a fire starting, to control the rate and extent of
fire development and through this, to minimize the impact of the products of fire on passengers and staff. The
objectives are considered in the context of the Operation and Design Categories of the railway vehicle.

The different ignition models within the scope of EN 45545 are described in Annex A and form the basis for
the requirements set out in EN 45545, in particular the material and product test requirements set out in
Part 2.

4.2 Fire resulting from accidental ignition or arson

Ignition models, typically involving newspaper, matches, cigarettes and gas lighters are taken into
consideration for any location freely accessible to passengers and staff. These ignition models (Annex A,
ignition model 1 and ignition model 2) have been taken into account in setting out the requirements contained
in this standard, with the objectives of reducing the risk of:

 fire spreading through the passenger and staff areas (see Part 2 relating to material reaction to fire
properties and Part 3 relating to fire barriers);

 endangering passengers and staff by obscuration of escape routes (see Part 2 relating to material
reaction to fire properties in particular smoke emission, Part 3 relating to fire barriers and Part 4 relating to
design principles and evacuation requirements);

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 endangering passengers and staff by the presence of toxic fumes (see Part 2 relating to material reaction
to fire properties in particular toxic products of combustion).

NOTE The risk of accidental ignition and in particular arson is considerably lower for areas which are exclusively for
the use of staff. Arson attacks are usually most prevalent in relatively empty vehicles where there is less chance of
intervention.

4.3 Fire resulting from technical defects

Ignition models, comparable to electric arcs or abnormal temperatures are taken into consideration (see Part 2
and Part 5). The effects of any flammable gases or flammable liquids which may be present are also taken
into account (see Part 7). These ignition models (Annex A, ignition model 3 and ignition model 4) have been
taken into account in setting out the requirements contained in this standard, with the objectives of reducing
the risk of:

 fire spreading through the passenger and staff areas (see Part 2, Part 3, Part 5 and Part 7);

 endangering passengers and staff by obscuration of escape routes (see Part 2, Part 3, Part 4 and
Part 6);

 endangering passengers and staff by the presence of toxic fumes (see Part 2 and Part 6).

4.4 Fire resulting from larger ignition models than those described in 4.2 and 4.3

The requirements set out in EN 45545 are intended to mitigate the effects of fires larger than the ignition
models described in 4.2 and 4.3 (These larger fires are represented by Annex A, ignition model 5). The
following aspects are considered:

 the arrangement of vehicle interiors, equipment and the arrangement of materials and products to reduce
fire spread and fire effluents (see Part 2, Part 3, Part 4 and Part 5);

 the use of materials and products with higher reaction to fire performance than required to satisfy the
objectives of 4.2 and 4.3 (see Part 2);

 means to contain fire and fire effluents, for example fire barriers (see Part 3);

 vehicle design to aid evacuation generally and to limit fire exposure times (see Part 3 and Part 4);

 vehicle design for running capability in the event of fire to permit continued movement to suitable safe
areas on the infrastructure for evacuation whenever possible (see Part 4) according to the operational
categories as defined in Clause 5 of this document;

 means for fire detection, fire fighting, equipment shut down and evacuation management (see Part 6).

5 Operation Categories and Design Categories of railway vehicles

5.1 General

In consideration of the range of railway vehicle types, operation and infrastructure characteristics, railway
vehicles shall be classified:

 according to the type of service operated and the infrastructure characteristics to give an Operation
Category (see 5.2);

 according to the characteristics of the vehicle design and layout to give a Design Category (see 5.3).

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The Operation Category combined with the Design Category (see 5.3) gives the hazard level which
determines which of the material testing requirements set out in EN 45545-2 are applicable.

The Operation Category determines which of the requirements set out in EN 45545-3 to EN 45545-7 are
applicable.

Vehicles may be allocated to more than one Operation Category subject to all the requirements of all
categories applied being satisfied.

5.2 Operation Categories

5.2.1 General

The Operation Category required for a vehicle shall form part of the vehicle specification.

An acceptable Operation Category or operational categories for a given route, network, service or group of
services should be accepted by the relevant authorities.

Vehicles shall be classified according to the following Operation Categories:

 Operation Category 1;

Vehicles for operation on infrastructure where railway vehicles may be stopped with minimum delay, and
where a safe area can always be reached immediately.

 Operation Category 2;

Vehicles for operation on underground sections, tunnels and/or elevated structures, with side evacuation
available and where there are stations or rescue stations that offer a place of safety to passengers,
reachable within a short running time.

 Operation Category 3;

Vehicles for operation on underground sections, tunnels and/or elevated structures, with side evacuation
available and where there are stations or rescue stations that offer a place of safety to passengers,
reachable within a long running time.

 Operation Category 4.

Vehicles for operation on underground sections, tunnels and/or elevated structures, without side
evacuation available and where there are stations or rescue stations that offer a place of safety to
passengers, reachable within a short running time.

NOTE 1 For information and guidance relating to the characteristics of the infrastructure see Annex B.

NOTE 2 As set out in Annex ZA for vehicles operating on infrastructure subject to the Directive 2008/57/EC, vehicles in
Category A of the SRT TSI are covered by Operation Category 2 and vehicles in Category B of the SRT TSI are covered
by Operation Category 3, subject to the minimum average speed requirements being satisfied.

In the event of activation of a fire alarm or a fire being otherwise detected or reported on a railway vehicle, the
vehicle shall be able to continue in service for the running time specified for the applicable Operation Category
in 5.2.2, 5.2.3 and summarized in Table 1.

5.2.2 Vehicles operating on infrastructure subject to the Directive

The running time for Operation Category 2 vehicles in the event of fire shall be 4 min, running at a minimum
average speed of 80 km/h.

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The running time for Operation Category 3 vehicles in the event of fire shall be 15 min, running at a minimum
average speed of 80 km/h.

5.2.3 Vehicles operating on infrastructure not subject to the Directive

A running time for Operation Category 1 vehicles in the event of fire is not specified as these vehicles may be
stopped with minimum delay and evacuation started.

The running time for Operation Category 2 vehicles in the event of fire shall be 4 min.

The running time for Operation Category 3 vehicles in the event of fire shall be 15 min.

The running time for Operation Category 4 vehicles in the event of fire shall be 4 min.

NOTE The difference between OC2 and OC4 is the infrastructure, see Annex B.

Table 1 — Running time requirements for operational categories

Operation Category Running time Minimum average Minimum average

speed speed
infrastructure subject infrastructure not
to the Directive subject to the Directive
OC 1 Vehicles may stop Not applicable. See No requirement
with minimum delay 5.2.1, Note 2
OC 2 4 min 80 km/h No requirement
OC 3 15 min 80 km/h No requirement
OC 4 4 min No requirement No requirement

5.3 Design Categories

Railway vehicles are additionally classified under the following Design Categories:

 A: vehicles forming part of an automatic train having no emergency trained staff on board;

 D: double decked vehicles;

 S: sleeping and couchette vehicles;

 N: all other vehicles (standard vehicles).

6 Vehicle classification
The classification of the railway vehicle into the relevant categories:

 shall contain the Operation and Design Categories;

 shall be specified in the procurement documents.

EXAMPLES:
 Operation Category 2/standard vehicle: 2 – N;

 Operation Category 3/double decked sleeping car: 3 – DS.

16
 BS EN 45545-1:2013
EN 45545-1:2013 (E)

7 Fire protection measures

The requirements are specified in the relevant parts of EN 45545.

When vehicles are being maintained and/or repaired, all items replaced shall either comply with the
requirements of this document or shall, as a minimum, be of equivalent performance to the item replaced.

To satisfy the objectives of this document, all parts and components replaced during refurbishment shall
comply with the requirements of this standard.

8 Evaluation of conformity

8.1 General

The evaluation of conformity with the fire protection requirements shall include design verification, validation
and quality management.

8.2 Design verification and validation

Conformity declaration of all fire protection measures which are defined in this document shall be submitted. If
required in the relevant parts of EN 45545, this declaration shall include:

 a report demonstrating compliance of the final design to the requirements;

 certification and/or results of fire behaviour test reports for materials and/or components (refers to
EN 45545-2);

 certification and/or results of fire resistance tests, assessments based on fire resistance testing (refers to
EN 45545-3);

 technical documentation, results of type tests for products, components and/or systems (refers to
EN 45545-4 until EN 45545-7).

All tests required by EN 45545 shall be carried out by laboratories accredited for these tests according to
EN ISO/IEC 17025.

8.3 Quality management

Conformity with fire protection requirements shall be demonstrated by the use of an adequate, controlled and
properly maintained quality management system during design, manufacture and refurbishment.

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BS EN 45545-1:2013
EN 45545-1:2013 (E)

Annex A
(informative)

Ignition models within the scope of the document

The material and product fire performance tests (set out in EN 45545-2 and EN 45545-3) and design
requirements (set out in EN 45545-4 to EN 45545-7) typically assume the following ignition models:

Ignition model 1

This represents a typical ignition source due to arson or vandalism, for example newspapers or rubbish. The
ignition model is a flaming source of 3 min duration and average power output of 7 kW generating a flux of
25 kWm-2 to 30 kWm-2.

NOTE The ignition model 1 has been developed from the UIC 564-2 paper cushion.

Ignition model 2

This represents the effect of an early developing fire on surfaces near to the fire, for example horizontal
surfaces of seats and floors. The ignition model is a radiant flux of nominal value 25 kWm-2 applied to an area
of 0,1 m2.

Ignition model 3

This represents the effect of a more developed fire than ignition model 2 or the effect of a developing fire on
surfaces above or alongside the fire, for example wall and ceiling surfaces. The ignition model is a radiant flux
of nominal value 50 kWm-2 applied to an area of 0,1 m2.

Ignition model 4

This represents the effects of arcing, for example resulting from the normal operation of high power electrical
equipment (where Type A arc barriers would be required as set out in EN 45545-5) and low power electronic
equipment faults. The ignition model is a flaming source of power 1 kW and 30 s duration.

Ignition model 5

This represents fires which are more severe than ignition models 1 to 4, for example luggage fires, and arson.
For these fires the ignition model is a flaming source generating a radiant flux of nominal value in the range
20 kWm-2 to 25 kWm-2 applied to an area of 0,7 m2 with an average power output of 75 kW for a period of
2 min followed immediately by a flux of nominal value in the range 40 kWm-2 to 50 kWm-2 applied to the same
0,7 m2 area with an average power output of 150 kW for a period of 8 min.

These five ignition models are used to achieve the objectives set out in 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4.

18
 BS EN 45545-1:2013
EN 45545-1:2013 (E)

Annex B
(informative)

Guidance on the designation of Operation Categories

B.1 Operation Category 1 (OC1)

OC1 is applicable to vehicles which operate on infrastructure where:

 they form part of a train that is within the range of permitted train lengths for that infrastructure;

 side evacuation is normally available and there are no tunnels or elevated structures longer than the
minimum permitted train length where side evacuation is not possible;

 in the event of activation of a fire alarm, braking can be initiated immediately and evacuation to a safe
area can take place as soon as the train has stopped;

 there are only tunnels or elevated sections of no greater than 1 km in length;

 open sections between tunnels and/or elevated structures are longer than the maximum permitted train
length.

B.2 Operation Category 2 (OC2)

OC2 is applicable to vehicles which operate on infrastructure where:

 side evacuation is available;

 there are only tunnels and/or elevated sections of no greater than 5 km in length.

B.3 Operation Category 3 (OC3)

OC3 is applicable to vehicles which operate on infrastructure where:

 side evacuation is available;

 there are tunnels and/or elevated sections greater than 5 km in length.

B.4 Operation Category 4 (OC4)

OC4 is applicable to vehicles which operate on infrastructure where:

 evacuation from either end or both ends of the train is available but side evacuation is not available;

 there are only tunnels and/or elevated sections of no greater than 5 km in length.

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BS EN 45545-1:2013
EN 45545-1:2013 (E)

Annex ZA
(informative)

Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential
Requirements of the Directive 2008/57/EC 1).

Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been
implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the clauses of this
standard given in Table ZA.1 for HS Rolling Stock, Table ZA.2 for CR Locomotives and Passenger Rolling
Stock and Table ZA.3 for the HS/CR TSI Safety in Rail Tunnel, confers, within the limits of the scope of this
standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding Essential Requirements of that Directive and
associated EFTA regulations.

Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard, the HS TSI RST published in the
OJEU dated 26 March 2008 and Directive 2008/57/EC
Clause/ subclauses of Chapter/§/annexes of the Corresponding text, Comments
this European TSI articles/§/annexes of the
Standard Directive 2008/57/EC

The whole standard 4. Characterisation of the Annex III, Essential Operation Category 2
applies except sub- subsystem requirements and 3, as defined in
clause 5.2.3 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 of this
4.2 Functional and 1 General requirements
standard, correspond
technical specification of
1.1 Safety respectively to the
the subsystem
Clauses 1.1.1, 1.1.3, 1.1.4 Category A and B Fire
4.2.7 System protection 1.3 Health safety of the HS-RST-
Clause 1.3.2 TSI.
4.2.7.2 – Fire safety
1.4 Environmental
§4.2.7.2.1 Introduction protection
Annex E – Table E1- Sub-clause 1.4.2
§4.2.7.2 Fire safety 2 Requirements specific
to each subsystem
2.4 Rolling stock
2.4.1 Safety §8
2.4.2 Reliability and
availability

1) This Directive 2008/57/EC adopted on 17th June 2008 is a recast of the previous Directives 96/48/EC ‘Interoperability of
the trans-European high-speed rail system’ and 2001/16/EC ‘Interoperability of the trans-European conventional rail
system’ and revisions thereof by 2004/50/EC ‘Corrigendum to Directive 2004/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 29 April 2004 amending Council Directive 96/48/EC on the interoperability of the trans-European high-speed rail
system and Directive 2001/16/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the interoperability of the trans-
European conventional rail system’.

20
 BS EN 45545-1:2013
EN 45545-1:2013 (E)

Table ZA.2 — Correspondence between this European Standard, the CR LOCO&PAS RST TSI
published in the OJEU on 26 May 2011 and Directive 2008/57/EC
Clause/ subclauses of Chapter/§/annexes of the Corresponding text, Comments
this European TSI articles/§/annexes of the
Standard Directive 2008/57/EC

The whole standard 4.Characterisation of the Annex III,

Essential Operation Category 2
applies except sub- Rolling stock subsystem requirements and 3, as defined in
clause 5.2.3 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 of this
4.2 Functional and 1 General requirements
standard, correspond
technical specifications of
1.1 Safety respectively to the
the subsystem
Sub-clauses 1.1.1, 1.1.3, Category A and B Fire
4.2.10 Fire safety and 1.1.4 safety and evacuation
evacuation 1.3 Health of the TSI.
Sub-clause 1.3.2
4.2.10.1 General and 1.4 Environmental
categorisation protection
Sub-clause 1.4.2
2 Requirements specific
to each subsystem
2.4 Rolling stock
2.4.1 Safety §8
2.4.2 Reliability and
availability

Table ZA.3 — Correspondence between this European Standard, the SRT TSI published in the OJEU
dated 7 March 2008 and Directive 2008/57/EC
Clause/ subclauses of Chapter/§/annexes of the Corresponding text, Comments
this European TSI articles/§/annexes of the
Standard Directive 2008/57/EC

The whole standard 1. Introduction Annex III, Essential Operation Category 2

applies except requirements and 3, as defined in
sub-clause 5.2.3 1.1.3. Fire safety 1 General requirements 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 of this
categories of passenger standard, correspond
rolling stock 1.1 Safety respectively to the
Sub-clauses 1.1.1, 1.1.3, Category A and B Fire
2. Definition of 1.1.4
safety of the TSI.
aspect/scope 1.3 Health
Sub-clause 1.3.2
2.2. The risk scenarios 1.4 Environmental
protection
2.2.1. “Hot” incidents: Fire, Sub-clause 1.4.2
explosion followed by fire, 2 Requirements specific to
emission of toxic smoke or each subsystem
gases.
2.4 Rolling stock
2.4.1 Safety §8
2.4.2 Reliability and
availability

21
BS EN 45545-1:2013
EN 45545-1:2013 (E)

WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within
the scope of this standard

22
 BS EN 45545-1:2013
EN 45545-1:2013 (E)

Bibliography

[1] EN 13501-2:2007+A1:2009, Fire classification of construction products and building elements — Part
2: Classification using data from fire resistance tests, excluding ventilation services

[2] EN ISO 2719, Determination of flash point — Pensky-Martens closed cup method (ISO 2719)

[3] EN 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529)

[4] IEC 60050-811, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) — Chapter 811: Electric traction 2)

[5] IEV 826, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary — Chapter 826: Electrical Installation of Buildings

[6] UIC 564-2, Regulations relating to fire protection and fire-fighting measures in passenger-carrying
railway vehicles or assimilated vehicles used on international services 3)

[7] Directive 2009/142/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 relating to
appliances burning gaseous fuels

[8] 2011/291/EU, Commission Decision of 26 April 2011 concerning a technical specification for
interoperability relating to the rolling stock subsystem — ‘Locomotives and passenger rolling stock’ of
the trans-European conventional rail system

2) IEV references are from IEC 60050-811.

3) May be purchased from: Railway Technical Publications (ETF) 16 rue Jean Rey, F-75015 Paris.

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