Department of Education

Bureau of Learning Delivery

Teaching and Learning Division

Supplementary
Learning Material
for Senior High
School Learners
Grade Level: Grade 12
Specialized Subject: Reading and Writing Skills
Semester: First

 
LEARNING COMPETENCY:
 
 
Identifies the unique features of and requirements in composing texts that are
useful across disciplines (EN11/12RWS-IVdg-12.3)
 
 
 
 
 Project Proposal
 

 
In this module, the meaning and different parts
of a project proposal will be discussed. Samples are
provided to further learning. It is hoped that with the
discussion and activities provided, you will be able to
write your own project proposal.

In this module, you are also provided with

different activities which will enable you to learn the
competencies in writing a position paper. Detailed
explanation has been provided to ensure maximum
use and value of this module.

At the end of the lesson, you must be able to:

 
1. define project proposal;
2. explain the different parts of a project proposal;
3. identify the unique features and requirements of
the proposal; and
4. write a project proposal.
Directions: Match the following terms in column A with their descriptions in
column B. Write your answers in the space provided for.
A B
___1. Methodology A. This part provides background of the
project
___2. Objectives B. Analysis of all the costs anticipated in the
project
___3. Benefits C. Details the different activities the project
will take on
___4. Rationale D. This identifies the problem to be
addressed
___5. Schedule E. Documents that are written for problem
solving
___6. Project proposal F. Duration of time of each activity
___7. Introduction G. Reveal what the project intends to
achieve
___8. Budget H. What can be gained from the proposal
___9. Brainstorming I. A spontaneous group discussion to
produce ideas and ways of solving problems
 
___10. Research J. The systematic investigation into and
study of materials and sources in order to
establish facts and reach new conclusions
 
___11. Present the Problem K. Step of writing the proposal where the
solution is discussed
___12. State your solution L. The last step in writing the proposal
 
___13. Concrete data M. Aim in writing a project proposal
 
___14 Solve a problem N. This backs up your points and claims
___15. Proofreading O. Step of writing the proposal where the
problem is discussed
 Recall
Activity 1: Remember the past

1. Recall a point in your life where you solved a problem.

2. Recall how were you able to go through with it.

3. What were the things you needed to solve it?

4. Relate how was process you went through to solve it.

 Activity 2: Solving a problem

 Direction: Identify the problem in the scenario and suggest

possible solutions to this problem.

 
Being the team leader, Tom is responsible for giving a bonus to
factory workers that have a perfect attendance during the month. One worker
missed one day due to a death in the family. The worker starts crying in
Tom’s office and tells Tom that she needs the bonus desperately, since she
has not paid her previous house rent. The rules are clear, that the bonus is
only for those with perfect attendance. Unfortunately, Tom does not have the
authority to make exceptions to the rule. What should Tom do?
 

Write the problem here:

Write the possible solutions here:

Solution 1:

Solution 2:

Solution 3:
 Answer the following questions.
 
1. How do you feel about solving a problem?

2. Is it easy to solve a problem? Why or why not?

3. What were the things you considered in solving Tom’s problem?

4. What would you think will happen if Tom was not able to solve the problem?

5. What do you think will be the reaction of the concerned employee?

 Let us now discuss what
a project proposal is and
let’s find out why is it
important.

Project proposal

A project proposal is a document that tries to persuade the reader to

implement a proposed plan or approve a proposed project. The writer tries to
convince the reader that the proposed plan or project is worth doing (worth the
time, energy, and expense necessary to implement or see through), that the
author represents the best candidate for implementing the idea, and that it will
result in tangible benefits.

Proposals in the professional world are used for internal (within an

organization) and external (from one organization to another) purposes. They
are ways of generating income for companies or seeking funding for projects.
They are usually written in response to Request for Proposal (RFP), which
funding agencies send out. Interested organizations send proposals following
the requirements stipulated in the RFP. Requesting parties are thus able to
compare different responses to a problem. Thus, it is clear that a proposal
provides a plan to satisfy a need.
 
A proposal stands out depending on its ability to clearly answer questions
about what is being proposed, how the plan will be carried out, when it will be
implemented, and how much money will be needed or spent. In other words,
they are persuasive documents that need to do the following: highlight reader
benefits, prove your credibility in carrying out the project, and allow the reader to
respond easily.
 

Why do you need a project proposal?

First and foremost, a proposal is required to get executive buy-in for a

new project, program, or service at your organization. Secondly, it is used to get
everyone on the team thinking about the same goals and priorities. Lastly, it
serves as a way for the organization to know when they need to make new
hiring decisions or budget adjustments. Successful organizations get granular
with their project proposals and engage in project planning before seeking out
budget or executive buy-in.
 Guidelines in Writing the Proposal
 
1. Gathering the Data. An effective proposal is well researched. It needs
concrete data to back up its claims for it to become more credible. You can
gather data from primary and secondary sources, and apply the strategies that
you learned in writing a research paper in the previous lessons.
 
2. Organizing the Data. A proposal becomes more effective if the
information on it are clearly organized. Below is a pattern to organize your
project proposal.
 
 

Name of the Project The title should be clear and unambiguous

(do not make it "cute"). Think of your title as a
mini-abstract. A good title should paint a quick
picture for the reader of the key idea(s) of your
project proposal. The words you use in your title
should clearly reflect the focus of your proposal. 

Rationale The Problem Statement/Project Rationale

gives an explanation about the issue that is
being addressed by the project. It also argues in
favor of implementing the project in the
proposed area in the existing conditions.

It gives a detailed explanation of why the

project is required in the area. In other words, it
describes the issues and problems the
community is facing and how your organization
and the proposed project will address them with
the funding support expected from the donor.

General Objective It is a broad statement that defines what you

plan to do in a project. It gives an idea to the
reader of what problem your organization
intends to address.
PROJECT OBJECTIVE/S  
(SPECIFIC These are detailed statements describing the
OBJECTIVES): ways through which you intend to achieve the
SMART-Specific, goal.
Measurable, Attainable,  
Result-oriented and with
Timeframe
Methodology This details the different activities the project
will take on, including the manpower (I.e., the
people involved and their duties) and resources
to be utilized, and the expanded output.

Benefit This shows what the reader or the target

audience can gain from the proposal, which
may be improvements in processes or systems,
an increase in revenue, or a change in behavior
of the beneficiaries of the proposal.

Schedule This discusses the task duration and expected

start and end dates of each activity in the
project.

Budget This presents an analysis of all the costs

anticipated in the project, which can be itemized
or shown as a whole, depending on the needs of
the project.
 Let us now familiarize
the steps in writing the
project proposal.

3. Steps in Writing the Proposal

Step 1: Hold a Brainstorm Session

 
Brainstorming is a spontaneous group discussion to produce ideas
and ways of solving problems. In order to get the support that you need and the
results that you want, it’s vital to address the correct people. So, start by
brainstorming who the recipient of your proposal should be. Depending on the
purpose of your proposal, your audience may be easy to define. If it is, you’re
ready to start analyzing your audience.
 
If you’re presenting it to a board, think about how familiar they
already are with the topic. Based on this answer, you may need to provide more
background information or details. On the other hand, you may be able to skip
this part and focus on the solution to the problem instead.

As you consider your audience, you should also think about what
you can do to make your writing engaging. Consider the audience’s hobbies and
interests as you come up with a way to capture their attention right from the
beginning. By doing this, you can increase the chances that your proposal will
get more than a quick scan.

Step 2: Research

Before you sit down to write your proposal, you need to do some
research. Research is one of the best ways to build your credibility on the topic.
It also helps you prove that there is a problem and you have the best solution
for it.
 You can find examples, facts, figures, charts, graphs, and other data to
include. Since you want to avoid using only your opinion to support your
proposal, you need to find the best information to back up your points and gain
support from your intended audience. In some cases, you may need to gather
the data on your own. You may need to get out and conduct surveys, gathering
your own data to prove your point.
 
Step 3: Hook the Reader

As previously stated, it’s important to capture your reader’s attention from

the beginning. Your introduction should do two things: engage the reader, and
set yourself up as a credible source. On top of hooking the reader, you need to
provide background information on the topic. Remember that you should
consider your audience as you determine how much background information is
necessary. As you do this, you don’t want to ramble on and on. Instead, think
about interesting facts that could get your audience thinking about the topic.

 
If you’re introducing your business to your audience, this would be a
great time to deliver your company’s mission statement. Give a little information
about your company’s history and your professional background, too.

Step 4: Present the Problem

In the next section, you need to define the problem. What is the issue
that you hope to resolve? Address the cause of the problem and the side effects
that have occurred because of it. Most importantly, don’t forget to discuss why
this is a problem worth addressing.

This is the time to demonstrate your knowledge. Discuss the problem

using your own experience; however, don’t forget to include the facts and
figures that you gathered during your research. As mentioned before, think
about your audience as you decide how in-depth you need to go on the topic.
 
Step 5: State Your Solution

Now that your audience is well aware of the problem, it’s time to discuss
your proposed solution to it. How will you solve the problem? Why should they
follow this solution over another? You may want to discuss some of the other
solutions that others may propose and discuss why these are not viable options.
If they are viable, then discuss why your solution is better. Will it cost less or
have a greater impact?
 Since you are writing this proposal to gain support, this document should
be persuasive in nature. Remember this as you discuss the solution. Not only
you need to convince your audience that this is the best solution to the problem,
you also want them to get behind you. As you write out the solution, think about
what you could include to support your ideas, and convince others that they
should support them too. Include case studies, examples of people who used a
similar approach, facts, and statistics to show why your approach is the right
one. You could even try the solution on a smaller scale to show the results.

Step 6: Outline the Project

While you state the solution, take some time to discuss the feasibility of
your project. Discuss the plan as if you already got the greenlight for it. Have a
schedule laid out with the start and end date. Let them know how the steps
should happen and whether or not anything can happen simultaneously.

As you plan the schedule, multiply the time you think it will take by 1.5. So, if
you think it will take 10 hours to complete the first step, plan for 15 hours
instead (10 x 1.5 = 15 hours). Overestimating will account for any unexpected
issues that arise. Besides, clients probably prefer getting the results ahead of
schedule rather than behind schedule.

It’s also important to talk about the budget. How much will it cost to implement
your solution? Break it down as much as possible, itemizing at each step of the
way. If you’re looking for financial backing, it’s important to know your numbers
and share them with your audience. Make sure that you have a realistic budget
that will clearly show your audience what everything will cost, and how much
you’ll need to make it happen.

Step 7: Bring It All Together

The final part of your proposal is the conclusion. How will you bring
everything together? What ideas you want your audience to remember? In the
conclusion, emphasize the most important parts. You’ll probably want to briefly
restate the problem and the solution. You could also reiterate interesting facts
that will help your proposal stand out to others.

Step 8: Proofread Your Proposal

Knowing how to write a proposal would not be complete without this step!
Before sending any document out, you need to take time to proofread it. Your
writing will make an impression on your audience. Minor errors in spelling,
grammar, or punctuation could leave a negative impression, and impact the
support for your proposal. Once you’ve spent time correcting it, send it to
someone you trust to look it over again. The more people who can check for
errors, the better!
 
 
 
 UNIQUE FEATURES OF A PROJECT
PROPOSAL
 
Now, let us talk about
the unique features of a
Basic Features
project proposal.

 a description of the problem

 the causes of the problem

 the consequences the problem remain

1. A well-stated definition of the unsolved
problem

 arguments in favor of your solution

 some hints as to how to implement the

2. A clearly stated proposal to solution
solve the problem

 alternative solutions for the problem

 acceptance or refutation in each

3. Awareness of alternative alternative solution
proposals

 positive effects of your proposal, for

4. An evaluation of the benefits example, cost benefits or sustainability
of your proposal
Examine the simplified sample below
which is an actual project proposal taken from an awareness of possible objections to
the School Improvement Plan (SIP) where the your proposal that you, in turn, argue
5. Possible counter
writer teaches, Alvindia-Aguso High School in against
arguments to your proposal
Tarlac City, Tarlac. Some parts are added
depending on the need of the project.  the needs, convictions and prejudices
of the readers are taken into account

 the information selected is neither too

basic nor too narrow for your audience’s
6. A careful analysis of your knowledge base
audience

 irony and sarcasm are avoided (unless

it is your specific purpose to be ironic)

 counterarguments are fairly and

reasonably evaluated, without attacking
those who disagree with you

 the appeal is to the intellect rather than

to the emotions (although appealing to the
emotions subtly is likely to be necessary at
times as part of the persuasive tone – see
persuasive writing).
7. A reasonable, sensible tone
Name of the Project
Rationale
General Objective
PROJECT OBJECTIVE/S
(SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES):
SMART-Specific,
Measurable, Attainable,
Result-oriented and with
Timeframe
Key changes in my school
as a result of this project
Target Competency
Improvement
Describe current situation
(problem or opportunity) in
your school that you need
to address through your
project.
READ ME
(Read Every day Avoid Dismay Mentor Each other )
This project aimed to help and develop the reading
ability of the students who are having difficulties in
reading, and encourage the students to read and
mentor each other in support of DepEd’s “Every
Child a Reader Program.”
To improve and develop the Literacy of the students
in Alvindia-Aguso High School
 To help and develop the reading ability of the
students who are having difficulties in
reading.
 To encourage the learners to have love for
reading.
 To lessen the number of slow and frustrated
readers.
 To achieve zero percent of nonreaders in the
school.
To improve and develop the Literacy of the students
in Alvindia Aguso High School
Literacy of the students
Problems in reading proficiency of the students:
 Poor reading comprehension
 Slow readers
 Non readers
 Poor pronunciation
 Limited vocabulary
 Misspelled words
 Lack of confidence using the English Language
 in writing and speaking

Start date October 10, 2019

Length of project Quarterly/Year - round

Expected Outputs Zero percent non-readers in the school

Less number of slow and frustrated readers

Beneficiary/ies Students of Alvindia Aguso High School

Chairperson and Members School Heads and the Language Teachers

Target Milestone Actions  Responsible Support Needed Target Date 

Person from:  When will this
Who will do this step? step be
accomplished?
-Reading tme will Language teachers
Applying GRASP -School Heads
be done every day
during 4:15 to 4:30 The project will
(Grab Reading -Teachers
p.m. start on October
Recovery Allow
Someone to be - Parents of the 14, 2019
-Monitoring of the
your Peer) students
project

The Language Language teachers -School Heads

teachers will give
Assessment of the written activities to -Faculty
students’ learning the students Monthly
- Parents of the
(e.g. short stories) students

The language Language teachers

teachers will listen
to the students’ -School Heads
reading
Assessment of the -Faculty
Monthly
students’ learning (words that have - Parents of the
consonant blends, students
diphthongs and
such)
 Activity 3: Fill in the graph

Direction: Identify the parts of the project proposal by filling in the

graph below.

Parts of the Project Proposal

Parts of the Project Proposal

Project Proposal
 Before we go to the
activities, it is important
Sum up
that you take note of all
the important ideas
about a project proposal.

Project proposal

A project proposal is a document that tries to persuade the reader to

implement a proposed plan or approve a proposed project. The writer tries to
convince the reader that the proposed plan or project is worth doing (worth the
time, energy, and expense necessary to implement or see through), that the
author represents the best candidate for implementing the idea, and that it will
result in tangible benefits.

Why do you need a project proposal?

First and foremost, a proposal is required to get executive buy-in for a

new project, program, or service at your organization. Secondly, it is used to get
everyone on the team thinking about the same goals and priorities. Lastly, it
serves as a way for the organization to know when they need to make new
hiring decisions or budget adjustments. Successful organizations get granular
with their project proposals and engage in project planning before seeking out
budget or executive buy-in.
 
Guidelines in Writing the Proposal
 
1. Gathering the Data. An effective proposal is well researched. It needs
concrete data to back up its claims for it to become more credible. You can
gather data from primary and secondary sources, and apply the strategies that
you learned in writing a research paper in the previous lessons.

2. Organizing the Data. A proposal becomes more effective if the

information on it are clearly organized. Below is a pattern to organize your
project proposal.

3. Steps in Writing the Proposal.

Step 1: Hold a brainstorm session
Step 2: Research
Step 3: Hook the reader
Step 4: Present the problem
 Activity 4: Know the process

Directions: Write the steps on how to write a project proposal using the flow
chart below.

Steps in Writing the Proposal

Activity 5: Fill in the graph

Direction: List down and describe the unique features of a project

proposal using the graph below.

Unique Features of a Project Proposal

Unique Features
Description
 Activity 6: Make your own
 
Directions: Read and analyze the scenario, then, do what is asked.

As a Grade 11/12 student in Ang Malaya High School, you notice that one of
the main problems in your school is the waste management because students
always throw garbage everywhere in the school campus. Additionally, the school
has no concrete plan on how to solve it. How would you help to solve the
problem?
Using the table below, write a project proposal that you strongly believe will
solve or at least lessen the problem in waste management. Write you project
proposal in your Reading and Writing activity notebook.

Name of the Project

Rationale

General Objective

PROJECT OBJECTIVE/S (SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES):

SMART-Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Result-
oriented and with Timeframe

Key changes in my school as a result of this project

Target Competency Improvement

Describe current situation (problem or opportunity) in

your school that you need to address through your
project

Start date

Length of project

Expected Outputs
Beneficiary/ies

Chairperson and Members

Activity 7: Drain the flood

Direction: Knowing the important parts of a project proposal, identify the

problem in the picture below, then think of possible solutions to the identified
problem. Copy the table in your Reading and Writing activity notebook and fill
it with necessary information to create your own project proposal.

Photo by: Edsel L. Natividad

In this lesson...
 
I have learned that . . .

I have known that . . .

I can now . . .

I can apply this learning to . . .

Because of this lesson, I am now able to...

 Learn more
Direction: Answer the following questions.

1. Why knowing how to write a project proposal important?

2. What is the main goal of writing a project proposal?

3. Why are the steps in writing a project proposal important?

4. What is the benefit of a project proposal?

 Directions: Read the following questions and fill in the missing words. Choose
your answer from the given options.

1. ______________ are the things that people can expect from the project.
 
A. Methodology
B. Benefits
C. Rationale
D. Objectives
 
2. ______________is a document that is written to solve a certain problem.
 
A. Introduction
B. Objectives
C. Rationale
D. Project proposal
 
3. In the _______________, the background of the project is explained.
 
A. Schedule
B. Methodology
C. Introduction
D. Objectives
 
4. ________________contains the activities the project will take on to attain
its goal.
 
A. Methodology
B. Introduction
C. Objectives
D. Rationale
 
5. The _____________ shows the expenses needed in the project.
 
A. Rationale
B. Budget
C. Objectives
D. Introduction
 
 
6. The ______________explains why is there a need to conduct the project.
 
A. Objectives
B. Rationale
C. Introduction
D. Methodology
 
7. The _____________shows the start and end time of the project.
 
A. Rationale
B. Introduction
C. Budget
D. Schedule
 
8. The _________________ contains what the project aims to attain in terms of
goal.
 
A. Introduction
B. Methodology
C. Objectives
D. Rationale
 
9. ___________ is one of the best ways to build your credibility on the topic.
 
A. Objectives
B. Rationale
C. Research
D. Methodology
 
10. Your _____________ should do two things: engage the reader, and set
yourself up as a credible source.
 
A. Introduction
B. Methodology
C. Objectives
D. Rationale
Glossary

The terms used in this module are defined as follows:

 
Benefits - These show what the reader or the target audience can
gain from the proposal, which may be improvements in processes or systems,
an increase in revenue, or a change in behavior of the beneficiaries of the
proposal.
 
Budget - This presents an analysis of all the costs anticipated in
the project, which can be itemized or shown as a whole, depending on the
needs of the project.
 
Introduction - This is the part of a project proposal where the
background necessary for understanding the project is written.
 
Methodology - This details the different activities the project will
take on, including the manpower (I.e., the people involved and their duties) and
resources to be utilized, and the expanded output.
 
Objectives – This is what the project intends to achieve in terms
of results. It also gives the reader an idea of the intended solution. Good
objectives are SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, results oriented, and
bound within a realistic time frame).
 
Project proposals- These are documents that are written for
problem solving, service provision, event planning, or equipment selling.
 
Rationale - This is the part of the project proposal the need to
solve it them problem is explained.
 

 
 References
 
Goodwin, Jamie . How to Write a Proposal in 8 Steps. Accessed May 18,
2020. https://magoosh.com/pro-writing/how-to-write-a-proposal/

Suzan Last , Technical Writing Essentials, Accessed May 18, 2020.

https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/technicalwriting/chapter/proposals/

https://www.umass.edu/cfr/grant-writing/basic-components-proposal?
fbclid=IwAR2QOqwY2eseMgrYeeEe7K649zyIQ8f6EWeF__8dBuZ7ALygnJY6D
KhOgoY

Agnes Scott College , Parts of a Proposal. Accessed May 18, 2020.

https://www.agnesscott.edu/sponsoredprograms/parts-of-a-proposal.html

Primary Components of a Research Proposal, Accessed May 18,

2020.https://guides.library.illinois.edu/c.php?
g=504643&p=3454882&fbclid=IwAR2le2ibyGeh4XNUQ1wu81DOmHZemmz6O
gjip0nuBU23OChRhMAN6hojeN0

How to Create a Project Proposal. Accessed May 18, 2020.

https://www.projectmanager.com/academy/how-to-make-a-project-proposal?
fbclid=IwAR2sTNr3wd9L34_uNWzMmGXCsIGgG80Zhkv4Q1LZTYNfzjZFfHQb
dW6WZmE

 
Answer Key

Recall
1. C
Activity 1: Remember the past
2. G
Students’ answers may vary
3. H

4. D

5. F

6. E

7. A
Activity 2: Solving a problem
Students’ answers may vary
8. B

9. B

10. J

11. O

12. K Students’ answers may vary

13. N

14. M
Activity 3: Fill in the graph
15. L  
Name/title Benefit
Rationale Schedule
General objective Budget
Specific objective
Methodology
 
 Activity 4: Know the process
Step 1: Hold a brainstorm session
Step 2: Research
Step 3: Hook the reader
Step 4: Present the problem
Step 5: State your solution
Step 6: Outline the project
Step 7: Bring it all together
Step 8: Proofread your proposal

Activity 5: Fill in the graph

Student’s score will be based on the rubric attached herewith
1. 1. A well-stated definition of the problem
2. A clearly stated proposal to solve the problem
3. Awareness of alternative proposals
4. An evaluation of the benefits of your proposal
5. Possible counter arguments to your proposal
6. A careful analysis of your audience
7. A reasonable, sensible tone

Activity 6: Make your own

Students’ scores will be based on a rubric attached herewith

Activity 7: Drain the flood

Students’ scores will be based on a rubric attached herewith

Learn more
Students’ scores will be based on a rubric attached herewith

1. B 5. B 9. C

2. D 6. B 10. A

3. C 7. D

4. A 8. C
Prepared by:

EDSEL L. NATIVIDAD
Teacher II
Tarlac City Schools Division
Region III - Central Luzon
0907 627 4303
edselnatividad@deped.gov.ph