ESTIMATION OF WIND INDUCED ACCELERATION AND CRITERIA OF HUMAN COMFORT IN ATC TALL STRUCTURES In modern buildings, more slender and light sutures ae being constusted dete the reasons of economy of space, foundation requirements, material outlay, elegance ec, resulting that these structures are move responsive to dynamic forces tf essen tht in response fo the dynamic forces, the building structure should prodice minimum adverse fect forthe people working ce ving beings in building, Ofen the likely motion of planed structure fas to be eaeulted inorder to asses probable response tothe vibration of tose ‘who will us the suetre. The check fr serviceability limit tate fr vibration i tal mw @ ays for slender and tall structures. This poper costins the comprehensive study ofthe ‘various international codes equiements for serviceability imi state of vibrations, meted of ‘alealaton of aewal response of srciure and allowable limit of response ofthe structs at sta foeaions, Tue main aim of this paper resenation in thet during preliminary sage desig wg eration bused on various codes empirical formulas and later ensure finally 1ST in the allowable Tinie using detailed study Uke wind tuone test. During the iil stage oF design the empirical formula given in vafous ‘odes are used to obtain preliminary sizing of siactural members and later during detiled esign itis provided. VARIOUS CODE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LIMIT. STATE OF SERVICEABILITY - VIBRATION 18S 81101-1997, clause 22.5, Vibration states that dlcomfort or slarm to occupints sirvtura damage and interference with proper function should be avoided. Isoation othe source of vibration ofall of the structure may be needed. Flexible structure slemens may require special consideration. Acceptable vibration limits ate described in special erate, CCanaia National Building Codes 2005 Volume-, Clase. 4.136 (3) slates that a builing siscetle fo lateral vibration under wind load shal be designed in acerdce with ale 4.1.72. 0 thatthe vibrations wl have no significant adverse efets on the intended we and ‘occupancy ofthe building. Clause 4.7.2 states tat buildings whose heights greats tan $ times thir minimum effecive width oF greater than 120m end other buildings whose light weight low frequeney and low damping properties make them susceptible to vibvaton shall be designed By experimental methods forthe danger of dynamis overloading, vbetion ane the effects of fatigue (example wind tuonel et ete.) (0) '. By using adjaamic approach 1 the action of wind uss (osing empirical formel) 180 68971984 and 1S 14732-2000 states that allowances ae made forthe fst that wind and ‘raves shall be expected fo cause motion ofthese stuetures whieh in addition, are geneity ‘manned by tuned personnel who are prepared to acept seme dros of motion so lengas i doesnot present heath hazard oc interfere withthe effet operation ofthe instalation1. The probable motion of a proposed stracne can generally be found by suture jammies using the site ffness and mass, the wind oF wind and wave spec, the svete shape, ampest and roughness, and tbe appropriate topogrphicl porameters. (@) 1b, Wind tunnel and wave tank studies using aerodynamic ad Mud dynamis models can alipbe used o determine he ikely motion of stuctes. In vier to check the fet of wind induced vibration in all ulin, te above ces desi two eto. Theft mao fs sng empirical forula ocala He scl teeteraton (yan sacral spose of stu) at th equ eve. This methods trliminay sth ge italy ding design fx the ie of vain tae eames thin re bce fo SLRs dans popes such as fundamental fegueney, mass od incr merat oferta, The send Met is accurate metho. Wied tants for tl tangs sbjected to wind Joan iste aerate metho calla the atl aeeeatin st reqived lovel of arvcture bed on actual dynamic propees of structure sich a fimiaental fequeney, mase and mass aximent of tera of sctre, The actel deceleration i then compored ith and Ket lesser than the lovable Lan ie ae recommended in cades or rae pers. ee EXAMPLE: PROBLEM 10 FIND OUT; WIND INDUCED VIBRATION AND (CHECKING OF HUMAN COMFORT “The Air Traife Control (ATC) tower sirtture at Salleh Intematocal Airport is taken for -ixeample problem to calcu the wind induced dynamic response of structure and ‘compored ih allowable Tink. The Human corfor: va of te staf working at consol room at top of ATC tower is shécked. The maia funtion of the ier Isto provide an Aerodrome Control Servic fom the Visual Control Room (VCR) at top. (Height oP ATC tower $6.26), The VER room provides wntrupted 360° view of Runways Tay ‘Apron and Runway approaches, The following figures dept he isometric and secticn views ofATCrowe etn are’ Tower-Sectonal view AT Tower- Isometric view‘Calculation of actual acceleration using Himpirical formula given Canada NBC In User guide, Gnade NBC 2005 structural Commentaries (Par 4.of Division B), point 74 & 75 st, while the maximum ltrs wind loading and defection ae generally inthe drtion parallel to the wind (ie, long wind diestion), the maximum acceleration of a buiding Jeading to possible human perception of motion ar even discomfort may occur fn the Airsction perpendicular to the wind (e, seross wind dizecton), The accelerations in a building ate very dependent on the building's shape, orientation and bullting fom surounding structures. However data on peak across wind aoceeraton at tp of the buling fiom a variety of turbulent boundary layer wind tunnel studies exhibit much ster eund tethonag ama ee ava (Sr) In ess slender strictures aid for Tower wind specs the maximum acceleration may be inthe along wind uiretion and may be exited fom the fllowing expression, tig, (EEF 8 conte tn [EE B Te | 0866 Th [anal al sea and fs | oso] fundamental natural frequency in slong-wind direction W [ake | a ease [ie [moss ete wi [ar [| nein te ep Ps _| 866 | Keim’ | average density of the building | 9.81 | mis? [acceleration due to gravity Ste ee a en Sto | ier eed deen, Fe | oi |_| nfl depict io fo | 061 | | asin fie pigs wing en cal 14 | [epnwen Ve [335 | [econ WBC F [ait | —|paemerete 5 [005 | [ie in [ae | Tiree ¥_ [0486 95 [eagerae peak str | 107 eckground ible? for wn [0305 coefient of variation [220 pst ele or ax | 200 | Rin? | rons wind acelin parame Fras | o.roR [mi [across wind aceteration we [OE | tt | nk can Weak Vals Aaa [Peak vaive Ang Diretion | windasclenton | wind ecloraon ‘lia Xedeaton 1080 *ieton 080 on CCatelation of atu) accleraion wing Emp oral given 5 875 (Prt 3) =1987 ‘Clase 83. sites tharthe peak aveclertion slong wind dreton at top ofthe sre is live by the following formals 5 Tandamentl rautlfequensy along X wind dection fix | 0866 | Fe fy | 0.852 |W | Rndametal aire requzney along ¥ wind direction eis deistion in the posidon wher The accelerations He | HOAS | mom | raquied along Xodiration (0.714 5-10.15) | toon | mam | Mean deficcton nie poston wer the acon % 1 | required slong Yavention (0.714.33°10.03) ** Pra peak ctor and roughness factor S| oor Size eduction Ttor ‘ieasure of aallableecigy wind Sear ae natal EBs frequency of structure | o0l6 Damping Ceeicient x | ros | | peat acceleration wind in X-diestion‘The human comfort is tobe checked for 10 years rer period of wind led But the static wind toads given are for 0 years eta period in vind tunnel repr. Hence to calcul the Iateral displacement due 10 wind load for 10 yeace rtum period 0.7 times eral, Aiplacement of $0 years return period i used as per ASCE 7-05, cee ‘Peak value along wind acceleration E =] Calculation of actual acceleration using Wind Tuanel Test. ‘The ATC tower structure is modelled using 3D Finite Element software “ETABS”. The yamie sractural properties such as findamental fegveneie for first three modes, mass, ‘mass mament of inca and geometry of stustute are given as ints for doing wind tnd ‘est. BLWTL (Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Laboralony) at Ontario conducted the wind tunel eet. Tse Pored 2.37 See Te Parad. 58¢ ie ead 041 Sac ‘Te periods for fst thee modes (ETABS output)‘Mass and Mass moment of nea (ETABS output) ee saree te = te aes oe as te aren foie ae eee i ete ts Sate tt ope aes ‘Wind Tunnel estreauls showing actual aeseeraton at VCR Noor level of ATC ower Actual acceleration for 10 year retum ptiod of wind = 10.9 ills (less than 11.4 milleg) Allovable aceleration at VER flor level (specified by eens constant. 180 689751987 and NBC Canad recommend allowable limit of sceelrtion for various ‘pes of buildings and particular retun period wind fowever in Salalah nteratons! Airport Projectlints constant specified moe stringent criteria of accpiable level of comfort or the staff working & top of ATC tower. The aceptable fevel acceleration of tower sll ‘comply with “Comfort eter for wind induced motion io siucture” by W. H. Melboure (ef the diagram below. Tae arah shows for 1, 10 and 20 years wind etm period. For Salalah pojet etn period of 1D years is chosen as acoepale fit Acceptble acceleration for fanamenial asa requeney of traci 0.866 is 1.4 millstan Farms reauen farce ‘Comfort extern for wind induce motion in structure” by W. HL Mefboume EXAMPLE2 PROBLEM TO FIND OUT WIND INDUCED VIBRATION sND (CHECKING OF HUMAN ComFORT ‘The Air Traffic Control (ATC) tower stuctue af Muméai Intemational Aiport is taken for live eximpie problem to calculate the wind induced dynamic response of structure and compared with allowable Timit. The Human comfort level ofthe stat working at conto] room st fop of ATC tower is checked. The main funtion of the tower is 10 provide an ‘Aerodrome Cont Sarvice stom the Visual Coneal Room (VCR) atop. (sight of ATC tower = $3.8). The VCR room provides uniterupted 360° view of Runways, Tsivays, ‘Apron and Runway approaches, The following figures depict he isomewie and section Views Of ATC ower,ee Calculation of actual acceleration using Papirical forma given Canada NBC {User guid, Canada NBC 2005 sametural Commentaries (Part of Division B), pint 74d 75 stat, while the maximum ler wind loading and detection ae genealyin he diseten pale! tothe wind Ge, along svind dtetion), the maxianum aceleration of a bil Teading to posible human peeption of ition or even discomfort may. ooour in he ection perpeniculr to the wind (je, across wind direction). The seceleations in a Tailding are very dependent on she ilting’s shape ovientatinn and feng from surrounding sructares. However data on peak across wind asceleaton atop ofthe bling fiom a variety of tarbulent bouncy ayer wind tunel studies exhibit much seater arourd the following formula. ae Gon) Sn es slondersructures and for lower wind spetds, he ainum aselerton may be inthe long wind diction and may be estimated fem dhe follwing expeston‘ee [0568 | He | Rindomens mal equneyinasos-vind diction fe | 0,593 | He | fundamental naval frequency in longewind diecton |__| m_ [Reo ofite sroine Ww [6s [a foosenind etecve with © [8 | a | agewind teive ph pe | 385 | A [evap det ft wing & 9.81 _| m/s? | acceleration due to gravity a onn ) m | Rasinumn winded ined deeoion athe wp ofthe tung in alg wind ieion [em Faction ori doping in cos deton Bo 0.01 ‘fraction of eritical damping in along-wine direction Gat | La13e61 |_| frexpoure A Ve] 2055 | le | aconting i NBC Canad § | oatsse |_| aus cwry rato S_[o.0s9636) | sia reduction factor _|_ 008 ocexponureA V__| oso | 3 | vege sonra we _|390s99| | peak tence B | 09 ‘eek ound lees itor ati | 025859 | | cetsencot variation G_|RoaTssi weft itor a | 2.484373 | 2" | scross wind eceertion parameter {959778 | mi | seo wind asso | 0087158] wi [along wind aselrin Tak Value Anos Peake Along Diecion | Wavesdienton | widiecatn Xeon a a Yeiection a aCalealation of tual acecleraton using Empirical formula given 1S 875 (Part 3)- 1987 (Cause 8.3.1 sae ha he peak aceleration aon wind ditestion top ofthe sacar is given bythe following fara « cents or fi |. 0866 [Fie [ fname natu! reguency along XWin dseion fy | 082 [th | findamena natal Requeey along ¥- wind drction el aois | mm | Meas detec inthe posiion where ke woven = required along -X-ivevion(0.7-14.5=10,1)°™ Se) ra0s Tam | Met deecton in the positon where the sceeaton & i reguted slong Y-drexion (0.718 3310.03)" Pra ie PEA fet and roughness coe s|_oo7 Sue reduction itor ‘Measare oF valle ary a Wind ea aE naa ee lee frequency of suture F [Come |__| Damping Coeticien [1108 | wig” | Peak aceceraton wind Xe drestion ‘Ue human camtot isto Be checked for 10 years etum perio of Wind ood, But the atc ‘wind Joads given ae fr 50 yeas cern prod in wind tunnel repo: Hence t calle te Tawral displacement due > wind load for 10 years retum peed 0.7 times late Aiplacetet of $0 years retin period is wie ws pec ASCE 7-05. Saka Rate aig wna csicaien (alg) Teen i Yeisen nae CCateuaton of actnal acceleration wsing Wind Tone! Test, The ATC tower sirvetue i modelled using 3D Flrite Blewent sofware “ETABS". The tyme seul popes such es Fundamental faqusncies for frst ree modes, mas, rims moment of ine and goometry of sracture are given a inputs for doing wid tne! text BLWTL, (Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Laboraton) st Ontaio conducted the wind mel es,Wind Tun! Test Model ‘Time peiods fr firs thee modes (ETABS output) ; ie 3 Note 2 Mode 3 sine Peo 3.28 TimeParos 147 ene ed AS ‘Mas and Mass moment of Inertia (ETABS output) ‘Wind Tunnel test resus showing actual oceleration at VCR floor eve of ATC towerans aera ae ee ae eet Actual acceleration for 10 yo eta piod of wind = 10.9 ail-g shan 14 Allowable aceleration at VCR Noor level (specified by liens consultant) 180 6997:1987 aed NBC Canada tecommend allowable limit of acceleration for various types of buildings and particule return peiod wind. However in Mumba Iotrmatina! Alrpr. project elem’ consultant specified mace stringent criteria of acceptable Kvel af ‘comfort forthe staff orig atop of ATC tower. The accopable evel acceleration of tower shall comply with “Comfor extra for wind induced moon in sincture™ by WT “Melbourne (refer the diagram belo), The graph shows for 1, 10-and 20 years wind retum period, For Muni projet rtm perod of 10 years is ehosen as acceptable imi _Accepableaoelertion for furan natura regueney of structure 0.866 11.4 mille fect Fadaeateney Comfort rteria for wind induced motion in ttre” by W. H. Mebone CONCLUSION, “The silultion of acceleration wing ermpcical formula by various codes and acewae rncthod sing wind tunel study are deserited and presented in tls paper. Generally the tcelerations by erpiialfrmmla vary about 10% to 20% compared with accurate method find tne test Here the acelertionsealulated using empiri forma ae more thin the aoeptble lini. This x because of stringent requirement of acceptable comfort level by otis consultant. The acceptable Unit of weceleratin for ATC tower is not mentioned syifaly in various codes, but es per referonoe 5, for office bulls which ean beconsidered equivalent t ATC tower, the allowable limit of acceleration for 10 year wind return prio fs 10:0 15 mills It is tobe noted thatthe asceertioncaleulation by mpc ‘method above falls within this ange. RECOMMENDATIONS ‘The empitieal formula can be used intally during structural design stage fr pretimhary cstmation acceleration at required locations to finalise structural element sizes. Later the same can be verified by doing accurate method of wind tunnel test and compared wit allowable limito prove within the Fit. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT “The author would like to thank all the srutual design team members involved in ATC tower sirictral anaiysis and design process for Salalah Intemational Airport Proje! for providing continuous suppor o bring this work grand sucess. REFERENCES 1. National Building Code of Canad (NBCC 2005) 2, (SO 6897:1984 & 1S 14732:2000 Guidelines for the evlution of the response of occupants of fixed sutures, especialy buildings and offshore structures, to Low Fresuency Horizontal Motion (0.063 to Hz) BS 8110-11997 Stucture use of Concrete Par- — Code of Practise for Desig and CConsiruction 44. ASCE 7-05 - Minimum Design Loads for Bullaings And Osher Structures ‘S Isyumoy, N. "Motion Perception, Tolerance and Migation, Sth World Congress of the Corel on Tall ‘Buildings and Uvban Habitat, Amsterdam, The Neteriands, May 1995