Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1965
Recommended Citation
Chang, Shi-peing, "Infinite beams on an elastic foundation" (1965). Masters Theses. 5204.
https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/5204
This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This
work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the
permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact scholarsmine@mst.edu.
•)
' .> ~~
BY
A
THESIS
submitted to the £aculty of the
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT ROLLA
in partial £ul£illment o£ the requirements £or the
Degree o£
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
Rolla., Missouri
1965
1.1.5238
Approved by
(advisor) ~~
_/ L
/ (
.>
·, ,•I .
.J
ii
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT • ••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••.•••••••.••••••• ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••• iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• iv
LIST OF FIGURES ....................................... v
LIST OF TABLES •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• vi
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
1 Deflection of a Beam on Rigid Supports •••••••••• 6
2 The Coordinate Geometry of the Elastic Curve ••••• 8
3 Deflection of a Beam Resting on an Elastic Foun-
dation . . . • . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . • . 10
4 Behavior of Forces Applied to Beam Resting on an
Elastic Foundation ............................... 12
5 Load Conditions of the Infinite Beam ••.•.••••••• 16
6 Residue Curve ••••••••.••••• ~ .•••••.••••••• ·••• -••• 22
7. Diagram for the Variation -of Y/Y0 with n •••••••• 24
8 Diagram :for the Variation of (I) with n .•. • •••••• 27
9 A Rail. Resting .. on Ballast ••.• ·~i ~ .. ~ ••••• :.: ••.• -~ •.•••• 29
vi
LIST OF TABLES
Table
1 Modulus ·of Subgrade Reaction •.••••••• ·••••••••..• 28
2 Program for Solution of Equation 40 ••••••••••••• 33
3 Output Data of.Equation 40 ....................... 34
vii
NOTATIONS
parameter of integration
deformation per unit length
r2.dius of curvature
reduced coordinate in x-direction of beam defined
?<- v-1::_
as
~
'l tranformation o:f t defined as ~-=- t
6 stress
E strain
b width of beam
D denominator of the solution defined as D=o<+-2n2o<: 2+ 1
E modulus of elasticity
g gravitational force acceleration
I moment of inertia
(I) integr~
i imaginary unit·
k constant of foundation
characteristic length defined as ~ = Eki
4
/.
M bending moment per unit length of berun
2 .....;-"L
n defined by n - g
v-.1
.2.~ ~-a. <. I
p, q applied load
P, y Fourier coefficients
t time
v velocity
w unit weight of beam
X horizontaJ. a.Xis of beam
viii
I. INTRODUCTION
tures.
Due to the advancement of engineering, many thirut
today tl:lat the solution of this problem by the clascic
equation, which was derived nearly a century ago (18), (ll)
and is still beirig used, is not satisfactory because it
does not consider the existing dynamic action.
In recent decades the development of mathematics 2illd
the theory of elasticity have made unprecedented strides
that make possible the solution of some difficult dyn~fiic
problerns.
In this paper an· equation of motion for beams rEstinc
on ela.~tic £oundations and influenced by dynamic loads is
obtai~ed.
. .
The derivation of this eauation is modeled after
the mo:t-e eJCact plate theory of Reissner · (ll). It ·.is aSfJl1:1ted
throughout this paper that the depth of the beam. m8.y be
neglected, the deflection is very small compared to the
dimensions o.f the beam, and the beam is loaded within the
elast:ic lirni t. Other assumptions axe that the founC··_,-~ __ o:_
has no mass and the properties of the .foundation obey
Winkler's assumption (14), ·that at every ?Oii:..·c ·-~he r€ac"';:;io·(~.
·.
3
..
5
.
number of grains will displaJy the. same properties of over-
all stress and strain regardless of the directions in which
the part has been cut or is loaded (9).
2. Stresses are· below the proportional limit which
.....
means that the ratio of stress to strain is a constru1t.
3. Deflections are very small compared to the dimen- .
sions of.the beam.
4. A plane cross-section before bending remains plane
after bending.
5. The beam is initially straight.
6. Shearing deflections are neglected.
7. The neutral axis of a·beam in bending is the locus
of the centroids of the cross-sectional area.
Accepting the above-mentioned assumptions (17), the
deformation of the neutral axis, y, can be represented by
Figure 1.
Cd9 A
~ =-
-~
E -
l: ·=
6
P.. '
m
I'
------ ---:;;1 i
""' I
:r
/ .
:;::>
,.....-= JB
_c.._
X.
,..ldx ~- L-------cEi;;;ti c curve
(a),
(b)
M
n
F:i.g .. J. Deflection of Beam, :OncRigi.d:.:Supports~ ,_. ··.
7
'' ~dx
,
2E
CdG 6dx
~= 2E
MC
I
or
d,c
d9 = p
1 M (1)
y::-n
The coordinate geometry of the neutral axis of this beam
is represented by Figure 2, from which
fd8 =ds
For small slopes de is approximately equal to dx, hence
pd = dx ( 2)
From Equation 1 substituted into Equation 2
M
d9:::- dx ( 3)
EI
As dx approaches zero
tanG= :~
or in radians,
l)_Q:y. ( 4-)
o- dx
..
.,.. y
d 2y _ M ( 5)
dx2. --,rr
k=- ~
An infinitely small element enclosed between two
vertical cross-sections a distance dx apart in the beam
is under consideration and a load, p lbs/in., is applied
as in Figure 4. The sign conyention is that the upward
acting .forces are positive. Therefore,
I.F =o
V - (V + dV) + kydx pdx=O
Whence
dV + kydx pdx= 0
that is
dV
d~ :.ky-p
J.O
l
:P
X ,
y "'-Beam
T
II
I
I
/
By the relation
v = drv!
cJx
then
( 6)
•
Substituting Equation 5 into Equation 6,
d' dZ.Ij d~
EI d x_'Z- ~ = - o\ X.l.
· or
that is
d4!1
EI ot x4 =- - ky + p • (7)
This is the equation £or the deflection curve o£ a
beam supported on an elastic £oundation and subjected to
static loads. I£ a beam is loaded by vibration only, then
- - vJ "d'~
· P- T c;>t-a.
~ is the mass o£ a unit length ·o£ the beam, so that Eq. 7
becomes
EI d4-~ + ~ ~'_'j -1" K'/ = 0. (P)
~)(41-- 0 ~*"\.. \....1
. '
Nov1, a moving load, p, traveling along a beam is to
be considered. The de·sign of a beam which is restins on
an e~astic foundation and which is subjected to a moving
load must be based on the.consideration of the action of
both vibration and static forces ('8) so that the load
term must be added into Equation 8, which becomes
EI d4 !')4 .-+ ¥/ ":;;).,_'!} -\- k. '-'\ -= -o ( 9)
~')( g ~t.... .J ' •
This is the equation for beams on elastic found:;.tion con-
sidering dynamic ~oads. This equation satisfies the bour...-
dary condi tiona o::f not only infinite beams restinr; on c.n
.•
12
v
4~
pdx.
M +dM
dx
.. 'kid~
,
v+dV
.,
1~-
it may be observed:
~:::.~a!+ tl a'\ .::: Tl ~ +o
a.){ d~ ox "~ d-~ a~ .
d L~ ~ I at d ~ _ l d~La- (a)
o-X~= ~Qat~-~~~~"'
. y(i) = ;ll)_~~
'(()() e:k>(! do<. (H)
and· . ~
becomes
((){4_ 2n 2o£ 2+ l)Y(ol.) =-tP(o()
so that
~ _L p(.,.() ( t 7)
Y(tJ....) - I< o(-4- :Ltn~o(~+ I
Now a load o:f magnitU:de q(x, t) unii'ormly eli.,
' . . . : )
--v-
From Equat~on 16 ·~ . .. ~ ·
P(o<.): l~dr +
-fP
(
l.y~ 4
t e-iolfd} + (' Odf
_J~
:. .~ ( eio(dA, - e-:lo(d/.f ) .
2cti"d .
_ Ck ( eivtd/l_ .9 -icld/J. ) •
d2io< \ .l~ ' th.
. ~~7( -A.~ 7J..
Sine e sino(d,.1 _. e - e.
p(oi.)
"'
= * St~ o/t
2iv
(18)
From Equation 14
. . ·. 4 .iofJ -6 ,:, oi r.c. .·
d
y(_3) = ~ -o- Q((o<if-2/n";l.'),..+t)
or the real. £orm may be used
(2o)
Let
18
elld
EI 0
•k
(21)
Let
01 {of..) :: (22)
(23)
( 24-)
·v. DISCUSSION
'\
.
<~>- _j_
Y J -
r
7fk/J.0 -
u>~o< ~
o(4-2.n'-,l-...-l-/
. . tJI,../.
""" · (2'))
.
is evolved.
It may .be desirable to investigat•e
)-
D =ot..4- 2n2o<2+ 1;
e~bo1 thoroug~y.
load.
If' the beam is· subjected to· a··_p.ni:f'orm l~s.d, and the
load .is. stopped somewhere ·.on the beam, ·-for .whicb "i'= o, .
Equation 23 becomes
. tf ~~ fP(oC) •
y = 7C k. ()("4 -:l.,...oi~+l clo<.
. Oc::: n~ 1 (27)
D
r
when both d and ~approach zero. From equa~ion 23 then
Y- ,9
lL - dOl. 0 c: n c! 1 ( 28)
- 7CK J.. o<t 2n"~gl.*~-+ I
()
~+
)R ,JcR•
·/::: 2~l.~Res.
. .
Letting R approach infinity, then
. ol~ .
o< .,._ ~, ~ ~-~--, + 0: 27ti~Res.
-~
The so~ution ·of the ~ntegral is
22
-R + R
I
Fig. 6 ;.-·Residue Curve
23
j
0
.o o/ol-
..,{4,-;:ll')~iL+I -
n ( l ) =· a.n I
2.~. y(- 't\ ").. . 4 ( f/- 11~ )
. .. .
'·
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
.,.
'l. 2.0
Yo
1..8
1..6
1.. 0 1-.__,..--:---:-
o~o o.1. 0.2 0.3 0.4 o.s o.6 0.7 o.s o.g 1..0
n--.-
~
M ( 0) =f£ .-¢;Col.) o< '"2. do( 0 ~ n~-l (32)
1 7[. o<f-2n~'&.--t I
0
__ur
aches zero, and Equation 32 becomes
M(O)- 7!J
c(2-
~~;J.n%<'a....f-J o/o( .0~ n' 1 (33)
0 .
or
M(O) == 1ij
7C
oO
~
I -2 n7o<-a.
2.
-r/.L a
tic<
0
Mo = ~Rr~=t~~ ()
!v~( 0) M0 =
?6
:::::: COL'- ( ....,,/~[;;6 ~/;, o< tjz r.-< 't-o/- ro< t£. 2 n ~ ...._.IJdo<. ( 35 )
-n: ~ (ol "4-t.) ( c< ll_ ~rJ ~ z...-1-/..)
provided 0 ~ n~ 1
Equation 35 remains convergent.
Now, let d approach 0; that is,~ sinot..-j approaches Dl. f
Since ¢;(o<) ~ 1/i when the loaded area is .finite, Equation
35 can be simplif~~d to give an upper bound for the increase
in MJ(O), this bound .being approached as the lo~ded area
decreases. Thus
- i/ r:.2...(o<f£1-l) :...o( L.('o( ~ ~ n":l~ 7.....+1.) do(
M(O) M0 <:. JZL 0
·~ (_o(4-+l) (C>l4-::zn'2c:K7-+I_)
.
( 38)
O~n<:~
27
2.00;· ,-
I
I
i
1.go;
1.8o! I
I
1.70~
l. 601
l.50t
1.401
1.301 I
1.20
1.10
(I) l.OO
o.go
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
I
o.oo /
0.0 0.1 0.2· 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 o.g
I
I
I
n
FIGURE 8
Diagram for the Variation of (I) with n .
very small as the value o.f the upper bound o.f the integr8l
increases .from f'orty to three hundred twenty. It shows
that the integral may be written
1
(I)=
60 "'
f'(o/..)doi..= r.f'(o<)d"' +
loO.f(~)do(
/o - "
and 1 oO •
Find
a. The maximum rail deflection.
b. The maximum bending moment.
From the given data it is.calculated that
. - v 122
=
n- v c 12 20 =0 •1
2
n = 0.01
VI. CONCLUSION
..
* Table 1. Monulus of Subgra~e Reaction
'
Modulus.j_k'in lb/sq in./in.
lpo 1
1 50 ~00
!
-, 2so 5b0 8 00
l -~ .
I
GW ·
G-Gravel P-Poorly graded I GC
•
..
S-Sand L-Low to med. compressibility GP
M-"Mo'~Very fine sand, silt '
C-Clay ·H- High compressibility GF "f
F-Fines; Material less sw
than 0.1 rom
0-0rganic
I sc
SP
Vf-Vf ell . grade
SF
~ CH ML
OH CL
1 OL
It MH .
*Based on Casagrande's soil Classification. From
S. P. Timoshenko ·"Theory of Plates and Shell" p-•• 259
1959.
•
33
-- ..... - - --·.
.... _ . ------ .... _-·- ---- ~---- ... .._ -------- ....... ___
-- ------------=---.......----~-:-----
.
!·- .•. - • ··r··., . .. ,_ .. ,. ... ' -- ..... ····--·-
.
·..... - ... -~.-~. - - ----· ~· -------.--, - ....... ·- -- -. . . . . . . - - ---- ----:-<-·•
34
---- • 7 20 • 8.3951S50E-01 !
•7 40 • S .400 1540E-O 1
•7 ao • 8.4008253E-Ol
- -- .. -
... -
... --...--~
35
BIBLIOGRAPHY
14. .Winkler, E., Die Lehre von der Elastizist und Festie-
keit (Praga Dominicus, 1::367), p. 182.
15. Westergaard, H. M., Mechanics of :Progressive Cr,clcing
in Concrete .Pavements. Public Roads Vo:i.. 10,
No. 4, .June 1929.
16. Westergaard, H. M., Theory of Elasticity and Pla~rci-·
city. Harvard University :Press,. p. 2·~,1-235.
17. Younger, J. E., Advanced Dynamics. The Ronald :~ ress
Company, 1958, p. 88-135, p. 2.1-235.
18. Zimmermann, H., Die Berechnung des Eisenbahnoberbanes.
Berlin, 1888; 2nd ed., Berlin, 1930 .•
•
37
VITA
1.:15238