Alkafeel University

Engineering College
Department of Computer Techniques Engineering

Subject: RTS

Lecture Title: Real Time System

Stage: third Year

Lecture 1

By

Assist Lecture: Kamal M.H. Raheem

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What is Real-Time?

• Real-time is a quantitative notion of time measured using a physical clock.

• Example: After a certain event occurs (temperature exceeds 500 degrees) the
corresponding action (coolant shower) must complete within 100mSec.

• This is in contrast to the qualitative notion of time:

• Expressed using notions such as before, after, sometime, eventually, etc.

What is a Real-Time System?

• A system is called real-time:
• Whenever we need to quantitatively express time to

describe its behavior.

• As system where the correctness of the output does not depend only on the
calculation result but it also depends on the time at which the output is produced.

Important Characteristics Safety and Reliability

A safe system:
• Does not cause damage even when it fails.

A reliable system:
• Operates for long time without any failure.

Safety and Reliability

• In traditional systems:

• Safety and reliability are independent concerns.

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• A system can be safe and unreliable and vice versa.

• Give examples of:

• A safe and unreliable system

• A reliable and unsafe system

Safety System

• Interrelated in safety-critical system.

• A safety critical system is one for which any failure of the system would result in
severe damage.

• Safety can be ensured only through increased reliability.

Reliability system

• An unreliable system can be made safe upon a failure: • By reverting to a fail-safe

state.

• A fail-safe state:
• No damage can result if a system fails in this state.
• Example:
For a traffic light, all lights orange and blinking.

Types of Real-Time Systems

• Real-time systems are different from other systems: • Tasks have deadlines
associated with them.

• Classified based on the result of a failure: • Hard real-time systems
• Soft real-time
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systems

Hard Real-Time Systems

• Time is very important and achieving the desired result is also important.

• But if the target is achieved without time commitment, it means system failure.

Hard Real-Time System examples

• Car airbag.
• Anti lock breaking system (ABS). • Air craft control system.

Soft Real-Time Systems

• There are time limits, but they can be tolerated.

• The mistakes here do not lead to the damage of the system. And do not cause a
disaster.

Soft Real-Time System examples

• Video processing.

• Digital camera.


• Mobile phones.